Summer grain won the "Eighteen consecutive harvests", a solid foundation for the year-round grain harvest
"Grain production must be stepped up every year"
Our reporter Gao Yuncai Yu Jingxian
"People's Daily" (version 01, July 20, 2021)
"The newly harvested wheat this year has large grains and suitable moisture content. The average yield per mu of land is more than 1,200 jin." In Jun County, Henan Province, Xiong Xiujie, chairman of the Guobing Farmers Professional Cooperative, had just finished harvesting wheat and planted corn. "Summer The planting is one day late, the autumn harvest is ten days late, the summer grains are returned to the warehouse, and the autumn grains can't fall!"
General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "We must firmly hold the initiative in food security, and we must pay close attention to food production every year." "We must resolutely hold the responsibility for food security, deepen the structural reform of the agricultural supply side, promote the integrated development of the three industries in rural areas, and improve agriculture. Quality efficiency and competitiveness."
The food is safe in the world, and the farm is stable.
In the first year of the "14th Five-Year Plan", my country's summer grain harvests won the "18 consecutive harvests", which is a solid foundation for winning the annual grain harvest.
The national summer grain production data released by the National Bureau of Statistics on July 14 showed that the total national summer grain output in 2021 was 291.6 billion jin, an increase of 5.93 billion jin or 2.1% over 2020.
A handful of grains of wheat is a heavy weight.
With a bumper summer grain harvest, the economy for the whole year is underpinned.
The victory in the first battle in grain production has won the initiative for the annual grain output to remain above 1.3 trillion catties, and provided strong support for the "14th Five-Year Plan" to get off to a good start, promote high-quality economic and social development, and build a new development pattern.
"Will farming land" becomes "Wise farming land" to ensure that grain particles are returned to the warehouse
The overall improvement of the level of agricultural modernization has improved the efficiency of grain production.
This year's "three summers" production, and the promotion of mechanical harvest reduction is the rallying call for my country's agriculture to march from "smart farming" to "smart farming".
In the wheat field of Sutan Village, Guanqiao Town, Tengzhou City, Shandong Province, 10 combine harvesters lined up, and the agricultural mechanics competed in grain harvesting and loss reduction skills one by one.
“One combine harvester can support 100 skilled labors. The agricultural operators practice their operating skills and make the most of the advantages of mechanization to reduce losses.” said Yang Fujun, head of the Xinjian Agricultural Machinery Cooperative in Tengzhou City. “The harvest should be based on the maturity of the wheat. Adjust the speed of the harvester's screen box and reel to move forward at a uniform speed as much as possible to avoid bumps and spills of grain."
——Focus on the key points and reduce the loss of machine revenue to promote revenue growth.
"Nine mature, ten percent harvest; ten mature, ten percent lost. Choosing the timing of machine harvesting is the key." said Huang Guoxing, a farmer who is busy harvesting in the big fields of Xihejing Village, Baidaokou Town, Huaxian County, Henan Province. , The best wheat harvest period is wax maturity or early maturity. At this time, the crop moisture content is about 15%-25%, and the harvest loss is the least.
In order to ensure that the summer grain pellets return to the warehouse, agricultural machinery operators and service entities from all over the country stand on the last “harvest post”.
At present, the national mechanical harvest level of wheat, rice, and corn has reached 97%, 94%, and 78%, respectively, and the effect of reducing mechanical harvest loss during farming is obvious.
Kong Xiangzhi, a professor at the School of Agriculture and Rural Development of Renmin University of China, said: "The reduction of mechanical harvest is the key to the return of grains. If the loss rate of mechanical harvest of wheat is reduced by 1 percentage point, the country can recover more than 2.5 billion catties of grain."
—— Grasp the whole process and improve the quality of machine-receiving operations.
"To achieve the goal of machine harvesting and loss reduction, we need to grasp the whole process management of the machine harvesting." said Zhang Shanwei, director of the Agricultural Machinery Bureau of Junxian County, Henan Province, effectively coordinating factors such as harvest timing, machine performance, and operator operation level during the whole process of machine harvesting. It can avoid missing cutting, blocking grass, and running out of grain to the greatest extent. "One mu of land loses 10 kilograms, 3000 mu of land is 30,000 kilograms!" This year, Henan uses agricultural machinery purchase subsidies and other policies to add about 5,000 combine harvesters. , A total of 3.02 million units of various types of machinery were overhauled, and 166,000 agricultural machinery personnel were trained.
Do everything possible to improve the quality of the harvest.
During the "Three Summers" of this year, more than 600,000 combine harvesters were put into wheat harvesting in various places, of which about 250,000 were involved in cross-regional operations in Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Jiangsu and Anhui.
