Manned Spaceflight: In the era of the dream space station, the "God Twelve" arrow is on the string
The launch of the Tianhe Core Module is just a new beginning, and this is only the first step in the Long March.
The core module of Tianhe needs to conduct multiple verifications of key technologies in orbit, and after verification, it is necessary to conduct an on-orbit evaluation before assembly and construction.
—— Chief Designer of the Manned Space Station System of the Fifth Academy of Yanghong Aerospace Science and Technology Group, Chief Designer of Tianhe Core Module
◎Reporter Cui Shuang
At this moment, the combination of the Shenzhou 12 manned spacecraft and the Long March 2 F Yao 12 carrier rocket is standing quietly at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center.
According to the plan, it will set off again for a manned mission and send three astronauts to the Tianhe core module of the Chinese space station.
On April 29, the space station Tianhe core module was successfully launched, and the orbital assembly and construction of the Chinese space station was in full swing.
As the first spacecraft in the construction phase of my country's manned space project space station, the launch of the Tianhe core module means that the Chinese have a "home" in space.
Since the establishment of the project on September 21, 1992, 11 Shenzhou spacecraft, Tiangong-1 target aircraft, Tiangong-2 space laboratory, Tianzhou-1 cargo spacecraft, space station Tianhe core cabin, Tianzhou-2 cargo spacecraft... China The manned space industry is self-reliant, overcome difficulties, and overcomes each key technology of manned spaceflight, finally entering the space station era.
"God Five" lifted into the sky, Chinese people realize their thousand-year dream of flying
The manned spaceflight project is a national key project with the largest system composition and the most complex technology in the history of my country's spaceflight.
On September 21, 1992, the central government reviewed and approved the development of my country's manned spaceflight project (code-named 921 project), and clarified my country's "three-step" development strategy for manned spaceflight.
The first step is to launch a manned spacecraft, build a preliminary supporting pilot manned spacecraft project, and carry out space application experiments; the second step is to break through the rendezvous and docking technology of manned spacecraft and space vehicles, launch a space laboratory, and solve a certain scale The problem of short-term human-care space applications; the third step is to build a space station to solve the problem of large-scale, long-term human-care space applications.
On November 20, 1999, the Shenzhou 1 spacecraft was launched into orbit by the Long March 2 F carrier rocket at the manned space launch site of the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center; on November 21, the Shenzhou 1 spacecraft’s return capsule successfully landed in Siziwang Banner, Inner Mongolia. area.
This is the first flight test of a manned space project. It has assessed the performance and reliability of the launch vehicle, verified the correctness of the key technology and system design of the spacecraft, as well as ground facilities and equipment including launch sites, measurement and control communications, and landing sites. The coordination of the entire engineering system.
On October 15, 2003, Chinese astronaut Yang Liwei aboard the Shenzhou-5 spacecraft was launched into orbit by the Long March 2F carrier rocket; he flew for 21 hours in orbit and returned safely on October 16, successfully achieving "successful launch, precise measurement and control" , Normal operation, safe return" mission objectives.
The dream of flying to the sky for a thousand years has come true, and my country has become the third country in the world to independently master manned space technology.
Yang Liwei, the first flying man in China, still remembers the day when he set out on behalf of the motherland.
The spacecraft is expected to be launched at exactly 9 o'clock in the morning, and the entry time is 6:15.
When the clock points to 6 o'clock in the morning, there are still 15 minutes before entering the cabin, a dozen minutes, which is extremely long for Yang Liwei.
At that time, he was already on the launch platform with a height of more than 50 meters. The platform was quite narrow and there was no other work to do. There were three people besides him on the scene: an instructor, an engineer and a doctor.
Several people were silent, only hearing the mechanical sound of the tower.
The rocket has been refilled, with a full 430 tons of fuel, which is equivalent to a giant bomb, and these four people are the people standing on top of the bomb.
In the distance, several cameras were facing them, the atmosphere was a bit stagnant, and everyone was very nervous.
