The World Heritage Committee has inscribed new sites on the UNESCO World Heritage List during the 44th session of the Committee held online, which operates out of Fuzhou, China.

Places listed included cultural sites, including a transnational site, and sites in Saudi Arabia, Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom, Northern Ireland and Turkey.

In addition, 4 sites were included due to their natural features: Amami Oshima Island, Tokunoshima Island, the northern part of Okinawa Island, Iriomot Island (Japan), and Gitbull site;

Korean tidal flats (Republic of Korea), Kaeng Krachan Forest Complex site (Thailand), and Kulshan Rainforests and Wetlands site (Georgia).

And UNESCO has withdrawn the port of Liverpool from its World Heritage List, citing concerns about excessive development projects that lose its originality, in a decision that London described as "regressive", expressing "extreme disappointment" with it.

The inclusion of sites in the UNESCO World Heritage List is scheduled to continue until July 28, and the following is a definition of some of the sites that have been inscribed, according to UNESCO.

Saudi Arabia .. the cultural fever area منطقة

Hima is located in a barren mountainous region in southwestern Saudi Arabia, on one of the oldest ancient caravan routes that crossed the Arabian Peninsula. The Hima cultural area includes a large group of images engraved on the rocks depicting hunting, animals, plants and lifestyles of a culture that spanned 7,000 years without interruption.

Throughout the ages and until the late twentieth century, the travelers and armies who settled in the place left behind many inscriptions and inscriptions on the rocks, most of which remained intact.

🔴 BREAKING!

New @UNESCO #WorldHeritage site: Ḥimā Cultural Area, in #SaudiArabia 🇸🇦.

Mabrouk!

👏👏

ℹ https://t.co/X7SWIos7D9 #44WHC pic.twitter.com/pPW4AORmE7

— UNESCO 🏛️ #Education #Sciences #Culture 🇺🇳😷 (@UNESCO) July 24, 2021

The inscriptions on the rocks come in several scripts, including Al-Musnad, Aramaic-Nabatean, South Arabic, Thamudi, Greek and Arabic scripts.

This site and the surrounding area are also rich in antiquities that have not yet been excavated, and they consist of stone structures, burials, scattered stone tools and ancient wells.

This site is located in the oldest known toll station, located on one of the important ancient caravan routes, where there is a Hima well dating from at least 3,000 years ago, which still gives fresh water today.

Turkey.. Tel Arslan Tepe

Tell Arslan Tepe is an archaeological site with a height of 30 meters, located in the Malatya plain, 12 kilometers southwest of the Euphrates River.

Archaeological evidence at the site indicates the presence of life in it in the period extending from the sixth millennium BC - at least - until the late Roman period.

The first rock layers - which date back to the beginning of the Uruk period - are characterized by the presence of traces of brick houses dating back to the first part of the fourth millennium BC.

The most prominent and prosperous period in the site's history came in the late Chalcolithic era, when what is known as the palace complex was built.

There is a significant amount of important evidence that testifies to the beginning of the Bronze Age, and perhaps the most prominent landmarks that bear witness to this period are reflected in the royal tomb complex.

The history of the archaeological rock strata extends back to the ancient Assyrian period and the period of the Hittite Empire, including antiquities dating back to the period of the Neo-Hittite civilization.

🔴 BREAKING!

Just inscribed as @UNESCO #WorldHeritage Site: Arslantepe Mound, #Turkey🇹🇷.

Congratulations!

👏

ℹ️ https://t.co/X7SWIos7D9 #44WHC pic.twitter.com/71VYZDpDVc

— UNESCO 🏛️ #Education #Sciences #Culture 🇺🇳😷 (@UNESCO) July 26, 2021

The site explains a number of processes that led to the emergence of a state-affiliated society in the Near East, and an advanced bureaucratic system that preceded writing.

The excavations resulted in finding a group of metal parts and weapons, and this group includes the oldest swords that have been found to date on the face of the globe.

These effects point to the beginning of organized forms of combat as a privilege reserved for the elite of society, who used to display them as instruments of their new political power.

