[100th Anniversary of the Communist Party of China] The Red Boat Party
[Explanation] On July 23, 1921, in Shanghai at night, the First National Congress of the Communist Party of China quietly opened at 106 Wangzhi Road in the French Concession.
By the evening of July 30, this was the last meeting, but it was forced to suspend due to the intrusion of spies.
After discussion, it was decided that the delegates moved to Nanhu Lake in Jiaxing and held their last meeting on a cruise ship.
It was on this day that the Nanhu Conference completed all the agendas of the First National Congress of the Communist Party of China, passed the main documents, and announced the birth of the Communist Party of China.
But on what day did this extraordinary "last meeting" take place?
How many little-known stories happened on this day?
Due to the age and lack of information, many mysteries have always lingered in people's hearts.
[Explanation] What I have in my hands is a selection of archives and documents of the First National Congress of the Communist Party of China.
The essay "Chunshenpu in Ten Days Journey" included in it.
This article is the earliest memorial article about the Chinese Communist Party. Part of the article records in detail the situation of the French Concession patrolling and harassing the venue on the night of July 30th, and the evacuation of the delegates. The specific date for judging the beginning and end of the first party of the Communist Party of China Has an extraordinary effect.
[Explanation] There is a description in the prose: "This trip, the most memorable thing I will never forget, is the murder of Dadong Hostel... At around 5 o'clock in the morning on July 31st, I was asleep in my dream... The woman called out sharply and tragically...".
[Explanation] The "Murder at Dadong Hotel" mentioned in the article can be corroborated from the news published in Shanghai's "News" on August 1, 1921.
However, what is really worthy of attention is not this case, but the time when the case occurred-"more than 5 o'clock in the morning on July 31st". This time node is recorded in the article "Chunshenpu in Ten Days of Travel" Yes, it was Chen Gongbo, a representative from Guangzhou who came to attend the first meeting of the Communist Party of China.
[Concurrent] Chen Shuilin, Professor, Red Boat Spirit Research Center, Jiaxing University
Chen Gongbo was in the room very distressed about the homicide that occurred in the early hours of the morning. His wife also felt that a homicide in the next room was discovered, and decided to check out. On the 31st, Chen Gongbo was going to Hangzhou before going to Hangzhou. ,?? He also asked Li Da and Zhang Guotao to ask for leave.
?? If you say that you have been to Nanhu for a meeting on the 31st, Chen Gongbo will definitely not be able to find Li Da and Zhang Guotao, so we can prove that on the 31st, Li Da and Zhang Guotao are still the hosts of these meetings. Shanghai.
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[Explanation] It can be inferred from this that until July 31st, most of the CCP representatives were still staying in Shanghai.
So, in what way did the delegates determine the time and place for the next meeting, and on what day did they leave for the meeting at Nanhu Lake in Jiaxing?
[Concurrent] "The CCP is a David" Wang Huiwu, wife of Li Da, the first representative of the Chinese Communist Party
If you don’t want to talk to Li Da, or find someone else, then I think and think, remembering that I studied in Jiaxing, you know, I think I’d go to Jiaxing to call Zhichuan (conference), Jiaxing at least has Acquaintances, Jiaxing has at least friends.
[Concurrent] Chen Shuilin, Professor, Red Boat Spirit Research Center, Jiaxing University
During the whereabouts of the delegates on the night of the 30th, there were five or six delegates temporarily looking for accommodation, so it was difficult to inform all the delegates if they had to make any decisions that night, so it was a process to go to Nanhu to decide to renew the meeting. It is not decided at a certain meeting all at once.
[Explanation] On an ordinary summer morning in 1921, a train from Shanghai slowly drove into the platform of Jiaxing Railway Station.
A young Jiangnan woman who got off the train was no one else but Wang Huiwu, the wife of a representative Li Da.
Returning to his homeland in Jiaxing from Shanghai, Wang Huiwu had a secret and great task: to find a safe meeting place for the interrupted CCP Congress in Shanghai.
[Commentary] According to Ms. Wang Huiwu's recollection, she took the morning express to Jiaxing.
First go to Yuanhu Hotel to open a room, commission a boat, and then go to Nanhu to inspect the terrain.
Most major representatives also recalled that after arriving in Jiaxing, "Mrs. Heming had been waiting at the station long ago and led us to board the boat." "The big painting boat hired by Wang Huiwu has been moored by the lake."