At this time, one of the staff members suggested to tell Yang Liwei a joke in order to ease the atmosphere, but no one could tell it.
After a while, the engineer responsible for closing the hatch opened his mouth, and he asked Yang Liwei: "Do you know what the engineer who closed the hatch for the Soviet astronaut Gagarin was doing now?"
Yang Liwei replied: "I really don't know."
The engineer said: "He is now the curator of the Russian Space Museum."
At 6:15, Yang Liwei received the order to enter the cabin.
After entering the cabin, he spent ten minutes to complete the procedure of receiving the spacecraft and handed the confirmation sheet to the engineer.
Before closing the cabin door, the engineer said to Yang Liwei: "Liwei, see you tomorrow."
Yang Liwei smiled and replied, "Director, see you tomorrow."
Behind the few short questions and answers is silent understanding and trust.
After Yang Liwei returned to the voyage successfully, he met the engineer again at the welcome ceremony. They smiled and hugged to celebrate the complete success of China's first manned flight.
Yang Liwei said to the engineer: "Let's meet again, curator."
This engineer has been called the "curator" by Yang Liwei.
Continue to struggle, manned spaceflight, one step at a time
The time came on October 12, 2005. Two astronauts Fei Junlong and Nie Haisheng were launched into orbit on the Shenzhou-6 spacecraft by the Long March 2 F carrier rocket.
On October 16, the return capsule of the Shenzhou VI spacecraft returned safely.
That mission achieved the mission goal of "successful launch, normal flight, safe return, and healthy exit of astronauts". It broke through and mastered the key technology of manned spacecraft's "multi-person, multi-day" in-orbit flight, and accumulated human beings in space for a long time. The valuable experience of time resident has further improved the reliability and safety of the whole engineering system.
Three years later, on September 25, 2008, three astronauts Zhai Zhigang, Liu Boming, and Jing Haipeng were launched into orbit on the Shenzhou-7 spacecraft by the Long March 2 F carrier rocket.
On September 27th, astronaut Zhai Zhigang successfully carried out my country's first space out of the cabin.
The mission achieved the mission goal of "accurately on track, normal operation, successful exiting activities, and safe and healthy return".
In that mission, China broke through and mastered the technology of space out of the cabin, and achieved another major leap in the development of space technology.
That was Jing Haipeng's first manned space flight mission.
At that time, he didn't know that he would fly to space with Shenzhou 9 and Shenzhou 11 for the second and third time.
During the three manned space missions, Jing Haipeng was in better condition than the other.
He once publicly talked about the feeling of flying three times, the first time it was "excitement", the second time it was "happiness", and the third time it was "enjoyment".
The focus of the "God Seven" mission is to exit the cabin.
Jing Haipeng had already gotten a lot of energy after the "Shenzhou VI" mission, and formulated a "devil training plan". He spent 3 years studying theories seriously, especially in the low-pressure cabin, extravehicular service theory and operational skills. Focus on preparation.
After a long and arduous effort, he finally joined hands with his comrades Zhai Zhigang and Liu Boming to realize the dream of space in 2008.
At that time, it had been 10 years since he joined the astronaut team.
After ten years of hard work and courage, Jing Haipeng did not dare to slack off: "It's too easy for people to swell." After the task triumphed, the first thing he did was to "return to zero", to return to zero grades and zero mentality.
The implementation of the "Shen Nine" mission is facing my country's first manual rendezvous and docking, which is a new challenge for all astronauts and trainers.
According to the training plan, each astronaut can arrange docking training twice a week during the common subject training period, each time of about 1 hour.
Jing Haipeng's plan for himself is that no matter how busy or tired the training is, he must set aside one hour for additional training every night and one and a half day for additional training every weekend.
In this way, from 2009 to 2012, before the "Shen Nine" task assessment, he had practiced more than 2,000 times, which was twice the number specified in the textbook syllabus.
Hard work pays off.
