The country’s floating population is 376 million people, an increase of nearly 70% in ten years——

　　Where is the population going?

(Seeing the changes through the "Seven People")

　　The seventh census data has been released recently.

The data contains a wealth of information, reflecting the historical process of China's economic, social and population development.

In addition to "grand" data such as population changes, classified information such as regional population, family population, and morphological characteristics of populations of different age groups has also received widespread attention, conveying new signals of economic and social development and changes.

From today onwards, this newspaper has continuously launched the report "Seeing changes through the'Seven People' Survey", which analyzes some data of the "Seven People's Survey" and explores the reasons behind the population changes and the significance they represent.

　　--editor

　　Guangdong is the most populous province, and the population of Jiangsu and Zhejiang has also increased a lot. With the announcement of the results of the seventh national census, the latest population map of 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities has been presented in front of everyone and has become the focus of social debate.

　　Which province is the "youngest"?

Which province has the most labor force?

Which provinces are attractive?

Which provinces should retain people... Behind the population data, there is a wealth of information released. Let us take a look at the population map and flow trends of 31 provinces, regions and cities.

　　Quantity

　　Guangdong has the largest population, followed by Shandong.

　　Guangdong and Shandong have the largest populations, each with a population of over 100 million.

The population of the top five provinces, Guangdong, Shandong, Henan, Jiangsu, and Sichuan, accounted for 35.09% of the total population of the country.

　　Migration

　　The inconsistency between the place of residence and the place of household registration is common

　　The separated population of households reached 493 million, accounting for about 35% of the total population.

In terms of flow, the population continues to agglomerate along the Yangtze River, coastal areas, and inland urban areas. The population of major urban agglomerations such as the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, and Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomerations has grown rapidly and the degree of agglomeration has increased.

　　Age structure

　　Tibet is the "youngest"

　　The proportion of the population aged 0-14 in Tibet is 24.53%, the highest in the country.

　　Gender structure

　　There are more women than men in Northeast China

　　Jilin (99.69) and Liaoning (99.7) have two provinces with a sex ratio of less than 100. Heilongjiang is closely followed by 100.35.

　　education level

　　Beijing has the highest degree of education

　　For every 100,000 people in Beijing, 41,980 have a university education, the highest in the country.

　　The "most" population of each province attracts attention

　　—— Guangdong has the largest population, Tibet is the youngest, Beijing has the highest educational background, and Jilin and Liaoning have more women than men

　　Quantity, structure, quality, etc. are the basic categories of population.

Around these aspects, the "most" population of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities in the country have also been released one after another.

　　Looking at the number, Guangdong has the largest population with a total of 1,260,215,10 people; Shandong is next with 101,527,453 people.

These are also two provinces with a population of more than 100 million.

　　At present, there are 9 provinces with populations between 50 million and 100 million, 17 provinces with between 10 million and 50 million people, and 3 provinces with less than 10 million people.

It is worth mentioning that the population of the top five provinces, namely Guangdong, Shandong, Henan, Jiangsu, and Sichuan, account for 35.09% of the total population of the country.

　　Looking at the age structure, Tibet is the "youngest."

Statistics show that the proportion of the population aged 0-14 in Tibet is 24.53%, the highest in the country; while the proportion of the population aged 60 and over is 8.52%, the lowest in the country; except for Tibet (5.67%), the proportion of the elderly population aged 65 and over exceeds 7%.

　　At the national level, the proportion of the population aged 0-14 is 17.95%, an increase of 1.35 percentage points compared with 2010; the total number of elderly people aged 60 and above is 264 million, which accounts for 18.7% of the total population. An increase of 5.44 percentage points in 2010.

While the adjustment of the childbirth policy has achieved positive results and the proportion of the child population has rebounded, the aging of the population has also further deepened.

　　Looking at the gender structure, there are more women than men in the Northeast, and more men and fewer women in Guangdong, Hainan, and Tibet.

　　Among the 31 provinces, there are 2 provinces with a total population sex ratio below 100, namely Jilin (99.69) and Liaoning (99.7), which means that there are more women than men in these two provinces; Heilongjiang is closely followed with 100.35.

The sex ratio of the three northeastern provinces is lower than the national sex ratio of 105.07.

The three provinces with the highest sex ratio in the country are Guangdong, Hainan and Tibet, all of which are above 110.

　　Looking at the quality of the population, Beijing has the highest degree of education.

For every 100,000 people in Beijing, there are 41980 people with a university education, the highest in the country, followed by Shanghai and Tianjin respectively. The average number of years of education for people aged 15 and over in Beijing is 12.64 years, which is also the highest in the country. Shanghai and Tianjin also follow closely. Afterwards.

　　Among the national population, there are 21.836 million people with university education.

Compared with 2010, the number of people with university education per 100,000 people rose from 8,930 to 15,467, and the average number of years of education for the population aged 15 and above increased from 9.08 years to 9.91 years.

　　Behind the population data are new signals of economic and social development.

According to Liu Xiangdong, deputy director of the Economic Research Department of the China Center for International Economic Exchanges, sorting out, analyzing, developing, and using population data is a task that all localities must do well.

