Lookout·Governance and Administration Chronicle丨Forge ahead in aerospace power
◆ The characteristics of independent innovation, new national system advantages and aerospace spirit presented in the development of China's aerospace industry provide strong incentives for innovation and creation in the whole society
◆ China Aerospace urgently needs to improve its independent and controllable innovation and development capabilities, focus on cutting-edge scientific exploration and research capabilities, strong and sustained economic and social development service capabilities, effective and reliable national security capabilities, scientific and efficient modern governance capabilities, and a mutually beneficial and win-win international Communication and cooperation ability
Endeavour to become a space power
At 14:57 on July 4, after about 7 hours of exiting activities, the astronauts Liu Boming and Tang Hongbo successfully completed the assembly of extravehicular activities related equipment and the panoramic camera lift and returned to the Tianhe core capsule safely.
This is another space outing activity carried out by Chinese astronauts 13 years after the Shenzhou VII manned mission in 2008.
The continuation of the majestic chapter of the construction of the Chinese Space Station adds another beautiful stroke.
The construction of the space station is an important milestone in China's aerospace industry and will make pioneering contributions to the peaceful use of space by mankind.
In the 65 years since China’s aerospace industry was formally established in 1956, under the correct leadership of the Party Central Committee, the State Council, and the Central Military Commission, the aerospace industry has grown from nothing, from small to large, and from weak to strong, creating the "two bombs and one star". , Manned spaceflight, lunar exploration, and Mars exploration as representative brilliant achievements.
With our outstanding achievements, exploring the vast universe, developing aerospace industry, and building an aerospace power is still our unremitting pursuit of aerospace dream.
China's "Flying": Ask the world to serve the earth
In today's world, a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation are advancing by leaps and bounds, and the world's aerospace has entered the fast lane of innovation and development.
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party Central Committee has attached great importance to and cared about the development of aerospace industry, and incorporated the building of a space power into the overall planning of the great rejuvenation strategy of the Chinese nation.
General Secretary Xi Jinping has issued important instructions on many occasions, has sent congratulations on the progress of major aerospace projects, and met with representatives of participants in major projects such as lunar exploration projects and manned spaceflight projects.
These important instructions and instructions system explain a series of major issues in the development of the aerospace industry. They are distinctively contemporary, leading, and instructive, and provide fundamental follow-ups for building a powerful aerospace country.
The space launch carries China's "flying to the sky" dream.
In 2020, China carried out nearly 40 space launches and launched nearly 90 spacecraft. The total mass of the launched spacecraft reached a new high, reaching 103.06 tons, and the number of launches and launch load quality ranked second in the world.
In 2021, my country's annual space launches are expected to exceed 40 for the first time.
Long Lehao, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and the chief designer of the Long March series of rockets, said that my country's Long March launch vehicle has the world's first success rate, and its orbital accuracy and number of launches are world-class.
At the same time, the Long March series of carrier rockets have completed a hundred launches faster and faster-since the Long March 1 launched Dongfanghong 1 into space, the first 100 launches of the Long March series of carrier rockets took 37 years, and the second The first 100 times took 7 years and 6 months, and the third 100 times only took 4 years and 3 months.
This means that China's aerospace arena supported by rocket launches is becoming bigger and bigger.
The dream of "flying to the sky" launched by China's spaceflight is not only a dream of questioning the world, but also a dream of serving the earth.
Luan Enjie, former director of the National Space Administration, academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, and the first commander-in-chief of the lunar exploration project, pointed out that China's aerospace is doing "large aerospace", that is, to develop space science to explore outer space and to develop space applications.
Ask the world, China's journey towards the sea of stars is getting farther and farther.
From flying out of the earth to reaching the moon, and then realizing the leap from the Earth-Moon system to the interplanetary, China has left its mark on Mars for the first time.
At the beginning of this century, my country proposed a three-step plan for lunar exploration, "circumnavigation, landing, and return". On December 17, 2020, the Chang'e-5 returner will return to Earth with lunar samples. China will not drop targets, exceed budgets, and delay time. , The "three steps" of the lunar exploration project was successfully completed, and a blueprint was implemented to the end.
Chang'e-5 is one of my country's most complicated space missions so far, making my country the third country to return samples from the moon. It also means that mankind has obtained lunar samples again in 44 years.
Luan Enjie pointed out that the process of completing the "three-step" and perfect ending of the lunar exploration project is the process of my country's transition from a major aerospace power to a powerful aerospace power.
The next stop after the moon is Mars.
my country's first Mars exploration mission was established in 2016. At 7:18 on May 15, 2021, the Tianwen-1 probe successfully landed on Mars.
This means that for the first time in the world's space history, my country has achieved the three goals of circumnavigating, landing and patrolling Mars through a single mission, and at the same time became the second country in the world that successfully landed on Mars and carried out inspections.
