Relevant responsible comrades of the National Development and Reform Commission answer reporters' questions on the "National Basic Public Service Standards (2021 Edition)"
Recently, with the approval of the State Council, the National Development and Reform Commission jointly issued the "National Basic Public Service Standards (2021 Edition)" (hereinafter referred to as "National Standards 2021") in conjunction with 20 departments, and issued a notice requiring all regions to conscientiously implement them in light of actual conditions. .
A few days ago, relevant responsible comrades of the National Development and Reform Commission answered reporters' questions on the "National Standard 2021".
Q: What is the background of the promulgation of the "National Standard 2021"?
Answer: Enjoying basic public services is a basic right of citizens, and it is an important duty of the government to ensure that everyone enjoys basic public services.
General Secretary Xi Jinping has repeatedly emphasized that we must do a good job in inclusive, basic, and comprehensive people's livelihood construction, improve and improve the national basic public service system, and comprehensively improve the ability to build public services and the level of sharing.
The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China proposed that the level of equalization of basic public services during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period will be significantly improved; by 2035, the level of equalization of basic public services will be achieved.
In order to implement the decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee and the State Council on advancing the equalization of basic public services, in accordance with the requirements of the "Guiding Opinions on Establishing and Improving the Basic Public Service Standard System" issued by the Central Office and the State Council, the National Development and Reform Commission has worked with the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Health. The Health Commission and other 20 departments jointly studied and drafted the National Standards for Basic Public Services (2021 Edition), which clarified the basic standards for basic public service projects provided by the state at this stage. After being approved by the State Council, they will serve as governments at all levels to perform basic public services. Service responsibilities and the basis for the people to enjoy the corresponding rights, and promote the equalization of basic public services through standardization.
Question: What is the significance of the introduction of the "National Standard 2021"?
Answer: The formulation and promulgation of national basic public service standards is a major institutional innovation for my country to protect and improve people's livelihood and it is of great significance.
First, it is conducive to safeguarding and improving basic people's livelihood.
The "National Standard 2021" clarifies the scope of basic public service items and bottom-line standards that must be guaranteed by governments at all levels at this stage, so that local governments can be aware of the "key protection" and "to what extent" of basic people's livelihood protection at this stage. There are several, which will help guide localities to pay more attention to strengthening inclusive, basic and comprehensive people’s livelihood construction, accurately check deficiencies and make up for leakage according to the requirements of the central government, optimize the allocation of resources, and use limited financial resources in the areas that the people are most concerned about, and people’s lives are the most critical To ensure the bottom line of people’s livelihood, ensure basic life, and ensure that the people’s sense of gain, happiness, and security are more substantial, more secure, and more sustainable.
Second, it is conducive to promoting the sharing of development results by the whole people.
The "National Standard 2021" is the basic standard for improving the national basic public service standard system. It provides an important basis for various industry authorities to improve relevant service standards and specifications in this field, determine local implementation standards, and grass-roots service organizations to implement standardized service process management. It is conducive to promoting the realization of the standardized supply of basic public services across the country, and gradually realizing that all citizens can receive substantially equal basic public services in a fair and accessible way no matter where they are. It effectively embodies the people-centered development idea and embodies the The unparalleled superiority of the socialist system.
The third is conducive to promoting the modernization of the national governance system and governance capabilities.
The formulation and promulgation of the "National Standard 2021" to clarify the bottom-line standards for basic public services is a solemn commitment made by the state to the people, and it is a fundamental work for the improvement and improvement of the national basic public service system, which is conducive to promoting the overall urban and rural people’s livelihood security system. Mature and stereotyped are conducive to the modernization of the national governance system and governance capabilities.
Question: What are the main contents of "National Standard 2021"?
Answer: The "National Standard 2021" fully considers the current financial situation, and strives to achieve full coverage, no omissions, and implementation of the basic public service items specified in the documents of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, and firmly hold the bottom line of basic people's livelihood.