For example, to focus on the prominent problem of "one old and one small" in the current society, we can plan in advance based on the actual situation of the local population to promote the transformation of the "adaptable to aging" society, enhance the inclusiveness of the birth policy, etc., and formulate targeted population-related policies to promote the economy and society. Long-term balanced development of population and population.

　　Greater population mobility

　　——The population of major urban agglomerations such as the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta, and Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomerations is growing rapidly; the urbanization rate continues to increase, and the basic pattern of large migration and large flow between urban and rural areas will also appear in the future

　　In China, which has a population of more than 1.4 billion people, the scale of population migration every year is huge.

Where is the population going?

What are the trend characteristics?

　　Census data shows that the inconsistency between the place of residence and the place of household registration is quite common. In 2020, the number of Chinese separated from households will reach 493 million, accounting for about 35% of the total population.

Among them, the floating population is 376 million, an increase of nearly 70% in ten years.

　　In terms of regions, the population of the eastern region accounted for 39.93%, the central region accounted for 25.83%, the western region accounted for 27.12%, and the northeast region accounted for 6.98%.

Compared with the sixth national census in 2010, the proportion of the population in the eastern region increased by 2.15%, the central region decreased by 0.79%, the western region increased by 0.22%, and the northeastern region decreased by 1.20%.

　　Viewed by province, there are 25 provinces with population increase.

The five provinces with relatively large population growth are: Guangdong, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shandong, Henan, of which Guangdong increased by more than 21.7 million people.

　　"From the perspective of flow, the population continues to agglomerate along the Yangtze River, coastal areas and inland urban areas. The population of major urban agglomerations such as the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, and Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomerations has grown rapidly, and the concentration has increased." said Ning Jizhe, director of the National Bureau of Statistics .

　　Liu Xiangdong believes that the primary driving force behind the population flow is the economic activity of the region.

Whether there are good industries, high-quality employment opportunities, and whether they can bring good income is the main factor affecting population migration.

In addition, suitable for work must be suitable for living. Factors such as medical care, education, and the quality of living environment also affect people's choice of cities.

"It can be seen that many cities not only actively develop industries, but are also committed to building a high-quality life circle and improving people's livelihood. This is precisely the need to meet the needs of high-quality development and retain talent." Liu Xiangdong said.

　　From the perspective of urban and rural development, population mobility is also closely related to the process of urbanization.

Zhai Zhenwu, a professor at the Center for Population and Development Studies of Renmin University of China, believes that population migration is the main driving force for the urbanization rate to surpass the 50% and 60% mark from 2010 to 2020, and Guangdong Province continues to become the most populous province. province.

"From the general law of urbanization in developed countries, China is still in a period of development opportunities where the urbanization rate has the potential to increase rapidly. During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, the urbanization rate can exceed 65%. It presents a basic pattern of great migration and great flow." Zhai Zhenwu said.

　　Facing the future, seeking industry to gather talents

　　——The inflow and outflow of population, the accumulation of talents, etc. are in a dynamic process, and localities need to adapt measures to local conditions and further transform the demographic dividend into a talent dividend

　　At the same time as population migration, there are also regions showing a trend of net population outflow, which has further triggered discussions on "how to retain people in regions".

　　Census data showed that the permanent population of the three northeastern provinces was 98.51 million, a decrease of 11.01 million compared with 2010. The proportion of the country was also reduced from 8.18% in 2010 to 6.98%, a decrease of 1.20%.

　　The person in charge of the Office of the Leading Group for the Seventh National Census of the State Council explained that the population of Northeast China has shown a significant decreasing trend, which is mainly caused by the superposition of the double factors of negative population growth and net population outflow accumulated by long-term low birth rate.

This is affected by many factors such as natural environment, geographical environment, population fertility level and economic and social development.

　　On the one hand, the Northeast is located in a high latitude region in China, and the winter is relatively long and cold. Some people from the Northeast migrate to the warmer south. This is also the trend of population migration in many countries around the world, and this phenomenon occurs in Europe and the United States.

On the other hand, the economy of the Northeast region is in a critical period of structural adjustment. The diversified development opportunities and employment prospects of some economically developed provinces and cities along the coast are more attractive to the population of other regions, including the Northeast.

　　"This reminds all localities to rely on developing industries and providing employment to retain the population, especially young people." Liu Xiangdong said.

The population inflow and outflow, the agglomeration effect of talents, etc. are all in a dynamic process, and different regions are also facing different tests.

"For areas with low population inflow or insufficient economic activity, we must pay attention to the industrial structure to see if there is room for adjustment and transformation; while for regions with large population inflows, we must pay attention to and focus on solving the problem of'big city disease', and more Take good care of the functions of economy and talent gathering."

　　For all parts of the country, the common issue is how to further transform the demographic dividend into a talent dividend.

"Improving the quality of the population, so that more people have the opportunity to grow and become talents, and adapt to the needs of modern society. This will further promote the transformation of economic development mode, the upgrading of industrial structure, the increase of total factor productivity, and the continuous and healthy development of population, economy and society. "Liu Xiangdong said.

　　Reporter: Li Jie