Xu Hongliang, a spokesman for the National Space Administration, said that this marks my country's entry into the world's advanced ranks in the field of planetary exploration.
Not only do "Chang'e" fly to the moon and "Heavenly Questions" to go to the fire, China's "Flying to Heaven" plan intends to allow more "Jade Rabbits" and "Zhu Rong" to seek out space.
In 1992, the Party Central Committee decided to launch a "three-step" development strategy for the manned space project. At present, my country has steadily advanced to the third stage, which is to build a space station to solve the problem of large-scale, long-term manned space applications.
The Chinese stay in space for longer and longer.
In 2003, Yang Liwei, "the first man to fly in China," took about 21 hours to travel in space.
Today, three astronauts will stay in the Tianhe core module for three months.
This means that China's questioning of space is getting deeper and deeper.
▲ Schematic diagram of the space station Image courtesy of China's manned spaceflight
Serving the earth, China is surrounded by "stars".
It is understood that there are currently more than 300 application satellites in orbit in my country, forming a space infrastructure consisting of navigation, communication, and remote sensing satellite systems.
The navigation satellite system represented by Beidou-3, the communication satellite system represented by the satellites of Zhongxing, Asia-Pacific, and Tiantong, and the remote sensing satellite system represented by the series of satellites such as wind, resources, ocean, environmental disaster reduction, and high score. , A relatively complete satellite application system has been constructed, which strongly supports the comprehensive application of various industries.
Among them, the high-score project was fully launched in 2010, which has improved my country’s ability to independently obtain high-resolution observation data, accelerated the construction of space information application systems, and promoted satellite technology to serve the national economy and people’s livelihoods. It is used in modern agriculture, disaster prevention and mitigation, resource investigation, and environmental protection. Protection and other fields have played an important role.
The Beidou satellite navigation system is a wonderful case in which my country has completed the development of other global satellite navigation systems for more than 40 years in more than 20 years.
It makes our country the third country to build a global satellite navigation system after the GPS of the United States and GLONASS of Russia.
And compared with other navigation systems, the Beidou system performs better in terms of positioning accuracy and constellation configuration. Its biggest feature is the original "short message communication" function.
Xu Ying, a researcher at the Institute of Aerospace Information Innovation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and a Beidou navigation system scientist, likes to assume that if a person drifts to a deserted island, if he uses GPS, he can only know his position and cannot seek rescue; if the Beidou system of our country is used, not only Knowing where you are, you can also send short messages to people thousands of miles away for help.
Today, Beidou Navigation not only provides all-weather, all-time, high-precision positioning and navigation timing services for users around the world, but also integrates with infrastructure such as electricity, finance, and communications, and is widely used in transportation, agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, weather forecasting, emergency rescue, etc. field.
According to Yang Changfeng, chief designer of Beidou satellite navigation system engineering, Beidou has “swiftly penetrated into every corner of life and vigorously penetrated into every social scene”.
The inexhaustible impetus to move from a space power to a space power
The innovative achievements of aerospace science and technology have greatly inspired the Chinese people’s innovative beliefs and confidence.
The characteristics of independent innovation, the advantages of a new nationwide system, and the aerospace spirit presented in the development of the aerospace industry have provided powerful incentives for innovation and creation in the entire society.
First, my country’s aerospace industry has gone from starting from scratch to creating “firsts” that fill the gaps in the country one after another. It has embarked on a road of self-reliance, hard work, and independent innovation with Chinese characteristics, which strongly proves that the technology and ability of independent innovation is climbing technology. The "ballast stone" of the peak.
"Aerospace technology is the country’s important weapon, and an important indicator of a country’s technological level and overall national strength. We must always adhere to independence and control in core and key areas. History has repeatedly warned us: The key core technology is whether to come, buy, or change. If it doesn’t come, only independent innovation, self-reliance and self-reliance can firmly hold the initiative of development in one’s own hands.” Wu Yansheng, Secretary of the Party Leadership Group and Chairman of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, said that the development history of China’s aerospace industry is a constant A history of independent innovation of breakthroughs and continuous surpassing.
Take manned spaceflight as an example. In the 1990s, my country's economic foundation was still relatively weak. In the face of high-investment, high-difficulty, and high-risk manned spaceflight projects, the Party Central Committee made a major strategic decision to implement manned spaceflight projects.
In the face of some countries deliberately imposing strict technical blockade on our country, we are determined to follow the path of independent development.
In the past 30 years, the participants in manned spaceflight have insisted on self-reliance and independent innovation. From one person a day to multiple people multiple days, from in-cabin experiments to out-of-cabin activities, from single-ship flight to stable operation of composites, they have broken through a large number of core and Key technologies, consolidate and improve space rendezvous and docking technologies, and promote the construction of space laboratories and space stations, so that my country’s space technology development has entered the international advanced ranks.
