The reform of the college entrance examination has given birth to high school career education

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It's important to talk about it, don't get busy" How to solve the situation

  "Today, the school organized a second-year career experience activity, and our class came to the China Youth Daily. Unlike what we imagined, there are mostly young people in the newspaper, and the office is full of vitality and youth..."

  On May 8, nearly 80 sophomore students from the High School Affiliated to Beijing Jiaotong University came to China Youth Daily to carry out career experience activities.

After the activity, Zhou Xinyou from Grade 2 (2) wrote down how she felt.

  Once upon a time, many high school students "inspired" their future career plans only when they filled out their volunteers for the college entrance examination.

However, due to lack of understanding, many candidates "rely on Mongolia" when applying for the college entrance examination, and even choose which professional name sounds better.

  Such days of "ignorant" about the future will become history.

At present, 14 provinces have entered the pilot comprehensive reform of the college entrance examination.

These pilot provinces for the comprehensive reform of the college entrance examination "forced" students to choose and plan their future academic interests and career development from the beginning of the first year of high school; schools are also "forced" to carry out reforms—they want Responsible for the education responsibilities of career planning for high school students.

  A reporter from China Youth Daily and China Youth Daily learned in an interview that although many schools have realized the importance of students’ career planning and have carried out related education, the career planning education for high school students is far from reaching The ideal state is still facing a number of dilemmas that urgently need to be broken through.

"Career planning education should be earlier and more practical"

  "I just caught up with the reform of the college entrance examination." Beijing student Zhang Can (pseudonym) said.

  Beijing is the second batch of provinces to enter the reform of the college entrance examination. It will be implemented from the newly enrolled senior year in 2017. Zhang Can was promoted to senior year in that year.

  "After I went to high school, the school has an education in career planning. Our school adopts a'one-on-one' way of talking. I think it has a psychologically calming effect." Zhang Can said.

  The reporter learned during the interview that many high school students believe that career planning education is indeed useful.

Entering the first year of high school, new grades and more difficult knowledge are inherently challenging for children. Coupled with the "new college entrance examination" factor, "Everyone is quite confused. Career education allows us to have It gave us a feeling of being down-to-earth, which allowed us to think more clearly about the future development. Some minor psychological problems were also relieved." Zhang Can said.

  "I think career education should be carried out earlier." said Wang Xinran (pseudonym), a junior high school student in Jiangsu.

  There are not many students who have similar views with Wang Xinran.

  "I think career education cannot be started only in high school. From an early age, we should at least give children a general direction of'what I want to do in the future'." Like Zhang Can, Li Haihe (pseudonym), who also caught up with the "new college entrance examination" in Beijing, said. Moreover, Lee Hae-hyuk believes that career education should not only be aimed at students, but parents should also receive education in this area.

  Unlike many classmates who are ignorant of the future, Lee Hae-hyuk wanted to be a doctor at a very young age, so after entering high school, he wanted to choose courses in this direction.

However, the career rules test conducted by the school showed that his thinking characteristics are more suitable for theoretical research.

  After the teacher persuaded the parents to persuade him, Li Haihe also weighed it for a while, still unwilling to give up the ambition he had set up since he was a child.

In order to study medicine, he discussed and argued with his parents for two years, "If parents also take this course, they will at least consider their children's interests, and the chances of respecting their children's choices will be greater."

  However, some students feel that career planning education is not very helpful to them.

  Guangdong student Lin Jianxiang (pseudonym) said that the school's career education did not leave much impression on him.

The school’s career planning education is arranged in the third year of high school. The school organizes all-year students to go to the auditorium to listen to lectures. “The content of the lectures is very theoretical and very general. In addition, our schoolwork is very tight, so few people listen carefully.” Lin Jianxiang said. If you want to have practical help to students, the content of the lectures should be closer to the actual situation of the students, and you cannot search for some test questions or articles on the Internet.

  "Many content in career education can easily become the kind of success or big talk, a little formalism." Zhang Can said.