On June 16, 2012, Jing Haipeng led Liu Yang and Liu Wang to space again, realizing his dream of flying to the sky for the second time.
After returning to the ground, Jing Haipeng had his own plan in the face of the sound of "all merits being fulfilled" around him: he would rather prepare instead of using it than use it instead of using it.
He continued to devote himself to preparing for the "God Eleven" mission and was successfully selected into the crew again.
The "Shen Eleven" mission is the most scientific experiment among all manned space launches in my country. A total of 4 treadmill verification experiments were arranged, all of which were conducted in a simulated weightless environment.
In the first two experiments, Jing Haipeng and Chen Dong didn't find any feeling on the treadmill, and couldn't even walk. The participants in the sky and the ground were all stressed.
After repeated training and pondering the main points, finally, on the space running platform of the "God Eleven" mission, the people of the whole country jointly witnessed Jing Haipeng and Chen Dongziru running.
"Tianhe" set off to open a new era of space station
On September 29 and November 1, 2011, the Tiangong-1 target aircraft and the Shenzhou-8 spacecraft were successfully launched at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center by the improved Long March-2 F carrier rocket and accurately entered orbit.
On November 3 and November 14, the Tiangong-1 target aircraft and the Shenzhou-8 spacecraft conducted two space rendezvous and docking tests, and both achieved complete success, marking a major breakthrough in my country’s space rendezvous and docking technology and the construction of a space station for my country. Established a solid foundation for large-scale space applications.
Since then, in June 2012, the Shenzhou 9 astronaut Liu Wang, with the close cooperation of the other two astronauts Jing Haipeng and Liu Yang, manually controlled the Shenzhou 9 spacecraft to successfully dock with the Tiangong-1 target aircraft. China's manned spaceflight was fully integrated. Break through and master space rendezvous and docking technology.
With the conquering of space rendezvous and docking technology, China's manned spaceflight project is no longer a "one-man show" for Shenzhou spacecraft, but a "dancing duo" between Shenzhou and Tiangong has begun.
From one person a day to multiple people for multiple days, from in-vehicle experiments to space walks, from short-term stays to mid-term stays...Successive breakthroughs and masters of key technologies such as space travel, space out of space, rendezvous and docking, and China's manned spaceflight industry step by step Footprints, move forward steadily.
On April 29 this year, the China Space Station's core cabin Tianhe was launched into space and successfully entered orbit. The curtain on the construction of the China Space Station was opened.
Yang Hong, Chief Designer of Manned Space Station System of the Fifth Academy of Aerospace Science and Technology Group and Chief Designer of Tianhe Core Module, said: "The launch of Tianhe Core Module is just a new beginning. This is only the first step in the long march of Tianhe. The core cabin needs to undergo multiple verifications of key technologies in orbit, and after verification, an in-orbit evaluation is required before it can be assembled and constructed."
According to statistics, in the manned spaceflight project, there are hundreds of research institutes and units directly involved, as many as thousands of cooperating units, and hundreds of thousands of scientific research workers are involved.
"The implementation of such an ambitious project as manned spaceflight is unthinkable without the centralized leadership of the Party Central Committee and great national coordination." Zhou Jianping, the chief designer of manned spaceflight, once said.
Today, the space station’s Tianhe core module is lifted off, and China’s space station “builds up the first building block,” followed by the Tianzhou-2 cargo spacecraft, bringing propellants, platform equipment, application loads, and astronauts’ life needs.
The upcoming Shenzhou XII spacecraft will send Chinese astronauts into space.
Yang Liwei, deputy chief designer of China’s manned space engineering, previously revealed that the Shenzhou 12 manned spacecraft plans to send three astronauts into space. They will stay in orbit for three months to carry out extravehicular maintenance, equipment replacement, and science. A series of operations such as applying loads.
Yang Liwei wrote on Shenzhou V that "for the peace and progress of mankind, the Chinese have come to space."
Today, the Chinese are building their own "space house."