Second, aerospace is an innovation of great integration and linkage, and it needs to always focus on research and collaborative innovation.
This has also made aerospace a successful model for leveraging the advantages of the new nationwide system and organizing large-scale national collaboration.
According to Wu Yanhua, deputy director of the National Space Administration, the aerospace industry is a career of one arrow for a thousand people and a gun for every ten thousand people.
China's aerospace industry has received strong support from the entire nation. The success of the aerospace industry is the result of the systematic and effective organization of national scientific and technological forces under the strong leadership of the party, vigorous coordination, close cooperation, and overcoming difficulties.
The success of each major task is the result of the concerted efforts of thousands of scientific and technological workers from at least thousands of units across departments, regions, and disciplines.
Taking the Beidou satellite navigation system as an example, the project has mobilized more than 400 units and more than 300,000 scientific and technological personnel across the country to participate in the development and construction, and overcome more than 160 key core technologies such as inter-satellite links and high-precision atomic clocks, breaking through 500 The localization of components for the remaining seeds has been developed, and the localization rate of the core components of the Beidou-3 satellite has reached 100%.
Third, the aerospace spirit that Chinese astronauts have courageously climbed the summit and continued to move forward is the spiritual support for the building of a space power.
Yuan Jie, Secretary of the Party Leadership Group and Chairman of China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation, said that since its birth, China’s aerospace industry has always adhered to the leadership of the party, obeyed the call of the party, obeyed the command of the party, and cast its own development into the party and the country. During the great journey of career development, a number of heroes and role models such as Qian Xuesen have emerged. They have created the spirit of "two bombs and one star" and the spirit of manned spaceflight in different eras, and the spirit of the new era of Beidou and the spirit of lunar exploration since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. Together, they will become the most fundamental, deepest and most lasting spiritual force to promote the innovative development of China's aerospace industry.
Take the lunar exploration project as an example. From the approval of the project in 2004 to 2020, the three-step plan of the lunar exploration project "circumnavigation, fall, and return" came to a successful conclusion. Over the past 17 years, all personnel involved in the development and construction of the lunar exploration project have vigorously promoted the pursuit of dreams, The spirit of exploring the moon with the courage to explore, coordinating fortifications, and win-win cooperation, constantly climbing new technological peaks, and making new contributions to building a powerful aerospace country and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
"The aerospace spirit has inherited the excellent traditional culture of the Chinese nation, and condensed the selfless dedication of several generations of astronauts, and has become a valuable spiritual asset for the construction of a modern and powerful socialist country in the new era. Carrying forward the profound aerospace spirit is an inexhaustible driving force for building a strong aerospace country. "Said Wu Weiren, chief designer of the lunar exploration project and academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering.
Aerospace dream helps rejuvenate the dream of a powerful country
Entering the new era, China Aerospace is aligned with the world's first-class, focusing on the goal of becoming a powerful country, and facing new and heavier tests.
Zhang Kejian, director of the National Space Administration, said that the world's aerospace is entering an era of great development, space science is gestating major discoveries, space technology is rapidly iterative and breakthroughs, space applications continue to expand, deep space exploration has become the commanding heights of technological competition, and space economy has become an emerging economy. Format.
The world's major aerospace powers continue to strengthen top-level planning, policy guidance, and capital investment in the aerospace sector, plan to implement a large number of major aerospace innovation projects such as the "Artemis" plan, vigorously support the development of commercial aerospace, and strive to build a competitive advantage in the space sector.
In order to respond to changes in the international situation and meet the needs of domestic development, China Aerospace urgently needs to improve its independent and controllable innovation and development capabilities, focus on cutting-edge scientific exploration and research capabilities, strong and sustainable economic and social development service capabilities, effective and reliable national security capabilities, and scientific efficiency. Modern governance capabilities, mutual benefit and win-win international exchanges and cooperation capabilities.
Zhang Kejian said that during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period and in the future, China Aerospace will continue to leverage the advantages of the new nationwide system, increase independent innovation efforts, and accelerate the promotion of space science, space technology, and space applications in accordance with the country's decision and deployment for building a space power. Comprehensive development, focusing on improving aerospace science and technology innovation power, economic and social development support capabilities, and actively carrying out more extensive international exchanges and cooperation.
——Continue to implement major scientific and technological projects to enhance the overall strength of aerospace.
China Aerospace will closely integrate the country's major strategic needs, focus on strategic directions and key areas, and focus on major projects such as planetary exploration, lunar exploration, manned spaceflight, heavy launch vehicles, and reusable space-to-earth transportation systems.
Focusing on further improving my country's ability to enter and exit space, use space, and recognize space, accelerate the planning of new directions such as international lunar research stations and solar system marginal exploration, drive group breakthroughs in common key technologies of multiple disciplines and industries, and effectively enhance my country's comprehensive aerospace strength.