The realistic dilemma of insufficient teachers, practice bases and funds

  Some high school students feel that the current career courses are still a bit unsatisfactory. In fact, there is a reason.

  The reporter found in the interview that many of the places that are undergoing comprehensive reforms of the college entrance examination are provinces with higher education levels and richer educational resources. However, even in these places, schools still face many realities when they carry out career planning education. Difficulties.

  Take the High School Affiliated to Beijing Jiaotong University as an example, the life planning course is a very "decent" course in this school—not only is it included in the class schedule, it also develops its own school-based curriculum.

  According to Xu Xinyan, the vice principal of teaching at the North Campus of the High School Affiliated to Beijing Jiaotong University, the school has offered life education compulsory courses from the first grade of high school, one week a week for a total of one and a half semesters; in the second grade of high school, the school will also organize students to enter the society, Enter the workplace for professional experience.

  The status of the high school affiliated to Beijing Jiaotong University makes many schools envy.

This is because, compared with many schools, the faculty of the life planning course of Beijing Jiaotong High School can be described as "strong"-there are three teachers who teach, including two psychology teachers and one part-time teacher.

  Even so, “the school's psychological teachers have to undertake both the mental health classes of junior high school and the career classes of high school, as well as the daily psychological counseling and counseling of students, so the staff is obviously insufficient.” Xu Xinyan said.

  For most schools, the lack of teachers for career planning is a common phenomenon.

  As early as 2010, the "National Medium and Long-term Education Reform and Development Plan Outline (2010-2020)" mentioned that it is necessary to establish a student development guidance system to strengthen the guidance of students' ideals, psychology, and academic work.

The 14 provinces that have entered the comprehensive reform of the college entrance examination have also formulated their own student development guidance, established a student development guidance center, and clarified the guidance organization.

  In 2019, the General Office of the State Council issued the "Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Reform of Ordinary High School Education Methods in the New Era", which once again clarified that localities must formulate student development guidance, guide schools to establish student development guidance systems, and strengthen the training of instructors.

Ordinary high schools should clarify the guidance organization, establish a team of professional and concurrent guidance teachers, and guide students through subject teaching penetration, setting up guidance courses, holding special lectures, and carrying out professional experience.

  However, the ideal is full, and the reality is very skinny.

  "Teachers from other subjects are on top" is one of the ways that many schools solve the shortage of teachers in career education.

  "Our school implements a tutor system, and the tutors also have to take on part of the responsibility of career education, but the tutors are professional teachers. They are most familiar with the teaching industry, and they don't know much about other industries." Executive Deputy, Beijing Jiaotong University Affiliated Middle School North Campus Said the principal Han Shaoguo.

  Many experts pointed out that career planning guidance is very professional and requires rich social experience, which cannot be undertaken by any teacher.

  To solve this problem, many schools have developed parent resources.

To a certain extent, this can not only make up for the plight of the school's insufficient teachers, at the same time, parents are distributed in all walks of life, but also make up for the lack of social experience of school teachers.

  However, according to a high school teacher in Fengtai District, Beijing, the biggest shortcoming of parent resources is "instability." "Parents have a richer occupational distribution in this year, so there will be more introductions to students, and there may be none in the next year. And some parents’ sharing is only for their children’s class.” The teacher said.

  Some schools use third-party services to solve this problem.

To purchase services, you must have financial support.

  "There was special funding support for the first two years. We asked professional career planning companies to do professional scale measurements for students and organize students to carry out practical activities in corresponding units." said a high school principal in Haidian District, Beijing. "However, in the past two years, this special fund has disappeared."

  Nevertheless, the principal said that no matter how the funds are saved, there must be a certain amount of expenditure in career planning.

Take professional scale measurement as an example. Each student is at least 100 yuan. The school can only "squeeze out" the money as much as possible, but it still has to cut off some of the measurement content.

  When funds can't keep up, the most likely to be "cut" is the practice link.