"National Standard 2021" includes "education for young children, education for learning, income from labor, medical care for sickness, care for the elderly, housing for the weak, support for the weak, excellent military service guarantee, cultural and sports service guarantee "Nine aspects, 22 categories, and 80 service items.
Among them, there are 9 service items related to child education, 9 items for learning and teaching, 12 items for work and income, 16 items for sickness and medical care, 4 items for elderly care, 4 items for housing and housing. There are 3 items, 14 items for the weak and some support, 4 items for the excellent military service guarantee, and 9 items for the cultural and sports service guarantee.
Each project specifies the service target, service content, service standard, expenditure responsibility, and lead responsible unit, etc.
Among them, the service target refers to the target audience of each project; the service content refers to the specific content of the service that the government must provide and the public enjoys in accordance with the law; the service standard refers to the current level of protection, coverage, and degree of realization of each service; expenditure responsibility Refers to the fundraising entity and responsibility for each project; the lead responsible unit refers to the main responsible unit at the national level, and local people's governments at all levels and relevant departments and units are responsible for the division of responsibilities according to the division of responsibilities.
Question: Compared with the list of national basic public services during the 13th Five-Year Plan period, what adjustments have been made to the National Standard 2021?
Answer: Compared with the "Thirteenth Five-Year" National Basic Public Service List, the number of service items in the "National Standard 2021" is basically the same. "Education for young children, education for learning, income from work, medical care for the sick, support for the elderly, housing for the elderly, and support for the weak". Overall consideration is given to excellent military services and cultural and sports support, divided into 9 The basic public service items have been reorganized in various aspects, the project names have been standardized, some contents have been merged, split and improved, and the order of service items has been rearranged according to service areas.
The new adjustment not only fully reflects the major decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee and the State Council on filling shortcomings in people’s livelihood and promoting social fairness and justice in development, but also facilitates the broad masses of people to find the basic public that they can enjoy according to their actual needs. service items.
In addition, the "National Standard 2021" is a list of the country's commitments to citizens to provide basic public services, mainly to let Chinese citizens understand what services and what level of services can be enjoyed at this stage.
Therefore, the expression of service content mainly reflects the people's perspective, and some expressions in the "13th Five-Year Plan" basic public service list that belong to the department's work objectives or specific work methods have been adjusted.
In the future, industry standards and local implementation standards promulgated by relevant departments and localities should also be based on the perspective of the people to clarify the service standards and service procedures of basic public service items.
Question: What basic principles does the "National Standard 2021" follow to determine the basic public service projects?
Answer: The "National Standard 2021" determines service items based on the overall consideration of needs and possible balance, and is mainly based on the two basic principles of "everything we have" and "commitment must be met".
The first is to have everything, that is, all the basic public service items that Chinese citizens should enjoy should be included in the documents of the Party Central Committee and the State Council. In principle, full coverage and no omissions should be achieved, and the service standards have been further refined.
The second is that the commitment must be met. The "National Standard 2021" is a hard commitment made by the country to citizens. The listed service items must be basically implemented at this stage. If there is a slight gap, it will be used as a supplement for the shortcomings of governments at all levels in the next five years. Gradually fill in the key directions.
Question: How will the "National Standard 2021" be dynamically adjusted in the future?
Answer: In accordance with relevant requirements, in principle, the standard level will be adjusted in a unified manner based on the comprehensive evaluation and evaluation based on the preparation of basic public service plans every 5 years.
At the same time, in accordance with the decisions and deployment of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, combined with the introduction of major policies and mid-term evaluation of the plan, the basic public service items and standards in individual fields will be adjusted in a dynamic and orderly manner at an appropriate time.
The National Development and Reform Commission will actively do a good job of standard information disclosure and sharing with relevant departments, and disclose to the public the changes in various basic public service standards in a timely manner to facilitate the public to participate in the supervision of the implementation of standards and safeguard their own rights and interests.