Amsterdam line of defense

The important boundary modification of the site, which was first inscribed in the Heritage List in 1996, extends from Lake IJssel (formerly known as Zäudersee) in Mauden, to the Bisspoch Estuary in Werkendam.

This amendment requires the addition of the new Dutch water line to the already existing Amsterdam Line of Defense World Heritage site, so that the site is known as the Dutch Water Line Defense World Heritage Site. The amendment also includes a number of extensions and withdrawals of some parts of the heritage site boundaries of the Amsterdam Line of Defense.

In particular, the extension shows a single military system of defense, which was based on flooding of fields and hydraulic installations, as well as a series of fortifications and military outposts spread over an area of ​​85 km.

🔴BREAKING!

The Dutch Water Defense Lines [extension of “Defence Line of Amsterdam”, inscribed in 1996], just inscribed on the #WorldHeritage List.

Congratulations #Netherlands🇳🇱!

ℹ️ https://t.co/X7SWIos7D9 #44WHC pic.twitter.com/nwPSaUEBS2

— UNESCO 🏛️ #Education #Sciences #Culture 🇺🇳😷 (@UNESCO) July 26, 2021

The site also includes 3 smaller elements: Fort Vierke IV, the Tell Flood Canal, and Fort Banerden close to the German border.

Constructed between 1814 and 1940, these monuments complement the already listed site, which is an unparalleled example of a water-controlled fortification concept.

Since the 16th century, the inhabitants of the Netherlands have been harnessing their knowledge and experience in the field of hydraulic engineering for defense purposes.

The city center was protected by a network of 45 heavily armed fortresses, which operated in concert with temporary floods in low-lying areas reclaimed from the watersheds.

Major European spa cities

The transnational site of the major European spa cities includes 11 cities in 7 European countries: Baden bei Wien (Austria), Spa (Belgium), Franzków Lazne (Czech), Karlovy Vary (Czech) and Marianske Lazne (Czech). , Vichy (France), Bad Ems (Germany), Baden-Baden (Germany), Bad Kissingen (Germany), Montecatini Terme (Italy) and Bath (United Kingdom).

All of these cities developed in the vicinity of natural mineral springs, and bear witness to the culture of international European health resorts, which crystallized in the period between the beginning of the 18th century and the 1830s, which led to the emergence of major international resorts that influenced the urban models of spa building groups. Such as Kurhaus, Kursaal (buildings and rooms for treatment), pump rooms, drinking halls, corridors and cabins designed to harness natural mineral water resources, and use them for bathing and drinking purposes.

Related facilities include parks, assembly rooms, amusement parks, theatres, hotels and palaces, not to mention the spa infrastructures.

All of these buildings are integrated into a comprehensive urban context that includes a carefully managed recreational and therapeutic environment surrounded by beautiful landscapes.

Together, these sites embody an important form of exchange of human values ​​and developments in the fields of medicine, science, and healing by bathing and mineral water.

France.. Cordoan Lighthouse

The Cordwan Lighthouse stands on a rocky plateau in the shallow waters of the Atlantic Ocean at the mouth of the Gironde, in an extremely unsuitable and highly weathered environment.

It was built with white limestone carved at the end of the 16th and beginning of the 17th century, designed by the engineer Louis de Foix, and modifications by the engineer Joseph Toller in the late 18th century.

The huge lighthouse tower is considered one of the masterpieces of marine installations, and it is adorned with cantilevered wall columns and muqarnas.

The lighthouse embodies the important stages of the architectural and technological history of lighthouses, as it was built with the aim of continuing the tradition of building famous lighthouses in ancient times, to be an example of the art of building lighthouses in a period when navigation was renewed, and lighthouses played an important role as signs on land and tools for safety.

Finally, the increase in the height of the lighthouse in the late 18th century and the changes made to the lighthouse in it testify to the advances in science and technology at that time.

In its architectural forms, it was inspired by ancient models, the nobility of the Renaissance, and the architectural style of the Higher Institute of Bridges and Roads in France.

