China News Service, Beijing, June 5 (Reporter Sun Zifa) June 5th is World Environment Day. The Chinese Association for Science and Technology Eco-Environmental Industry-University Consortium released in Beijing the top ten scientific and technological progress of China’s ecological environment in 2020. Ten scientific and technological advances including "Zhonghe", "GEP Accounting" and "New Coronavirus Aerosol Research" were selected.
At the press conference, Lu Zhaoping, member of the Party Leadership Group and Secretary of the Secretariat of the China Association for Science and Technology, delivered a speech.
Photo by China News Agency reporter Sun Zifa
The newly released top ten scientific and technological progress of China's ecological environment in 2020 are:
——Research on China's long-term low-carbon development strategy that supports the decision-making of carbon peak carbon neutrality goals.
The Institute of Climate Change and Sustainable Development of Tsinghua University takes the lead in organizing more than 130 experts and scholars from 24 well-known research institutions in China to carry out research on low-carbon development strategies and transformation paths in economic, social, industrial, environmental, climate, policy and other fields.
This research is the first to comprehensively and systematically propose the transformation path (current policy, enhanced policy, 2 degrees Celsius and 1.5 degrees Celsius) under four long-term development scenarios including carbon neutral goals, as well as their carbon emission paths, technical requirements, economic costs and Quantitative assessment of environmental impacts reveals the comprehensive mechanism and laws of transformation goals, action timing and strength of measures, transformation effects and economic costs, and explains that China is simultaneously achieving the goals of socialist modernization in the new era and controlling global temperature under the Paris Agreement. To improve the consistency of the target, it proposes a path selection proposal to achieve carbon peak and carbon neutrality.
In October 2020, the Institute for Climate Change and Sustainable Development of Tsinghua University and various research institutes released research results, which are not only widely cited by Chinese and foreign research institutions, but also formulated carbon peak carbon neutral plans for Chinese government departments, localities, industries, and enterprises. Provide an important reference.
——The establishment of a future-oriented China sewage treatment concept plant.
The construction of a future-oriented Chinese sewage treatment concept plant is the industry forward direction proposed by Chinese scientists led by Qu Jiuhui, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering. It aims at "sustainable water quality, energy self-sufficiency, resource recycling, and environmental friendliness", and aims to establish sewage Deal with engineering examples of resource utilization, energy conversion, and ecologicalization, and explore the leapfrog development path of sewage treatment in technology and engineering construction.
After nearly 7 years of research and exploration, the concept factory technical team has built a technical system with more than 40 core key technologies.
In 2020, the third sewage treatment plant in Suixian County, Henan will be completed and put into operation. Several core key technologies have been verified by the project to realize the integrated treatment of sewage regeneration and organic waste (domestic garbage, sludge, livestock and poultry manure, etc.), wetland-sponge integration Energy, self-supply of more than 50% electric energy and nutrient recycling.
The construction of China's sewage treatment concept plant will promote the development of China's sewage treatment industry toward a circular, low-carbon, and ecological development path, and contribute to the carbon peak and carbon neutrality of the sewage treatment industry.
——The theory and method system of the development of the golden waterway and the ecological protection of rivers.
Peking University and other units are exploring the sustainable development of the global golden waterway in the research process of the national key R&D project "Research and Demonstration of Yangtze River Golden Channel Regulation Technology" and the Chinese Academy of Sciences Academician Consulting Project "Ecological Environmental Protection and Sustainable Development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt" The road is to construct a golden waterway identification method based on the natural and social and economic properties of the waterway; propose the three-stage theory of the golden waterway development, and clarify the classification standards and development characteristics of each stage.
The project team further focused on the key issues in the coordinated development of river navigation and ecosystem functions, and constructed a system of evaluation methods for the Yangtze River Golden Waterway, which was applied in the governance of many typical waterways.
Establish a system of monitoring-detection methods for all elements of the river to reveal the driving mechanism of changes in the total material flux of the Yangtze River (water, sand, inorganic elements, biogenic substances, emerging pollutants, greenhouse gases, benthic animals, algae, fish, microorganisms, etc.) , To propose a plan for long-term ecological environment monitoring and review throughout the entire process of ecological channel planning, construction, operation, and maintenance.
