The Chinese Communist Party History Exhibition Hall was recently opened to the public. In its first exhibition-"Don’t Forget Your Original Heart, Keep Your Mission in Mind", the Chinese Communist Party History Exhibition not only contains historical relics full of traces of time, but also high-tech exhibits full of the breath of the times—— Lunar soil collected on the surface of the moon, shrimp and altered bedrock collected thousands of meters deep in the Mariana Trench...
Li Zongyuan, deputy curator of the Chinese Communist Party History Exhibition Hall, said that a hundred years ago, we were the “sick man of East Asia” who were slaughtered by others. The great dream of catching turtles.
These exhibits fully demonstrate our country's great historical leap from standing up to becoming rich and then becoming strong under the leadership of the party.
From looking at the ocean and sighing to 10,000-meter deep diving, from looking at the stars to the moon to explore the fire, on the road to dreaming of the stars and the sea, the Chinese have written miracles one after another with hard work and sweat, and continue to advance to the deeper and farther unknowns of mankind. .
Retrieving the lunar soil itself is the best embodiment of a country’s scientific and technological capabilities
Lunar soil cannot grow vegetables, what can it be used for?
In addition to the nuclear fusion material helium-3, what other resources can we use?
On December 19 last year, the National Space Administration formally handed over the precious gift brought back by Chang'e-5-Lunar Soil to the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Astronomical Observatory.
Various questions about Lunar Soil are being solved one by one in the laboratory.
1731 grams!
This is the total weight of the lunar soil brought back by Chang'e-5.
This number is an extremely rich research resource for relevant domestic researchers.
Ouyang Ziyuan, the first chief scientist of the Chinese Lunar Exploration Project, still remembers that he first came into contact with the lunar soil in the 1970s.
Due to the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States, the United States gave China a 1 gram sample of lunar rock, and the country allocated half of it for scientific research by researchers such as Ouyang Ziyuan.
0.5 grams, so small that you can only see it with a magnifying glass.
But for Chinese researchers who could only explore space by analyzing meteorite specimens, it is already invaluable.
In order to make full use of the samples, the researchers racked their brains to arrange non-destructive studies first, and then do destructive studies. Some studies even only used a few powders.
The Nuclear Research Institute, the Institute of Metallurgy...all research directions were involved. With 0.5 gram samples, Ouyang Ziyuan and colleagues from various laboratories across the country published 14 papers in one go for more than 4 months.
The first-hand sample is the best research object for any discipline.
Because only one-handed things are more likely to produce original results.
Without samples, only the data obtained from foreign literature can be used for research, which is very limited.
However, the acquisition of first-hand samples is not easy. For some disciplines, advanced acquisition equipment and instruments are necessary.
The Chinese often put the "nine days to capture the moon" and "the five oceans to catch a turtle" side by side, because the "deepness" of the deep sea is as difficult to reach as the "distance" of space.
According to Peng Xiaotong, chief scientist of the Institute of Deep Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, the deep sea is a place in the ocean with a depth of more than 6000 meters.
In seawater, for every 10 meters deep, the pressure on the object is one more standard atmosphere.
Diving to a depth of 10,000 meters, the pressure it bears is equivalent to pressing a weight of 1 ton on an area the size of a fingernail, and most scientific research equipment can't stand it.
Therefore, even if a scientist has an idea, if there is no equipment developed by engineering technology to support it, further in-depth research cannot be carried out.
In the past, because there was no means for deep-sea survey operations, China's marine scientific research lags far behind internationally.
"Before, because we didn't have the equipment, we couldn't go out, and it was difficult to dive deep, let alone see anything, and couldn't get it up. We can only look at the ocean and sigh." Xu Kuidong, a researcher at the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, said with emotion, "How did we do deep seas before? What about biological sampling? It can be said to be blind towing. It is dragged on the bottom of the sea for 20 minutes through a net or a crawling net similar to that used to tow rocks. A lot of equipment is often lost. We lost two equipment in one voyage and three were broken. ."
Precisely because first-hand samples are rare, in the opinion of Zheng Yongchun, a researcher at the National Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the significance of the lunar soil is not only in scientific research.
Because the fact of being able to retrieve the lunar soil is already the best embodiment of a country's scientific and technological capabilities.
Zhang Renhe, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said: "Whether it is manned spaceflight or manned deep diving, it represents the level of scientific and technological development of a country. This kind of high-tech can not be bought with more money."
The successful sea trial of the Struggler adds a pair of powerful wings to marine scientists
Sun Jiadong, the chief designer of the Chinese lunar exploration project, once said to Ouyang Ziyuan: "I can't go to the moon, my grandson is responsible, but what to look at, what to pay attention to, what to take, and what to solve when you get to the moon, that's your business." This guarantee is not only Sun Jiadong’s promise to Ouyang Ziyuan, but also a promise of an increasingly powerful country to tens of millions of scientific researchers.
The improvement of equipment and detection technology have provided powerful data and sample support for scientific research.
On May 30, 2019, China’s first batch of deep-sea samples was made public. 6062 samples covered 8 categories, including polymetallic nodules, hydrothermal polymetallic ore, and deep-drilled cores, providing important information for scientists in the deep-sea field in my country. Survey data.
In December of that year, another precious deep-sea gift—a section of the gravity pillar of sediment from the Mariana Trench was shared free of charge to 19 research teams in related fields from more than 10 units across the country.
Such precious samples are also obtained for the first time in the world.
Such a large-scale scientific research sharing made the researchers present very excited.
In November last year, China's self-developed all-sea deep manned submersible "Struggle" conducted a 10,000-meter deep dive in the Mariana Trench.