Question: What are the specific requirements for the implementation of the "National Standard 2021" in various regions?
Answer: The "Notice" puts forward six requirements for the implementation of the "National Standard 2021" in various places:
The first is to formulate implementation standards as soon as possible.
All localities should promptly formulate specific implementation standards for basic public services in their respective regions based on actual conditions, and fully integrate them with national standards and industry standards, and conduct financial affordability assessments to ensure that there are no missing items, full coverage of the population, high standards, financial security, and services. Sustainable.
The specific implementation standards for basic public services in various regions shall be completed within 6 months after the issuance of this document, and shall be published in a timely manner and copied to the National Development and Reform Commission.
The second is to strictly define the main scope.
All localities should carefully check the deficiencies and make up for the omissions in accordance with the "National Standards 2021", further refine and enrich the relevant service standards and service processes in the region, and ensure the implementation of the national standards.
The basic public service items that have national unified standards must be implemented in all regions in accordance with national standards. For service items that do not have national unified standards for the time being, all regions must clarify relevant standards in accordance with relevant national requirements and actual conditions in the region and include them in the region. Specific implementation standards.
If the service items, content, quantity, etc. exceed the scope of the national standards, it is necessary to strengthen prior argumentation and risk assessment to ensure compliance with national laws, regulations and system requirements, meet the urgent needs of the people in the region, and control within the financial acceptable range.
The third is to effectively implement expenditure responsibilities.
The financial power of the central government is allocated by the central treasury.
In principle, the local fiscal power is allocated by the local government through its own financial resources. The related revenue and expenditure gaps are mainly made up through general transfer payments granted by the higher-level government, except for some capital expenditures that are arranged through the issuance of local government bonds in accordance with the law.
The central and local joint fiscal powers are mainly shared by the central and local governments. The specific expenditure responsibilities will be adjusted according to the reform of the division of central and local fiscal powers and expenditure responsibilities.
Local governments must strengthen the budget management of basic public service funds, prepare complete, standardized and reasonable budgets for basic public service projects, ensure the timely release and disbursement of basic public service funds, and promote the establishment of a sustainable investment guarantee long-term mechanism and smooth operation.
The fourth is to focus on strengthening capacity guarantees.
In accordance with the implementation standards of basic public services in the region, all localities should strengthen the construction of supply capacity, and weave a network of people's livelihood security.
Reasonably plan the construction of various basic public service facilities, accelerate the filling of shortcomings in basic public services, and continuously improve the accessibility and convenience of basic public services.
In accordance with the determined service items and service standards, ensure that relevant funds are allocated in full, provide relevant service personnel, ensure the effective operation of service organizations, and encourage the inclusion of basic public services suitable for government purchases into the government purchase service guidance catalog .
Strengthen the construction of the grassroots talent team, improve the talent incentive policy, and focus on cultivating a team of basic public service personnel with sufficient numbers, reasonable structure, and good quality.
Fifth, promote open sharing in an all-round way.
All localities should make full use of government bulletins, government websites, new media platforms, etc., to disclose various basic public service standards in a timely manner, smooth channels for feedback and suggestions, and facilitate the public to obtain information, participate in standard supervision and implementation, and safeguard their own rights and interests.
Entrust a third party to conduct a social satisfaction survey of basic public services, strengthen feedback on the implementation of basic public service standards, respond to social concerns in a timely and appropriate manner, and consciously accept supervision by the masses and society.
Sixth, strengthen the responsibility.
Public service expenditure has become an important indicator of high-quality development in various regions.
Local people's governments should make the implementation of basic public service standards a key task of ensuring people's livelihood, carry out basic public service compliance actions, do their best and do what they can, and effectively protect the people's basic public service rights and interests.
Local Development and Reform Commissions should take the lead in coordinating the implementation of basic public service standards in their respective regions in coordination with relevant industry authorities, organize joint inspections and effect evaluations of implementation, strengthen implementation monitoring and early warning, and report important situations in a timely manner.