The research results of the project have been condensed into the report of the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ science and technology think tank and the academician’s consultation report, providing important scientific and technological support for the national "14th Five-Year" plan and the long-term development strategy decision-making of the future waterway development.
——Key technologies for path optimization of coordinated treatment of air pollution and climate change.
To scientifically understand the interaction and synergistic benefits of air pollution and climate change, high-quality source emission data is the scientific basis, and the precise coupling of climate evaluation models and air quality models is the key to the technology.
This project is mainly completed by the Tsinghua University team and has made major breakthroughs in three aspects:
The first is to develop a dynamic response model of emission source strength to economy, energy, and governance measures, and establish a multi-scale coupled air pollutant and greenhouse gas source emission inventory for detailed industries and technologies.
The second is to develop a real-time response model of environmental air quality to emissions control measures by industry and species, and break through the backcalculation technology of pollutant emission reduction under the goal of improving air environmental quality.
The third is to build an interdisciplinary comprehensive assessment model of energy economy-air quality-climate health, to achieve cost-benefit evaluation and path optimization of coordinated treatment measures for air pollution and climate change, and to evaluate the benefits of coordinated emission reduction of greenhouse gases under the path of achieving air quality standards. Quantify the health and climate impacts of low-carbon energy policies.
The research results support the development of the coordinated emission reduction of air pollutants and greenhouse gases, reveal the important effect of energy policy measures on the coordinated emission reduction of the two, and provide scientific and technological support for the development of air pollution control and climate change response.
——Gross Ecosystem Product (GEP) accounting method and application.
The GEP concept of ecosystem gross product value was proposed in 2013 by researcher Ouyang Zhiyun from the Eco-Environmental Research Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Zhu Chunquan from the World Conservation Union (IUCN). The sum of the final product and service value provided by sustainable economic and social development.
After proposing the GEP concept, Ouyang Zhiyun’s research team constructed a GEP accounting system and accounting model from three aspects: material products, regulatory service products, and non-material products, and developed an evaluation method that characterizes nature’s contribution to society and economy. It is applied to the calculation of the gross value of ecosystem production in Qinghai Province
Research shows that GEP accounting can quantitatively reveal the ecological relationship between ecosystem product and service providers and beneficiaries, and can provide a scientific basis for evaluating the effectiveness of ecological protection, formulating ecological compensation policies, and incorporating ecological benefits into the economic and social evaluation system.
It is understood that the GEP accounting method and its application results in Qinghai Province have been published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) in 2020, and the GEP concept was also adopted by the United Nations Statistics Agency as one of the ecosystem accounting indicators in the same year.
At the same time, the GEP accounting method, which has received widespread attention, has been piloted in 23 cities (states, leagues) and more than 100 counties (cities, districts) in China's many provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities.
——Key technologies and engineering applications of the national automatic monitoring of surface water environmental quality.
The main unit that completed the project, China Environmental Monitoring Station, has researched and established an automatic supervision technology system and carried out engineering application and promotion in response to the major needs of "national construction, national monitoring, and national assessment" for water environment management. The main innovations achieved include:
The first is to take the lead in automating the key aspects of quality control, and the quality control technology is continuously improved, and the timeliness is greatly improved; the second is to develop the national water environment automatic monitoring information management application system for the first time to realize the traces of the entire monitoring process, and build based on cluster analysis , Regression analysis, correlation analysis model and other methods of data analysis and processing system, to achieve automatic pre-audit and intelligent review of massive data; third, research and determine the technical parameters and technical requirements of key links such as network design, equipment selection, system integration, etc. , For the first time to systematically establish a standardized and standardized technical system for the national automatic monitoring of surface water environment to support the construction and operation and management of the national automatic monitoring network for water quality.