The operator regulates the operation, continuously optimizes the harvesting skills, and reduces the loss of the multi-site machine by more than 1%.
——Strong support and give full play to the advantages of organization and service.
"With the social service of 20 mu of wheat, it was completed in less than 4 hours, and the loss of one mu of land was reduced by more than 40 catties." said a villager in Kaozhuang Village, Dingji Town, Fengtai County, Anhui Province.
This year, a total of 216 social service organizations in Fengtai County invested more than 4,000 combine harvesters to participate in the summer harvest.
"By leveraging the advantages of socialized service organizations in information, equipment, and services, we can solve the problems that one household can't do, do not do well, and do not cost-effectively, and further optimize the quality of the'three summers' homework." Tsinghua University Said Zhang Hongyu, vice president of China Rural Research Institute.
There is a socialized service "field sitter" for growing grain, and the efficiency of grain production is greatly improved.
At present, there are 194,000 socialized agricultural machinery service organizations nationwide. Through hosting, order-based, and lease-based services, they ensure that the wheat is “ripe and harvested” and help farmers save costs and increase efficiency.
"Three Stability" work together to consolidate grain production capacity
The continuous improvement of the agricultural governance system has improved the grain production capacity.
Stabilizing policies, stabilizing areas, and stabilizing output is the heart of hundreds of millions of grain farmers, and what stabilizes is the responsibility of the party and government, and the responsibility of focusing on agriculture and grain.
"One five, ten, fifteen..." In Sizhi Village, Qindong Township, Tongguan County, Shaanxi Province, the wheat fields under the scorching sun were rolling in heat. Villager Zhang Ping came to the newly transferred farmland this year and happily counted the grains of wheat, "52 grains per ear. , Still full and translucent, this year's wheat has become!"
As far as the annual grain production is concerned, capturing a bumper summer grain harvest is a crucial battle.
Ye Xingqing, director of the Rural Economic Research Department of the Development Research Center of the State Council, said that the summer grain harvest has again stabilized the basic grain production for the year.
-The policy has been stabilized, and hundreds of millions of farmers can grow grain with confidence.
"This year's wheat minimum purchase price and market price are higher than last year. I have one season of wheat and one season of rice and shrimp, and I have a profit!" Zang Rujun, a large grain grower in Tangyang Village, Shiji Township, Sihong County, Jiangsu Province, is full of confidence.
At the beginning of this year, Jiangsu Province awarded 133 million yuan to 26 major grain-producing counties, and each county awarded 5-10 million yuan.
The policy is full of gold, giving farmers peace of mind.
This year, the central government issued a series of policies to support grain production, increased incentives for major grain-producing counties, increased the minimum purchase prices for indica rice and wheat, and expanded the pilot program of full cost insurance and income insurance to the three major grain crops, and stabilized the income from growing grain. It is expected to improve the ability to resist risks, protect and mobilize farmers' enthusiasm for growing grain.
——The area has been stabilized, and the foundation for a good summer grain harvest has been firmly laid.
"The key to stable grain production is to stabilize the planting area." said Chen Liming, director of the Planting Management Division of the Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Jinan City, Shandong Province. In order to ensure that it should be broadcast, the city will allocate special funds this year to guide the expansion of grain production. The districts and counties that have completed the grain planting area have given financial incentives, and the city's wheat area has increased by 39,100 mu over the previous year.
"The land is not empty, the seasons are not idle, the plants are not cracked, and the subsidies are not holes." Various localities have adopted practical measures to ensure that the grain is firmly planted in the ground.
This year, the national winter wheat planting area has increased by more than 3 million mu, laying a solid foundation for a bumper summer grain harvest.
—— Stabilized production and escorted disaster prevention and mitigation.
The grain does not return to the warehouse for a day, and the management does not let go.
“The humidity in the fields was high some time ago, and wheat is prone to stripe rust. Thanks to the timely deployment of drones by the County Agricultural Technology Center to spray the pesticides, the output can be considered preserved.” This summer Liangfeng received the hand, Jixian Town, Heshui County, Gansu Province Zhao Pumin, a villager in Gonghe Village, breathed a sigh of relief.
"Early warning, early preparation, and early control", in response to the recurrence of wheat stripe rust and head blight this year, the central government has allocated 1 billion yuan in agricultural production disaster relief funds to support the prevention and control of major diseases and insect pests in various regions.
Local agricultural and rural departments formulate prevention and control plans as early as possible, strengthen monitoring and early warning, and carry out unified prevention and emergency control in a timely manner. The main production areas are generally controlled twice, and the diseased ear rate is controlled within 3% to ensure that "insects seize food."