In terms of planetary exploration, it is clear that before 2030, with Mars exploration as the focus and main line, it will be carried out in accordance with the route of "achieving a round tour in one step and completing the sampling back in two steps", and the follow-up plan is to implement a Mars sampling and return mission.
At the same time, it also plans to carry out missions such as asteroid exploration and Jupiter system exploration.
In terms of lunar exploration, promote the implementation of the fourth phase of the lunar exploration project.
During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period and in the future, my country will launch the Chang'e-6 and Chang'e-7 probes to carry out missions such as environmental and resource surveys in the lunar polar regions, and sampling and return of the lunar polar regions.
In the follow-up, Chang'e 8 will be developed and launched, and it will work with Chang'e 7 to serve the exploration mission of the lunar research station.
In terms of manned spaceflight, in 2022, my country will build a long-term manned space station, carry out long-term astronauts, space science experiments, space station platform maintenance and other work, and promote follow-up missions to deepen the demonstration and key technology research.
——Continuously enhance satellite application service capabilities to support economic and social development.
China Aerospace has become a new driving force serving the economic and social development.
At present, my country has formed a complete system of "arrows, bullets, stars, ships, weapons, and stations", and has cultivated new economic growth points represented by satellite applications.
During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, my country will continue to improve the national civil space infrastructure and supporting ground facilities in accordance with the requirements of the country's new infrastructure construction, and enhance the service capabilities of satellite earth observation, communications and broadcasting, and navigation and positioning.
In terms of service economic development, accelerate the penetration and integration of advanced aerospace technologies into various fields and industries of the national economy.
Promote the transformation of remote sensing, communications, and Beidou navigation from technology research and development, test applications to industrial promotion and commercial operation, and support the construction of a modern economic system.
Develop new information consumer products and services for mass consumption, enrich application scenarios, improve the quality of production and life of the masses, and promote the development of aerospace strategic emerging industries.
In terms of cultivating new drivers of development, combined with regional development strategies, focus on the development of regional industrial clusters such as high-end aerospace manufacturing and space information applications, forming a development pattern featuring rational division of labor, complementary advantages, organic convergence, and win-win cooperation.
Expand the scope of national procurement of commercial aerospace products and services, increase policy support, cultivate leading enterprises, and promote the healthy and orderly development of commercial aerospace.
Give better play to the effective market and the role of the government, strengthen policy coordination and support, and promote the integration of industry and finance, and the integration of research and application.
In terms of service governance capability improvement, focusing on the construction needs of Ping An China, Beautiful China and Digital China, strengthen the development of satellite data products and services in various fields of the national economy, such as natural resources and ecological environment, disaster prevention and mitigation and emergency response, social management and public services. In-depth application helps to improve the modernization of government governance capabilities.
——Expand space cooperation and exchanges to enhance the common well-being of mankind.
Outer space is the common wealth of mankind, and exploring, developing, and peacefully using outer space is the common pursuit of mankind.
my country is committed to in-depth international exchanges and cooperation in the field of outer space.
In terms of engineering cooperation, promote the deepening of the demonstration and technical research of the international lunar scientific research station, and promote the joint development of satellite projects such as the Sino-Italian Electromagnetic 02 satellite, the Sino-French astronomical satellite, and the Sino-Brazil Earth Resources follow-up satellite as planned, and promote the sharing and application of satellite data.
In terms of serving the world, continue to improve the service capabilities and levels of space infrastructure and commercial launches, actively promote the construction of the "Belt and Road" space information corridor and the BRICS remote sensing satellite constellation, provide high-quality space information services, and jointly respond to global climate change , The risk of near-Earth asteroid impact and other common challenges.
In terms of promoting exchanges, give full play to the role of multilateral and bilateral mechanisms, support the construction of the Hainan International Space City exchange platform, and encourage scientific research institutions, aerospace companies, colleges and universities to actively carry out scientific research, academic exchanges, exhibitions, and talent training. Exchange and cooperation.
In terms of international communication, with the help of aerospace, a topic of common concern for all mankind, promote the deep integration of the hard power of aerospace science and technology with the soft power of Chinese culture, tell the story of China's aerospace to the outside world, spread the voice of China, and contribute to building a community with a shared future for mankind.
"The starry sky is vast, and the exploration is endless. The baton of building a space power has been handed over to our generation of astronauts. The entire space line will be more closely united around the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, keeping in mind the mission, strengthening responsibility, and forging ahead. , Pursue excellence, and strive unremittingly for the Chinese dream of building a powerful aerospace country and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation." Zhang Kejian said.
(Text | "Liaowang" News Weekly reporter Hu Yongshun Wei Yuhong)
Manned Space Engineering "Flying" Course