Among the winners of the "July 1st Medal" is a farmer who has spent his life fighting with the desert. His name is Shi Guangyin. He is the former secretary of the Party branch of Shilisha Village, Dingbian Street, Dingbian County, Yulin City, Shaanxi Province, and Shi Guangyin, Shaanxi Province. Chairman of Sand Control Group Co., Ltd.
Shi Guangyin's home is located on the southern edge of the Mu Us Desert, one of the four famous sandy areas in China.
The Mu Us Desert lies in the south of Ordos City in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, the north of Yulin City in Shaanxi Province, and the northeast of Yanchi County, Wuzhong City in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region.
At the beginning of the founding of New China, the total area here reached 42,200 square kilometers, equivalent to two Beijings.
But by 2020, this desert will almost disappear from China's territory.
The Director-General of the United Nations Desertification Control Organization commented: "The practice of the Mu Us Desert control has done something that makes the world pay tribute to China."
The satellite images released by NASA show that China has been constantly turning "green" in recent years.
Many foreigners sighed: "Why can miracles always happen in China?" Perhaps Shi Guangyin's words can answer: "When I was young, I made up my mind to fight desertification. Anything, as long as I make up my mind, there is nothing impossible."
"Sand enters and retreats" becomes "green enters and retreats"
"The ones I can't see at a glance are my woods"
"Isn't the loess high slope? What about the loess?" In the movie "My Hometown and Me" released last year, this classic line impressed many audiences.
In the film, Qiao Shulin, played by Deng Chao, leads the villagers to plant trees and cultivate sandy apples in the sand, turning the barren land into an lush oasis.
This movie reflects the story of the control of the Mu Us Desert in Yulin City, Shaanxi Province.
Driving on the highway in Yulin, there are trees and green grass on both sides of the road.
Wetland parks, economic forest bases, and ecological parks can be seen everywhere. It is hard to imagine that this national forest city used to be a barren land.
Yulin City used to be called the "Desert City", and half of the Mu Us Desert is on the line of the Great Wall of Yulin City.
In the early days of the founding of New China, the forest coverage rate here was only 0.9%.
Old man Guo Chengwang from Maotuan Village, Dongkeng Town, Jingbian County, Yulin City, recalled that 40 or 50 years ago, the village was surrounded by yellow sand. When a sandstorm blows, all the crops in the ground are buried.
"The sand is driving people away. If the sand is not cured, the people will not be able to live a good life." The difficult living environment has created a group of sand control people who are unwilling to bow to difficulties. It is they who have made the present-day beautiful Yulin. .
Shi Guangyin moved several times due to wind and sand since he was a child, and his little friend was also buried in Shahai.
In 1968, Shi Guangyin, who was still the leader of Getatao Village, Dingbian County, Yulin City, led the masses to plant saplings around the village.
After three years of hard work, the first oasis planted alive!
This gave Shi Guangyin hope.
In 1984, under the call of the central government to manage the "five wasteland", Shi Guangyin resigned from the "iron rice bowl" of the farm manager in Haiziliang Township, and moved his family into the four largest villages in the township with the largest desert area, and became the country's first. A peasant joint-stock sand control company started a long sand control process.
In 1984, Shi Guangyin contracted 3000 acres of waste sand; in 1994, he contracted 45,000 acres of saline-alkali flats; after that, he contracted 75,000 acres of wasteland in the Tomohiro area of the county salt chemical plant and the state-owned Great Wall Forest Farm. 45,500 acres...In the past few decades, Shi Guangyin and his fellow villagers have stained hundreds of thousands of acres of desert green bit by bit. His sons and grandsons have also joined the sand control team.
Wushen Banner, Ordos City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is located in the hinterland of the Mu Us Desert.
Thirty years ago, the Shaanxi girl Yin Yuzhen married here and found that the yellow sand around her new home was so full that she could not see the edge at a glance, and even half of her new home was buried in the sand.
"If I didn't plant a tree at the time, let Sand bury me." Without money, Yin Yuzhen and her husband sold the only goat in the family and exchanged it for a sapling. Even if only one of the 10 trees survived, they gritted their teeth and persevered. .
Over the years, she and her husband worked outside the home and bought saplings for their wages.
Until the girl Yuzhen then became the grandma of Yuzhen today, she can finally say to her grandson proudly: "Standing on the beam, all that can't be seen is my forest."
Shi Guangyin, Yin Yuzhen, Niu Yuqin, Women's Sand Control Company, Wang Youde... In the Mu Us Desert, there are many such tree planters.
