Question mark (27) | How did America fight the "Communist Brotherhood"?

(1)

Even if you are talented, even if you are one of the most famous screenwriters in Hollywood, disobeying the ideas of your society is an unforgivable crime, and if you do not believe me you watch the movie "Trampo", which was produced in 2015 and tells about what happened to James Dalton Trump and his companions, who were included in the black lists It accuses its owners of condemning communism, so it was treason, imprisonment and cutting off livelihoods. Democratic America has decided to fight dictatorship with a tougher dictatorship, and it is strange that I saw in the film common denominators with what we live in from reality.

(2)

This was after World War II, when the United States and the Soviet Union were involved in a series of political and economic clashes known as the Cold War.

The intense rivalry between the two superpowers raised fears in the United States that communists and left sympathizers within America itself might act as spies for the Soviets, thus posing a threat to the country's security.

Then the guardian decided to launch a hysterical campaign to intimidate communism through all the political platforms and media available at the time, a campaign warning honorable citizens of the consequences of the disruptive communist influence, and of the owners of foreign agendas who had infiltrated the ranks of the teaching staff, labor leaders, artists and journalists working within what the US administration claimed It is the "program of world communist domination".

In the details, in 1947, this department assigned 3 former FBI agents the task of publishing a bulletin entitled "Counterattack: Newsletter of Facts About Communism," whose mission was to announce the names of media professionals "who appeared in pamphlets, rallies, or related petitions. Left-handed character. "

According to the information, about 4 million federal employees have already been investigated, and they have been asked about everything, even about the books and magazines they read, about the unions and civic organizations to which they belong, and whether they frequent the church.

Although the Samsung device was not available at the time, this newsletter was sent to the executives and sponsors of television with a request to immediately dismiss those listed in it and treat them as traitors, and it came to the point that one of the famous broadcasters at the time was using the newsletter to determine which guests should be excluded from appearing on Air.

The owners of television channels, advertising agencies and sponsors were concerned about the negative impact that these and other tactics may have on their work, so they resorted to appointing employees whose task is to investigate and approve every writer, director, actor, or any other person applying for a media position, to ensure that he does not have any idea. Communism or any communist sympathies.

(3)

Enthusiasm has dominated everyone, and it took a step further, so the US administration took the initiative to establish what was known as loyalty programs, whereby employees were required to maintain their positions or to be appointed starting to take an oath of loyalty to the constitution, and to pledge not to join any group calling for the overthrow of the government in the future, Rather, the program went further, including hearings for anyone accused of disloyalty, being called and investigated.

According to the information, about 4 million federal employees have already been investigated, and they have been asked about everything, even about the books and magazines they read, about the unions and civic organizations to which they belong, and whether they frequent the church.

Hundreds of screenwriters, actors, and directors were blacklisted due to suspicion of their political ideas, thousands of teachers, workers, sailors, lawyers, and social workers lost their jobs when they refused the oath, and thousands more were fired when they were falsely accused of being communists.

Bookstores have also pulled books seen as left-handed from their shelves, including classics such as Robin Hood, Henry David Thoreau's Civil Disobedience, and John Steinbeck's Grapes of Wrath.

(4)

Then the matter expanded further, and it became easy to accuse anyone opposing government policies or demanding social reforms with communism, even if it was not a communist act. Anyone is accused of being a communist and a Soviet spy.

Then the US House of Representatives went one step further and decided to form the "Un-American Activities Committee," which in turn held a series of public hearings for filmmakers, writers, and actors who were accused of being communists or suspected of being communists.

These sessions led to the sending of a group called "Hollywood List 10" to prison when their owners refused to testify, including Trumbo and his companions who told their stories.

Even people who had not been convicted of any crime were often blacklisted, and thus no company would accept employing them.

The worst - and as a result of everyone’s feelings of fear - is that many people are ready to testify against others, even if they are friends, and even if they know that those who testify against them are innocent, in order to avoid suspicion.

(5)

The insanity about the internal communist threat, then called the Red Scare, reached its climax between 1950 and 1954, when Senator Joseph McCarthy, a right-wing Republican, launched a series of highly publicized investigations into the alleged Communist infiltration of the party, the State Department, the White House, the Treasury, and even the US military. .

During the first two years of Eisenhower's rule, McCarthy's condemnation and the promotion of communist fear increased the climate of fear and suspicion throughout the country, so that no one dared to clash with or disobey McCarthy for fear of being described as unpatriotic.

Elected officials from both major parties sought to portray themselves as loyal anti-Communists, and only a few people dared criticize the dubious tactics used to persecute suspects, which greatly affected freedom of expression and other civil liberties, and affected the lives of thousands of communist sympathizers. The alleged, chased after the law, have been cut off from their friends and families and fired from their jobs.

And because injustice usually collapses while it is at its height, opponents of McCarthy's policies have stepped up their struggle against all restrictions that limit intellectual and civil liberties and against the policies of treason and the inquisition.

(6)

Amid this birth, the House of Representatives' Un-American Activities Committee pushed to Hollywood a Republican congressman, a young man named Richard Nixon, who started asking managers of major studios: Why don't you produce anti-communist TV series and films?

Studios responded quickly with several films that played a role in fueling fear of communism and its danger. Even science fiction films were not exempt from projections on the communist threat.

In February 1950, McCarthy gave a speech in which he said he had obtained a list of more than 200 known Communist infiltrators operating within the United States government, and although he did not provide any evidence, his accusations caused many of his political opponents to be investigated.

(7)

And because injustice usually collapses while it is at its height, opponents of McCarthy's policies have stepped up their struggle against all restrictions that limit intellectual and civil liberties and against the policies of treason and the inquisition.

Indeed, McCarthy was forced to stop pursuing opponents "claiming that they are communists", especially after the Senate voted against him in 1954, was convicted of corruption, isolated the man himself, and died addicted to alcohol.

The Supreme Court issued several decisions that restricted the methods and methods the government used in its alleged war against communism.

Meanwhile, our friend Trumbo and a whole slice of those who had been hurt were regaining their breath and stepping up their blows.

"Spartacus, the Slave’s Editor," written by Howard Fast while in prison, accused of communism, the actor Kirk Douglas decides to produce a movie, and put the name of the screenwriter on the movie advertisements, in blatant defiance of the blacklists that prohibit dealing with Trump and his ilk.

The surprise is that the newly elected US President John F. Kennedy declares his support for the movie. This event contributes to the dismantling of the ideological terror campaign, to the abolition of blacklists, so that its victims gather their wounds and begin to rebuild their careers anew.

The time of the Intellectual Inquisition has ended, all the allegations of those who promoted the deprivation of civil rights under the pretext of pseudo-patriotism have fallen, all allegations have been disbanded and the blacklists have collapsed.

(8)

Eloquent, Trumpo said he was honored and honored.

Rhetoric says, "McCarthyism has only victims, not heroes."

Rhetoric said, "The blacklist has made victims of everyone, those who adhered to their principles, and lost their jobs, as well as those who gave up their principles in order to retain their jobs."