Sitting in the cockpit, in addition to the two professional submariners, there is also a female researcher He Lisheng from the Institute of Deep Sea Science and Engineering of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Prior to this dive, He Lisheng had several deep dive experiences and boarded all the current manned submersibles in my country.
Regarding her luck, He Lisheng said: "We must cherish the great opportunities of the times. The successful sea trials of the'Striver' all-sea deep manned submersible will undoubtedly add a pair of strong wings to our marine scientists."
"Jiaolong", "Deep Sea Warrior", "Struggle" deep-sea manned submersibles, "Haidou", "Qianlong", "Haiyan", "Haiyi", "Hailong" unmanned submersibles... this one by one The name highlights the development and perfection of China's deep-sea equipment technology.
In 1986, China's first manned submersible was successfully developed, and its diving depth was only 300 meters.
In 2012, China's self-designed "Jiaolong" manned submersible successfully dived to 7062 meters, giving China the ability to carry people to more than 99.8% of the world's ocean depths for operations.
From 300 meters to 7062 meters, in less than 30 years, the Chinese have made breakthroughs one after another in the field of deep-sea equipment.
In March 2018, China launched the second-generation manned submersible "Deep Sea Warrior". Compared with the "Jiaolong", the "Deep Sea Warrior" has a higher localization rate, reaching 95%. The core equipment such as the manned cabin is also Realized localization.
In March 2021, the 10,000-meter manned submersible "Struggle" was born, which not only refreshed the deep diving depth again, but also achieved a lot of "created in China", with a localization rate of more than 96.5% of its core components.
Yang Rui, the person in charge of the "Struggle" manned cabin project and a researcher at the Institute of Metal Research of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, proudly stated that the "Struggle" is no longer localized, but domestically produced. The word "hua" can also be removed.
Why do you say that?
Because this is the original achievement of China.
In accordance with the target size and thickness requirements of the "Struggle" manned cabin, to withstand the pressure of 10,000 meters of sea depth, it is necessary to use a high-strength, high-toughness, and weldable titanium alloy material.
This material has no precedent for manufacturing in the world, and no foreign manufacturer can produce it.
A team composed of many domestic companies and research institutes has overcome the technical bottleneck of material manufacturing through arduous experiments and developed a new type of titanium alloy material created by China.
80% of the new materials are developed under the traction of space technology
In the opinion of Bai Chunli, the former president of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, China is able to conquer some key core technologies and has several advantages: first, we have a very good nationwide system to tackle key problems together; second, we have a large market; third, We have a large number of R&D personnel, and China's talents engaged in research and development are also number one in the world.
The "Tianwen-1" fire detection, the successful docking of Shenzhou 12 with the space station, the "Struggle" 10,000-meter deep dive, and the world's deepest underground laboratory results... The completion depends on the cooperation of big countries with teamwork.
Hu Zhen, deputy chief designer of the "Struggle", said: "At the beginning of the "Jiaolong" project, it was very difficult to process only one component in China. It required thousands of choices to find a suitable supplier. But in the deep sea "Warrior", what kind of material I want, what shape I want to process, what kind of precision and characteristics are required, basically can be achieved. To the "struggle", what materials do we need, what corresponding parts need to be processed And equipment, there are already many manufacturers that can independently research and develop, or even directly provide samples."
"There is a kind of hunger that makes the motherland think you are hungry." In the past few days, the space recipes of the three astronauts in the space station have attracted widespread attention on the Internet.
Fish-flavored pork shreds, kung pao chicken, quinoa osmanthus porridge... these rich dishes are packed in a container with high barrier properties and will not deteriorate for three months.
This kind of container is the research and development result of a private enterprise in Taizhou City, Zhejiang Province. It is not only light in weight and suitable for long-distance transportation, but also can effectively block oxygen, water vapor and ultraviolet rays, so that the shelf life of food can reach one year without adding preservatives. the above.
The company has also successfully realized the localization of complete sets of automated intelligent production equipment for containers, breaking the technological monopoly of advanced countries in this field.
It is precisely with such a domestic production line that more and more hometown dishes can be included in the space recipes of Chinese astronauts.
The world's first aerospace microwave oven developed by Galanz, the space food processing, drinking water purification system that Joyoung participated in, and the aircraft medical cold storage box developed by Haier... These familiar household appliances brands in China have made the Chinese space station a comfortable and convenient place. "Space House".
According to the person in charge of the aerospace microwave oven development project, the aerospace microwave oven must be able to withstand the high-frequency oscillations of the launch, be small in size, light in weight, fast in heating, and must be guaranteed to last for ten years.
To this end, the team started to develop the project in 2011, creatively using fasteners, one-piece molding and other innovative techniques, and specially made a frequency conversion microwave power supply. In the space station, three astronauts can eat hot meals in 7 minutes.
A series of research and development achievements in deep space and deep sea exploration have further promoted the technological advancement of domestic related industries.
The various high-performance equipment required for deep-sea probes have improved the technical level of enterprises in related fields.
For example, the high-performance deep-sea lithium battery developed for the Struggle has driven the level of domestic lithium battery production, testing and other industries through its R&D and production process, and advanced production technology is expected to be promoted and applied to future electric vehicles.
Some high-tech applications in aerospace engineering have driven the development of industries such as information, new energy, and new materials.
Wu Weiren, the chief designer of China's lunar exploration project, said that 80% of the more than 1,100 new materials in my country have been developed under the traction of space technology, and thousands of space technology achievements have been widely used in satellite communications and navigation, weather forecasting and other fields.
Diapers, instant noodles and vegetable wraps, dried fruits...These things that people often come into contact with are products that use high-end aerospace science and technology such as liquid-gas separation, food dehydration, and satellite communications into daily life.
Author: Yahui