Many interviewees told reporters that their school's career education was spent in "listening to a few lectures" and "doing a few test questions".

  Fang Lihui (pseudonym), a senior high school student from Jiangsu, remembers that he also had a career planning class since he was in high school, but it was put together with the psychology class.

The school also requires students to have vocational experience, but the time is limited to winter and summer vacations, and it is about 3 days to find a unit by themselves.

  "Some classmates went to the supermarket to distribute the goods, some found a production workshop, and some organized a group to go to a large company." Li Lihui said that he felt his professional experience was the most comfortable. "For those three days, I would sit in my dad's office. Drinking water, playing with mobile phones, chatting with uncles and aunts, and then taking a few photos, letting colleagues in my dad’s unit write an evaluation and stamp it is enough."

  Even the professional experience of the school collective organization, the effect is not satisfactory.

According to a principal, many units are more willing to accept college students’ practical activities than middle school students. “Because many units can use this opportunity to promote themselves and attract more outstanding graduates to choose employment. Therefore, middle school students have come to such units. It’s hard to have a real professional experience."

  "We especially hope that the competent department can establish some professional experience bases like military training, and provide more professional and standardized student career planning services." Xu Xinyan said.

To get rid of the notion of "putting scores first"

  Many high school students face the embarrassment of "it's important to talk about it, but don't get busy" in their career education.

The main reason for the embarrassment lies in the concept.

  "The school does not provide real guidance to students." Tang Jiangpeng, head of the Xishan Senior High School in Jiangsu Province, said in an interview with a reporter from China Youth Daily and China Youth Daily.

  Although the reform of the college entrance examination has been going on for several years, the evaluation system of the school, which is used to measure the scores of candidates and the admission rate, is still in place. Therefore, many schools still put scores first when guiding students, rather than students’ interests. He Zhixiang, "Which combination can get high scores and which combination can avoid strong opponents? Which method is used," Tang Jiangpeng said. There are far more schools and teachers who help students choose subjects by "Tian Ji horse racing" than they really follow. Schools and teachers who plan and love students' own development and guide students.

  When career planning meets the desire to score high in the college entrance examination, planning is often left behind.

  Jia Jinxuan (pseudonym) from Zhejiang also received relevant education in life planning when he was in high school. “But the final goal of most people is to go to a good school, so it is difficult to consider the factors of life planning when choosing subjects, but ' What will help me get higher scores and go to a better school? Which subjects will I choose? Although university majors will have certain restrictions on our choice of subjects, we can fill in too many volunteers at the time, and there are uncertain factors There are too many. In the end, it doesn't matter what career plan is, it depends on which one gets the high score."

  In addition, the current life planning education for students in many schools is still too traditional.

  With the development of society, more and more new industries have emerged.

"My future career plan is to become an internet celebrity." said Zhao Han (pseudonym), a first-year high school student in Beijing, but she has neither seriously discussed this idea with her parents nor communicated with her teacher. Knowing that for them, I am an "undignified" thought, and it is useless to say it."

  Some experts pointed out that one point should be emphasized when carrying out career education for high school students: all today's choices are temporary choices, which can be adjusted with further studies in the future.

  In fact, what the experts said is only half right. For the professional career education for high school students born after 00, education itself should be adjusted and changed. Education does not need to cater to every novel idea of ​​high school students, but at least it should Close enough to them, only in this way can we better guide them.

  Many schools have already made valuable attempts.

  "What we offer is an'experiential' course, which is to show students the'typical lifestyle' of various majors or industries." Tang Jiangpeng said that this at least allows students to select courses with "something reasonable."

For example, the school started the "News and Interview" course, "This course is not about knowledge, it is for students to actually participate in editing school journals and participating in the production of integrated media, so that students can experience whether they like this kind of life in real practice."

  China Youth Daily·China Youth Daily reporter Fan Weichen and intern Zhang Hanqiong Source: China Youth Daily