At present, the southern early rice is about to enter a concentrated harvest period.
In Hunan, Jiangxi and other double-cropping rice producing areas, the "double-grabbing" early rice mechanical harvest reduction arrangement is in place to ensure "ripe organic harvesting, wet and organic drying, and drainage of waterlogged fields", and do everything possible to reduce mechanical harvest losses and speed up the mechanization of late rice. Planting progress.
Grasp the quantity and quality together, and manage the production ecology together
Structural reforms on the agricultural supply side have transformed food production methods.
Aiming at the demand side, it has shifted from an increase in production orientation to an improvement in quality orientation. Grain production has become superior, good, and green, and the quality and efficiency have been continuously improved.
"A good plant produces good grain. A pound of high-quality wheat is 5 points more expensive than ordinary varieties. Everyone thinks it is good." Cui Changbo, director of the Fengfa Agricultural Planting Farmers Professional Cooperative in Qi County, Henan Province, has planted high-quality strong gluten wheat for several years. Thumbs up, "The new varieties are resistant to spring cold and lodging, and the yield per mu is stable at about 1,200 jin. We have signed purchase agreements with several flour companies in the county."
With the in-depth advancement of agricultural supply-side structural reforms, grain production in the first half of the year showed new characteristics:
——Better varieties to meet diversified needs.
"This year, the county’s wheat sowing area is 292,300 mu, and the coverage rate of improved varieties has reached 98%," said Liu Canyu, deputy director of the Qi County Agriculture and Rural Bureau. "During this period, the average purchase price of new wheat in the market reached 1.2 yuan, exceeding the minimum purchase price. The price fully reflects the market law of high quality and high price."
While stabilizing and increasing production, the main producing areas are focusing on developing varieties that are in short supply in the market.
"Through the selection and promotion of special wheat, the coverage of improved varieties and the availability of technologies have been expanded, laying the foundation for farmers to increase their income." Wang Jianlai, chief expert of the wheat industry technology system in Anhui Province, said that the efficiency of brewing wheat is more than 200 yuan per acre.
This year, the national high-quality special-purpose wheat area accounted for 37.3%, an increase of 1.5 percentage points over the previous year.
——Agronomy is improving, increasing production and income.
"Look at the freshly harvested wheat grains, all of them are full. The quality of our cooperative's wheat is top-notch, increasing production and income." said Kong Detong, chairman of the Limin Agricultural Machinery Cooperative in Nishan Town, Qufu City, Shandong Province.
The implantation of better agronomy has brought about an increase in grain production and income.
"Using key technologies such as water and fertilizer integration and deep ploughing and deep loosening, and less watering during the whole growth period, the yield per mu is increased by 50 jin compared with last year, and the cost per mu is 160 yuan." Jinkefu Wheat Professional Cooperative in Quzhou County, Hebei Province The person in charge Wang Junshan said.
This year, Hebei has basically achieved full coverage of water-saving and increased product varieties of wheat.
Grain storage technology spreads all over the countryside and promotes the continuous improvement of food production levels.
This year, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs organized 260,000 agricultural technicians to rush in the "Three Summers" production line. Through the agricultural technology promotion subsidy program, more than 100 practical technologies were promoted. This year, the national wheat production increased by 4.2 kg per mu.
——The production becomes green, and the quality is improved and the efficiency is increased.
In Yanwanghu Town, Hanshou County, Hunan, a good harvest of 10,000 mu of high-quality rice is in sight.
When I walked closer, the fields were equipped with sex traps and wind-suction insecticidal lamps, and flowering plants planted on the field ridges attracted pests away.
"With the use of biological control technology, pesticide reduction, and high yield of rice, everyone has tasted the sweetness." said Zhang Guangguo, a villager in Wuzhushan Village.
The ecological background of food production has become more vivid.
This year, my country’s cultivated land rotation and fallow area has expanded to more than 47 million mu; the promotion of medicine-saving technologies such as wheat seeding and dressing and seed coating has reached nearly 90%.
The central government allocated 2.5 billion yuan to continue to carry out green, high-quality and high-efficiency food activities, and accelerate the promotion of irrigation water, fertilizers and pesticides reduction and efficiency enhancement through the use of improved varieties and methods.
"Civil farming will cultivate the land, and farming will bring more millet, and the more millet will enrich the country." On the new journey of comprehensively building a modern socialist country, we must continue to lay a solid foundation for food security, shoulder the responsibility for food security, and protect the Chinese people. The rice bowl is firmly in our hands to promote high-quality and high-efficiency agriculture, rural livability and industry, and affluent farmers.