Based on innovative technological achievements, the project has built a national surface water environmental quality automatic monitoring network consisting mainly of domestically-made independent intellectual property instruments, and a national surface water environmental quality automatic monitoring network composed of 1,794 water stations, covering 31 provincial-level administrative regions and seven major river basins across the country. The most extensive, largest, and most complete automatic monitoring network for surface water quality.
The network can provide early warning of water environment risks, and the monitoring data can be used for national water environment quality assessment and assessment, providing strong technical support for the national surface water environment quality assessment, assessment, and ranking.
——The third scientific experiment on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau—observation of the boundary layer and troposphere.
After 8 years of overcoming difficulties, this project has scientifically experimented and innovatively developed the comprehensive observation technology of the multi-scale process of the land surface-boundary layer-troposphere and the physical process of cloud-precipitation on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, realizing the integrated observation technology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. An important breakthrough, filling many gaps in meteorological observation operations in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and achieving important innovations in the development of remote sensing inversion algorithms and model parameterization schemes for key water cycle variables, and revealing important observation facts and physical processes.
The main contents of the project’s innovative achievements include: revealing the unique land-boundary layer-tropospheric cloud precipitation physical characteristics under the low temperature environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in summer, and the global climate effect of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau through global large-scale vertical circulation and teleconnection; The entropy increase model reduces the view that the numerical prediction model is cold in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas. By improving the parameterization method and assimilation technology of the physical process of the land surface model in the plateau area, the precipitation simulation ability of the numerical prediction model on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and downstream areas is significantly improved.
The project promotes the transformation of achievements into business in accordance with the development concept of "R&D while applying", and realizes the application of 26 main achievements in national and provincial meteorological services, and supports the layout design of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau cryosphere and ecosystem observation station network of the China Meteorological Administration Enhance the operational capabilities of meteorological observations on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, so that the quality of China's satellite atmospheric precipitation business products in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau reaches the international advanced level, and enhance the capabilities of national, regional, and provincial weather forecasts. Tibet, Qinghai, and Sichuan The level of precipitation forecast and early warning in Yunnan and Yunnan has been significantly improved.
At the same time, the scientific test results of the project also strongly support disaster reduction and prevention work, which have important scientific value for understanding the condition of air water resources in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and produce obvious social and economic benefits.
——Discover the "channels and mechanisms for edible vegetables and crops to absorb microplastics".
Researcher Luo Yongming from Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Nanjing Institute of Soil Science led the team to take the lead in researching the absorption and accumulation of microplastics by higher plants, and found that 0.2 micron (μm) polystyrene microspheres can be absorbed and enriched by lettuce roots under nutrient solution culture conditions. It gathers and migrates from the root to the ground, accumulates and distributes in the stems and leaves that can be eaten directly.
The research team further conducted wastewater hydroponics and simulated wastewater irrigation with sand culture and soil culture experiments, and found that sub-micron or even micron-sized plastic particles can penetrate the roots of wheat and lettuce and enter the plant body, and under the action of transpiration pulling force, The pipe system follows the water flow and nutrient flow into the upper part of the crop.
At the same time, a channel and mechanism for plastic particles to enter the plant body was discovered: there are small gaps at the edge of the new side roots of the plant, through which plastic particles can cross the barrier and enter the root xylem ducts and be further transported to the stem and leaf tissue.
Relevant results were published in "Nature Sustainability" and "Science Bulletin". It was the first report and confirmed the absorption, transmission and distribution of sub-micron or even micron-sized plastic particles by vegetables and crops, and discovered the lateral root gap channels for plants to absorb microplastics. And mechanism.
The research results of the project break the scientists’ traditional understanding that microplastic particles cannot enter vegetables and crops, and provide a scientific basis for studying the mechanism of higher plants’ absorption and accumulation of microplastics, food chain transmission, and human health risks. It also opens up an opportunity for terrestrial microplastics research. Open a new door.
——Key technologies for coordinated prevention and control of agricultural non-point source pollution in river basins.