Shi Changchun, director of the Shaanxi Institute of Desert Control, said that it takes time to plant trees, and it is really not easy to stick to it.
The employees of the early desert control institute came from all corners of the country and stayed here for a lifetime.
Many sand control workers are green relays of two or three generations, relying on the spirit of Foolish Father to move mountains, one crop after another.
Relying on the efforts of sand control people, Yulin’s forest tree preservation area has reached 23.6 million mu, the usable grassland area is 18.33 million mu, the artificial grass preservation area is 7.6 million mu, the improved grassland is more than 1.5 million mu, and 8.6 million mu of quicksand is all obtained. In addition to fixed or semi-fixed, the control rate of desertified land exceeds 90%.
The forest area of Wushen Banner has increased from 3.17 million mu in 1999 to 5.76 million mu today, and the forest coverage and vegetation coverage have reached 32.89% and 80%, respectively...Mau Us Enter the sand and retreat".
From "how much to plant and how much to fall" to 90% survival rate
"Desert prevention and control cannot be reckless, but must rely on scientific and technological support"
In the midsummer season, Ningxia Lingwu Baijitan National Nature Reserve, located on the edge of the Mu Us Desert, is full of lakes and mountains and birds inhabit.
Forest ranger Wu Jingzhong has worked here for more than 30 years. According to him, this protected area was originally a barren sandy land.
The wind blows the sand away, and the sand dunes continue to move forward, threatening the people living around them.
In order to stop the sand dunes, they used shovel to pierce the hay into the sand to form a square cross grid of 1 cubic meter, and then sow wormwood and other seeds around, planting a drought-tolerant tree every three squares. Form a grid of plants and grass.
These grids can trap water, reduce wind, and improve plant survival.
The grass square is the "Chinese Rubik's Cube" in the mouth of foreigners.
These square grids of 1 cubic meter are like a lock, which locks the quicksand's progress.
This is the original Chinese sand control technology, which is widely recognized by the United Nations.
"When a sand barrier was set up on a grid on the windward slope, 80% of the saplings were alive." Shi Guangyin said that at the beginning of sand control, he suffered a lot by relying only on strength and soil methods.
In 1985, he and his fellow villagers managed the wolf's nest sand. Bundles of saplings were carried back into the sand nest. After a few strong winds, they planted as many as they fell.
In 1988, forestry technicians taught him how to draw grids, and this changed the situation.
In Shi Changchun's view, "Desert prevention and control cannot be reckless. Scientific research and technological support play an important and irreplaceable role."
According to Lei Zisheng, head of the business section of the Yulin Forestry and Grass Bureau, over the years, Yulin has explored many techniques for sand control and planting trees and grass.
For example, air seeding control is carried out on the far sand and big sand according to local conditions, and the conifer, broad grass, shrub and mixed forests are artificially constructed in the near sand and small sand.
For example, continue to optimize the forest structure, carry out scientific research projects of grafting Pinus sylvestris and Pinus koraiensis; carry out red dates to reduce the height and shape, and the excellent fruit rate of red dates has increased from 30% to 70%; develop drip irrigation to save water, waterless planting, and hybrid breeding And other applicable technologies.
Walking into the Hongshixia Sandy Botanical Garden in Yulin City, Shaanxi Province, there are lush green trees.
Unexpectedly, in addition to the common trees and shrubs in arid areas, there are many coniferous species such as pinus sylvestris, red pine, and red pine, the largest of which is 20 meters in height.
According to the staff of the Botanical Garden, these pine trees were introduced from my country's Daxing'an Mountains and other places in order to expand the types of trees and reduce the ecological risks of pure forests.
"Who could have thought that we could grow pine trees here!" Shi Guangyin said. In the past, the bushes he and his villagers planted were short-lived and of low economic value, and belonged to extensive afforestation. With planting techniques, he and the villagers are now working on it. The transformation of low-yield forests and planting of conifers like Pinus sylvestris has now completed more than 50,000 mu, and plans to plant another two to three thousand mu this year.
Many years of desert control experience made him feel deeply: "The next generation should use high-tech afforestation to control sand."
In 2019, the Maowusu Ecological Experimental Station of the Xi'an Branch of the Chinese Academy of Sciences was established.
From "planting wherever there is time, and then filling up the holes" to "planting the trees in a proper place and bringing in the three pine trees" to "the mixed three-dimensional planting of trees and shrubs, and the establishment of a green barrier."
In the new era, many new technologies have emerged, helping Mao Us to move from light green to dark green.