[Concurrent] Qiu Chenxi, Ph.D. from the School of Marxism, Jiaxing University? According to our research results, there are 10 representatives attending the Jiaxing Nanhu Conference of the First National Congress of the Communist Party of China. They are Li Da, Zhang Guotao, Liu Renjing, Dong Biwu, Chen Tanqiu, and Mao Zedong. , Wang Jinmei, Deng Enming, Bao Huiseng, Zhou Fohai, and Li Hanjun, He Shuheng, Chen Gongbo, Marin and Nikkorsky did not attend the Jiaxing South Lake Conference.
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[Explanation] According to Ms. Wang Huiwu's recollection, the delegates who participated in the Red Boat Conference arrived in Jiaxing by train on the same day. This is obviously different from the memories of some large delegates who "arrived in Jiaxing in two days".
Clarifying whether the representative and Wang Huiwu arrived in Jiaxing on the same day or in two days has become a key to determining the time for the Jiaxing Nanhu Conference.
[Concurrent] Chen Shuilin, a professor at the Red Boat Spirit Research Center of Jiaxing University? Because all the representatives and Wang Huiwu himself recalled that the meeting was held in the morning, if the delegates only arrived in Jiaxing at 12:20, the meeting can only be in? It was held in the afternoon, and it was impossible for the delegates to arrive in Jiaxing in two batches on the same day.
The Wang meeting can only come to Jiaxing one day in advance to make preparations.
?? Based on this judgment,?? We confirm?? August 2?? Wang Huiwu will come to Jiaxing in advance to prepare for the meeting,?? After preparing, the delegates will take the morning express train on August 3 ?? Arrived in Jiaxing.
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[Explanation] So far, combined with the more pursuit and evaluation work that we have not yet fully presented to the audience in the program, we have been able to roughly form a complete timeline of the progress of the conference.
On the evening of July 30th, a CCP conference hall was harassed by French concession patrols. From July 31st to August 1st, the representatives of a large party of the Communist Party of China may have a small-scale exchange of opinions in Shanghai, and the final decision was made by Wang Huiwu. Comrades went to Jiaxing on August 2 to prepare for the meeting. On August 3, the rest of the delegates arrived in Jiaxing by train. After the Nanhu Red Boat meeting, most of the delegates returned to Shanghai by train that night.
?[Concurrent] Wang Zuqiang, Deputy Director of the Party History and Literature Research Office of the Zhejiang Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China
In fact, its value?? importance?? not only lies in the ship,?? not only at that point, but?? the long river of history, one is the new Long March,?? we have to continue walking, ?? Another one is that we are not taking an ordinary road, ?? We are walking the road to rush the exam, ?? We are to answer questions, ?? Lost the people.
?? Can't answer this question well, we don't have the consciousness of rushing the exam,?? Then our motivation will be lost.
?? To celebrate the 100th anniversary of the founding of the party, to refine the red spirit,?? The main purpose is to form a consensus,?? Continue to move forward.
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?[Concurrent] Professor of Zhejiang University Wang Jinmei, a representative of the Communist Party of China, Wang Minghua, descendant
The people in our family have no other rhetoric, just to follow the Communist Party,?? In the process of serving the people,?? Have the pioneering spirit of the world,?? You have no ideals, and you can't talk about opening the world.
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[Commentary] On June 21, 2005, Xi Jinping, then secretary of the Zhejiang Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China, published a signed article "Promoting the "Red Boat Spirit" and Walking in the Forefront of the Times" in Guangming Daily, and publicly proposed the concept of "Red Boat Spirit" for the first time. ："Open the world, dare to be the first, firm ideals, persevere, establish the party for the public, and be loyal to the people. This is the source of the Chinese revolutionary spirit and the profound connotation of the'Red Ship Spirit'", October 31, 2017, the party’s Only one week after the closing of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee Xi Jinping led all members of the Politburo Standing Committee from Beijing to Shanghai and Jiaxing to pay tribute to the site of the First Congress of the Communist Party of China in Shanghai and the Red Boat in Nanhu Lake, Jiaxing, review the history of the party, and revisit the party oath.
Shen Yishan Zang Chengeng reports from Hangzhou, Zhejiang
Editor in charge: [Wang Kai]