This project is aimed at the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, southern hills and mountains and southern plains water network areas where eutrophic lakes are concentrated and non-point source pollution is prominent. After more than 20 years of practice, three innovations have been achieved: First, the establishment of watershed agricultural non-point source pollution monitoring methods and prevention and control Theory; the second is to break through the key technology of the combination of pollution control and resource utilization; the third is to innovate the agricultural non-point source pollution prevention and control technology models such as the Dali model, the Xingshan model and the Yixing model, and formulate three agricultural industry standards.
Since 2013, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs has held 6 national on-site observation meetings to promote the application of the Dali, Xingshan and Yixing models to 118 national non-point source pollution control project counties in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, southern hills and mountains, and southern plain water network areas.
The research results of the project have now been included in the national non-point source pollution prevention and control plan. In the past two years, 97.4 million mu has been promoted and applied, nitrogen and phosphorus reduction by 350,000 tons, nitrogen and phosphorus reduction by 40,000 tons, and comprehensive benefits of 8.8 billion yuan.
At the same time, it has formulated 7 national agricultural industry standards and 7 local standards; authorized 25 invention patents and 31 utility model patents (2 have been transformed); published 6 works; published 115 papers.
——Research on the collection and monitoring of new coronavirus aerosols.
Professor Yao Maosheng of Peking University and his team have made breakthroughs in the collection and monitoring of new coronavirus aerosols, and obtained direct evidence of aerosol transmission of the new coronavirus:
The first is to create an on-site rapid detection system for new coronavirus (ACW) in the air by integrating self-developed large-flow air sampling (400 liters of air per minute) and commercial robots, nucleic acid amplification and other technologies, and use this system to detect Wuhan in the early stage of the epidemic The concentration of the new coronavirus in the air in the medical environment can reach 9-219 per cubic meter of air, and the concentration of the new coronavirus in the air of some toilets is as high as 6000 viruses per cubic meter.
The system does not require personnel to enter the tested environment to collect aerosol samples in a programmatic scanning manner, and send the collected samples to a set location, reducing the risk of infection by sampling personnel, identifying the risk of new coronavirus infection in the air, and effectively protecting medical treatment Environment and safety of life and property.
The second is to use the self-developed exhalation collection system to reveal that human breathing is also an important way for the spread of new crown pneumonia, and provide direct scientific basis for measures such as ventilation, wearing masks, and maintaining social distance to prevent the spread of new crown pneumonia.
With the support of the special project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the technical method ACW developed by Professor Maosheng has played a prominent role in the prevention and control of the new crown pneumonia epidemic. The research results have provided important science for the scientific prevention and control of aerosol transmission of the new crown pneumonia epidemic around the world. in accordance with.
At the press conference, Lu Zhaoping, member of the Party Group and Secretary of the Secretariat of the China Association for Science and Technology, delivered a speech and stated that the release of the top ten scientific and technological advances in the ecological environment in 2020 will surely provide strong scientific and technological support for China's ecological environmental protection and ecological civilization construction.
Tu Ruihe, the representative of the United Nations Environment Program in China, said in a speech that science and technology play an important role in responding to the three major global environmental crises of climate change, ecosystem degradation, and pollution. China's top ten scientific and technological advances in the ecological environment are for this. Best practice, application and proof.
Zhang Yuanhang, academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and vice chairman of the Eco-Environmental Industry-University Consortium of the Chinese Association for Science and Technology, introduced the selection of the top ten scientific and technological progress in the ecological environment released this time, and the scientists of the ten scientific and technological progress completed units introduced their respective progress.
In addition, the China Association for Science and Technology Eco-Environmental Industry-University Consortium also signed the "Technology Innovation China-Meituan Qingshan Environmental Technology Innovation Demonstration Project" with Meituan.
It is understood that the China Association for Science and Technology Eco-Environmental Industry-University Consortium was established in 2018. It consists of 11 national societies in the environment, ecology, meteorology, geography, agriculture, forestry, soil, geology, ocean, water conservancy, and renewable energy, and well-known enterprises in the field of ecological environment. , Collaborative innovation organization jointly initiated and established by academic research institutions and social organizations.
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