In the Baijitan Nature Reserve, remote sensing technology is applied to afforestation project acceptance, vegetation restoration change monitoring, sand dune movement monitoring, etc., planting trees and grass no longer requires staff to measure the area one by one.
Not only Mu Us, advanced technology solutions are applied in desert management everywhere.
The traditional grass grid technology is now gorgeously upgraded.
The multifunctional three-dimensional sand fixation vehicle independently developed by our country uses machinery to form grass grids for sand fixation, which can lay 48 acres of grass grids every day, which is more efficient.
In addition, there is a minimally invasive tree planting method. It only takes 10 seconds to plant a seedling, but the survival rate is 90%.
Keeping the green waters and green mountains, there are golden mountains and silver mountains
"Let'shawowo' become a'golden bowl' for getting rich"
A large unmanned transport aircraft has crossed the Mu Us Desert and transported a batch of melons from Shaanxi to Ningxia.
Not only cantaloupe, but the Mu Us Desert, where there was no grass in the past, is now full of treasures: the sand industry system dominated by planting, breeding, processing, tourism, and new energy is becoming more and more perfect. Corn, potatoes, sea buckthorn, red dates and apples are not only popular Domestically, some even export overseas.
"Watermelons, peach trees, pear trees, apricot trees, and roses, and there are more and more varieties. Our fruits can be eaten from May to September..." Yin Yuzhen now has an ecological garden and earns several hundred thousand yuan a year.
Originally I only wanted to stop suffering from the wind and sand, but I didn't expect that now not only the sand is stopped, but golden bumps are also digging out from the desert.
Greening is just the beginning. The control of sand, soil, and alkali is all for poverty.
With the ecological benefits, the economic benefits will also be brought up.
From sand prevention and control to sand protection and use of sand, to the establishment of an ecological cycle model.
Following this goal, Yulin vigorously develops ecological agriculture and tourism, combines the management of waste sand with the development of sandy resources, and achieves a double harvest of ecological and economic benefits.
Located in Yuyang District, Yulin City, the modern agricultural science and technology demonstration zone is a national agricultural science and technology park.
Nowadays, there are 82 enterprises and 47 projects have been completed and put into production, and new business forms such as modern seed industry and digital agriculture are flooded with them.
According to Liu Wangye, chief engineer of the demonstration zone, the industrial park promotes green production methods, establishes a long-term mechanism for green and low-carbon circular development, popularizes the integration of water and fertilizer, water-saving irrigation and other technologies in the park, and realizes the agglomeration of multiple industries and the integration of production, education and research. .
"In our farmland, potatoes are grown first, and after the potatoes are harvested, forage is grown. The forage can not only fix sand, but also be used as feed for aquaculture, and livestock and poultry manure can be used as organic fertilizer in the farmland." Liu Wang Ye said that today, the per capita disposable income of rural residents in the industrial park has exceeded 20,000 yuan.
"The trees in our sandy soil can not only fix sand, but they are also beautiful and easy to use!" In the land of Mao Us, it is not easy to grow a tree and must maximize its value.
Jujube trees require a small amount of water and are a three-in-one crop of ecology, landscape and economy.
In the Jujube Base of Wushen Banner, nearly 3 million high-quality jujube seedlings grow here quietly in 1,000 mu.
Through the operation model of "Research Institute + Cooperative + Base + Farmers and Herdsmen", the local area has cultivated high-quality jujube trees and handed them to farmers and herdsmen for planting, thereby driving farmers' incomes and wealth.
In the Mu Us Biomass Thermal Power Co., Ltd. in Wushen Banner, ordinary Salix can not only be used to generate electricity, but also processed into biomass fuel pellets, a small cylinder with a calorific value that can reach 60% of the same weight of standard coal. Increased the income of more than 5,000 herdsmen in the surrounding area.
Liu Erfei, a villager in Ulanshibatai Village of Wushen Banner, is living a good life of increasing income by 5,000 yuan, or even tens of thousands of yuan, by selling salix.
Xiumei Forest Farm, 100-head beef cattle demonstration ranch, 3,000-ton safe feed processing plant, forestry technology training center, Yueya Lake tourist attractions... In recent years, Shi Guangyin has established in the village through the business development model of "company + farmer + base" Hundreds of mobile greenhouses have developed many industries such as planting and breeding.
"Sand control must also get rich. In the next step, we must introduce more high-tech agriculture, research high-tech agricultural products, combine rural revitalization with our projects, and make the'shawowo' become the'golden bowl' for the masses to get rich." Shi Guang Silver said.
Reporter Wang Yajing