Germany.. Matildenhau High in Dramstadt

In 1897, the Grand Duke of Hesse, Ernst Ludwig, founded the Darmstadt Art Complex on the Matteldenhoehe, the highest point overlooking the city of Dramstadt in western central Germany, to be a center for emerging movements in architecture, arts and crafts. The artists who are members of the complex designed the buildings to be experiential environments for living and working in a style of early modernism. The complex was expanded during the successive international fairs held in 1901, 1904, 1908 and 1914.

Today he is witness to the early modern architecture, city planning, and landscape design, all of which were influenced by the Arts and Crafts movement and the Vienna Secession.

The serial property consists of two component parts comprising 23 elements, such as the Bridal Tower (1908), the Exhibition Hall (1908), the Orchard of the Plantains (1833, 1904-1914), the Russian Church of Mary Magdalene (1897-1899), the lily-bowl and the monument The Gottfried Schwab memorial (1905), the pergola and garden (1914), the garden pavilion "Swan Temple" (1914), the Ernst Ludwig Fountain and the 13 houses and artists' studios, built within the Darmstadt Art Complex and for international exhibitions.

The complex includes an additional element consisting of a group of 3 houses built for the 1904 exhibition.

Italy.. series of murals

The site consists of 8 religious and secular complexes located within the walls of the historic city of Padua, and includes a series of frescoes painted by several artists between 1302 and 1397 at the request of several patrons of art, and are housed in buildings of various functions.

Nevertheless, these frescoes preserved the unity of style and content, among them the series of Goto frescoes in the Scroveny Chapel, which marks the beginning of the revolutionary development in the history of frescoes, and series of frescoes by other artists, such as Guarento d'Arbo and Giusto dei Dinabue, Alquieiro da Zevio, Jacopo Avanzi and Jacopo da Verona.

This series of murals illustrates the evolution of mural art over a century, as well as the generation of creative impetus and a new understanding of the depiction of space.

World Trade Center in Song Chuan, China

The hierarchical location of Chanzhou embodies the city's vitality as a maritime trading center during the Song and Yuan dynasties between the 10th and 14th centuries AD, as well as the communication and interconnection between the city and the remote inner Chinese lands.

Chanzhou flourished during a very important period in the maritime trade of Asia.

The site includes a number of religious monuments, such as the Qing Jing Mosque (The Mosque of the Companions), which dates back to the 11th century, and is one of the oldest Islamic edifices in China, not to mention Islamic tombs, and a wide range of archaeological remains such as administrative buildings, and stone docks important for purposes Trade and defence, sites for the production of ceramics and iron, elements of the city's transport network, ancient bridges, temples, and inscriptions.

The city was known as "Zaytoun" in Arabic and Western texts dating from the 10th to the 14th centuries AD.

Iran..The Transit Railway

The Trans-Iranian railway connects the Caspian Sea in the northeast and the Persian Gulf in the southwest, and it traverses two chains of mountains, rivers, highlands, forests and plains, and crosses 4 climatic zones.

Work on the construction of this railway began in 1927 and ended in 1938. The design and implementation of the railway - which has a length of 1,394 km - was the result of successful cooperation between the Iranian government and 43 contractors in the field of construction from many countries.

🔴BREAKING

The Trans-Iranian Railway, #Iran🇮🇷, just inscribed on the @UNESCO #WorldHeritage List.

Congratulations!👏

ℹ️https://t.co/X7SWIos7D9 #44WHC pic.twitter.com/leBlhVthTp

— UNESCO 🏛️ #Education #Sciences #Culture 🇺🇳😷 (@UNESCO) July 25, 2021

This track is distinguished by its extension and the engineering work that it required in order to overcome the problem of steep roads and other difficulties. The construction of this railway required cutting off large areas of mountains in some areas, while the existence of rough terrain required the construction of 174 large bridges, 186 small bridges, and 224 tunnels, including 11 spiral tunnels. This project was funded by national tax funds, unlike most early railway projects, in order to avoid foreign investment and control.