Transportation: Writing a magnificent epic towards a powerful country in transportation
A hundred years of flicks, a hundred years of magnificent waves, a hundred years of vicissitudes of life.
2021 is the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China.
Since the founding of New China, under the leadership of the party, my country's transportation infrastructure construction has achieved world-renowned achievements.
Roads, railways, bridges, tunnels, airports, wharves... They have witnessed the historical changes on the land of China and interpret the development of China's transportation.
Looking at the whole country, a road network that connects trunks and branches and extends in all directions has been formed. The air route network composed of 241 civil airports has become denser and denser. The "eight horizontal and eight vertical" high-speed rail network has also moved from a blueprint to reality.
These infrastructure networks, which are indispensable for social development, are becoming arteries on the territory of our great motherland, providing key support for promoting economic and social development, improving travel conditions, and improving people's living standards, and a solid step has been taken in building a strong transportation country.
Provide inexhaustible impetus for national development
Today, overlooking the motherland from the air, highways, railways, waterways...the crisscrossed transportation infrastructure network is densely distributed across the country's rivers north and south, providing inexhaustible impetus for the country's development.
However, at the beginning of the founding of New China, the total railway mileage across the country was only 22,000 kilometers; the highway mileage was only 81,000 kilometers without a single expressway; there were only 12 civil aviation routes... my country's road transportation is extremely backward, with people carrying animals and pigeons being the main transportation. Mode, the transportation supply capacity is seriously insufficient.
Under the condition that the development of other modes of transportation is seriously lagging behind, road transportation, as the foundation of economic development, has received attention and has been given priority for development.
"To get rich, build roads first." As a basic, leading, and strategic industry of the national economy, my country's transportation industry has undergone historic changes. The transportation infrastructure is speeding up to become a network, and transportation service capabilities are connected to a higher level for the development of the national economy. Played the role of "pioneer officer".
In order to allow roads to reach all parts of the motherland, since 1950, 110,000 road builders have been on the roof of the world with an average altitude of 4,000 meters, crossing the natural dangers of the Nu River, climbing the Hengduan Mountains, crossing the torrents of the sky, and overwhelming Kunlun. The Sichuan-Tibet Highway has created a miracle in the history of the world's highways.
Since the reform and opening up, various modes of transportation including high-speed railways, expressways, and urban rail operations in my country have achieved rapid development. The number of airports and pipeline mileage rank among the top in the world, becoming an important support for socialist modernization.
"Especially since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the development speed of the transportation industry has been changing with each passing day." Zhang Xiaodong, a professor at Beijing Jiaotong University, said that today, my country's transportation network is becoming more and more perfect, and multiple modes of transportation have achieved quality compared with 1949. Among them, highways and high-speed railways have become our bright business cards in the shining world.
According to data, as of the end of 2020, the national railway operating mileage is 146,000 kilometers, and the high-speed railway operating mileage is 38,000 kilometers, accounting for two-thirds of the world's high-speed railway operating mileage; the total national highway mileage is 5.198 million kilometers, and the expressway is open to traffic with 161,000 kilometers. The mileage ranks first in the world; there are 241 civil aviation certification airports in China, and 27 navigable airports with annual passenger throughput of more than 10 million; the national ports have 22,142 production berths, including berths of 10,000 tons and above 2,592, accounting for 11.7% of the total number of berths, ranking first in the world...
"It can be said that through years of development, my country's transportation industry has achieved a phased transition from'bottleneck restriction' to'overall relief' to'basic adaptation', which has provided strong support for the sustained and rapid development of the national economy. It is also gradually moving from a “transportation power” to a “transportation power”.” Zhang Xiaodong said that the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China made special arrangements for accelerating the construction of a transportation power. A powerful country in transportation, to be a good "pioneer" for building a modern socialist country in an all-round way.
Put the people's sense of gain in the first place
From “measurement with two feet” to “everyone who has a river and a road, everybody can drive”, from riding a steam train with a speed of 43 kilometers per hour to experiencing the “Fuxing” high-speed rail with a speed of 350 kilometers per hour, my country’s transportation industry has been realized in the past 100 years. With the earth-shaking changes, the common people are also sharing the dividends of transportation development.
"I have been in Beijing for so many years. This is the first time I took the high-speed rail back to Harbin. I am very excited." During the May 1st holiday this year, 39-year-old Zhang Xin took the high-speed rail back to his hometown of Harbin from Beijing. The distance of 1,198 kilometers was only It took more than four hours.
According to Zhang Xin, he has come to Beijing since he went to university in 2000. Since there were only ordinary speed trains between Beijing and Harbin, it took nearly 30 hours to get home.
"At that time, the hard-seat car aisles of the train were full of people during the holidays, and I was sweating when I went to the toilet. I still remember that feeling today."
The Beijing-Harbin Railway, which was opened to traffic in 1930, was one of the first trunk railways to be built in China, and it was also a major steel transportation channel supported by the northeast region for a long time. After the reform and opening up, China’s railway development accelerated. In December 2006, The first high-speed railway in mainland China-Qin-Shen Passenger Dedicated Railway, which is the first high-speed railway in mainland China, merged with the Beijing-Qin Railway and the Harbin-Shenyang section of the Beijing-Harbin Speed-up Line to form the second-generation Beijing-Harbin Railway. The time was pulled to within 8 hours; on January 22 this year, the Beijing-Harbin high-speed rail line was completed.
The shortest travel time from Beijing to Harbin was compressed to 4 hours and 52 minutes.
"The continuous development of the railway between Beijing and Harbin is a microcosm of the development of my country's transportation industry. More and more passengers are embarking on their journeys in a more comfortable way." said Sun Wenjian, spokesperson for the Ministry of Transport. With the development of the transportation industry, my country's transportation service capabilities have been released unprecedentedly, the overall outlook has undergone earth-shaking and profound changes, and world-renowned reform and development results have been achieved.
Statistics show that in the early days of the founding of New China, the total passenger traffic volume in my country was only less than 140 million person-times, and the passenger turnover volume was 15.5 billion person-kilometers. With the development of the economy and society and the liberalization of the passenger transportation market, passenger traffic increased rapidly.
Despite the impact of the new crown pneumonia epidemic, in 2020, the total number of passengers in the society was 9.665 billion, and the passenger turnover was 1,925.143 billion person-kilometers.
From the perspective of mode, in 2020, the railway passenger volume will be 2.203 billion person-times, and the passenger turnover volume will be 826.619 billion person-kilometers, which is 21 and 64 times that of the initial stage of the founding of New China; the highway commercial passenger volume will be 6.894 billion person-times and the passenger turnover volume will be 464.101 billion person-kilometers. , Respectively, are 381 times and 583 times of the initial period of the founding of New China; in 2020, the passenger volume of civil aviation was 418 million person-times, and the passenger turnover volume was 631.125 billion person-kilometers, which were 1547 times and 3411 times of the initial period of the founding of New China.
"Especially since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, my country's transportation industry has provided more and more high-quality travel services while the number of passengers has increased, and the people's sense of happiness and sense of gain has continued to increase." Sun Wenjian said, the next step , The transportation industry will adhere to the general keynote of the work of seeking progress while maintaining stability, adhere to the new development concept, and make every effort to promote the high-quality development of transportation, and stride forward to a strong transportation country.
Contribute innovation to the construction of a powerful transportation country
From the "one poor and two white" transportation infrastructure to the "Fuxing" EMU trains and domestic shield machines... Behind the continuous development of transportation, the solid guarantee of technological innovation is also inseparable.
On June 26, 2017, China's standard EMU "Fuxing", which has completely independent intellectual property rights and reached the world's advanced level, was launched in both directions from Beijing South Railway Station and Shanghai Hongqiao Railway Station.
"The successful development of the "Fuxing" signifies that China's high-speed rail EMU technology has entered a new stage of autonomy, standardization, and serialization, and has realized China's historic transformation from a chaser of advanced high-speed rail technology to a leader." China Railways Zhang Bo, deputy director of the Locomotive and Rolling Stock Research Institute of the Academy of Sciences, said that of the 254 important standards of the "Fuxing", 213 are Chinese standards. In addition, 96 major equipment of 11 systems also adopt unified Chinese standards and models.
Like the "Fuxing", the domestically-made shield machine, which has the world's leading technological level, has gradually become a shining "Chinese name card" in the world.
For a long period of time before, because the technical level was not enough, the tunnel excavation of my country's railways and subways could only rely on shield machines imported from abroad, which were not only expensive, but also very expensive for maintenance.
"Under the guidance of relevant national policies, China Railway Engineering Equipment Group developed China's first composite earth pressure balance shield machine in 2008, developed China's first hard rock shield machine in 2010, and developed China's first hard rock shield machine in 2015. The world’s first horseshoe shield machine, and set the world’s largest rectangular shield machine record three times in a row.” Wang Wei, a staff member of China Railway Engineering Equipment Group, said that in September last year, the “China Railway No. 1000” shield machine rolled off the assembly line in Zhengzhou. To 1, and then from 1 to 1,000, the production and sales volume of shield machines produced by China Railway Equipment Group ranked first in the world for four consecutive years.
"The Fourteenth Five-Year Plan puts scientific and technological innovation in the first place. The transportation industry will insist on technological innovation to empower transportation development, accelerate the promotion and application of the Beidou system in the transportation industry, create an advanced and practical transportation equipment system, and promote The application of containerized, van-shaped, standardized equipment, and the promotion and application of automated docks and other facilities and equipment." The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Transport said that the "14th Five-Year Plan" period is an important stage for accelerating the start and start of building a strong transportation country, and its significance And the role is very important.
The transportation department will cooperate with relevant departments to promote the development of 5G, data centers, artificial intelligence, etc., to help the common development of the industry, and to promote the implementation of a number of demonstration projects in conjunction with the construction of a strong transportation country to promote the efficient and orderly development of smart transportation.
(Our reporter Zi Qian)