The government work report mentions "employment" 36 times
Give priority to employment, how to achieve cohesion and efficiency
【Economy Interface】
Employment is the biggest livelihood of the people.
my country has a population of 1.4 billion and a labor force of 900 million. Solving the employment problem has always been a major task for economic and social development.
This year's government work report puts forward the employment target for 2021: More than 11 million new jobs will be created in urban areas, and the urban surveyed unemployment rate will be around 5.5%, which is an increase from the 9 million people in 2020.
As 2021 is the first year of the "14th Five-Year Plan", how can my country maintain overall stability in employment amidst the uncertainties of the world economy and further achieve more adequate and higher-quality employment?
The employment situation faces three major challenges
[Say by number]
Faced with an extremely complicated situation, with the efforts of all parties, my country finally achieved an overall stable employment situation last year, which was better than expected-11.86 million new jobs were created in urban areas, exceeding the target task of 9 million; the annual surveyed unemployment rate averaged 5.6 %, lower than the 6% control target; the overall employment rate of college graduates reached more than 90% at the end of last year, and the number of poor laborers reached 32.43 million, a year-on-year increase of over 10%.
Looking through this year's government work report, there are 36 references to the word "employment".
The report pointed out that “employment is the biggest livelihood of the people, and the mainstay of the market is also to stabilize employment and protect the people's livelihood.” “Employment priority policies should continue to be strengthened and work together to increase efficiency”.
"The new crown pneumonia epidemic has brought a great impact on economic and social development and employment. In the face of severe challenges, the Party Central Committee and the State Council have issued a series of'employment stabilization' policies to deal with the epidemic, adopting a proactive fiscal policy, a prudent monetary policy, and employment. Prioritize policies and implement more active employment stabilization measures. The introduction of these combined policies has exceeded expectations, ensuring the overall stability of the employment situation, and the work of stabilizing employment and ensuring employment has achieved remarkable results." Mo, Vice President of the Chinese Academy of Labor and Social Security Sciences Rong told reporters.
"While affirming our achievements, we are also clearly aware of the difficulties and challenges we are facing." This year's government work report pointed out that the new crown pneumonia epidemic is still spreading globally, the international situation has increased instability and uncertainty, and the world economic situation is complex and severe.
There are still weak links in domestic epidemic prevention and control, economic recovery is not yet solid, household consumption is still restricted, investment growth is insufficient, small, medium and micro enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households have more difficulties, and there is greater pressure to stabilize employment.
In answering questions from Chinese and foreign reporters a few days ago, Premier Li Keqiang said that employment pressure is still great this year. There are about 14 million new laborers in urban areas, including 9.09 million college graduates, a record high. It is also necessary to ensure the employment of veterans. Seventy-eight million migrant workers provide opportunities for part-time work.
"So this year when we formulate macro policies, we still adhere to the policy of giving priority to employment. We will continue to promote the'six stability', implement the'six guarantees', and put employment in the first place. The employment-related policies and measures introduced last year are not only non-existent. The adjustment and the increase, other policies must be conducive to employment."
Zhang Jinan, Minister of Human Resources and Social Security, believes that the overall judgment is that as the economy stabilizes and improves, employment will continue to be generally stable, but there are still many uncertain and unstable factors, and the employment situation is still more complicated.
First of all, the pressure on total employment remains unabated. Approximately 14 million new laborers will be added in urban areas this year. At the same time, structural contradictions are still prominent. Difficulties in employment and recruitment coexist. The employment rate of technical and skilled personnel exceeds 2, that is, one At least two positions for technical talents are waiting for him; in addition, the impact of the epidemic is complex and changeable, and the pressure of "external defense import and internal defense rebound" is also relatively high, which has added uncertainty and risk challenges to this year's employment.
Continue to implement the employment priority policy
【policy】
The government work report puts forward that during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, "implement the employment priority strategy and expand employment capacity." This year, we will "focus on stabilizing existing positions, and continue to provide necessary fiscal, taxation, financial and other policy support to companies that do not lay off but less layoffs."
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, my country has implemented the strategy of giving priority to employment in depth.
After the Central Economic Work Conference at the end of 2018 first proposed the employment priority policy, the 2019 government work report further clarified the employment priority policy as one of the three macro policies, and proposed strengthening the coordination and cooperation of macro policies.
The employment priority policy is fully exerted, which fully embodies the people-centered development thinking.
This year, my country has set a target of more than 11 million new jobs in cities and towns.
Premier Li Keqiang said that the market should play the leading role in employment, that is, continue to ensure employment by protecting market players.
On the one hand, it promotes job stabilization and job creation, and on the other hand expands employment channels.
Mo Rong said that employment is the "source" and "stabilizer" of economic and social development.
Over the years, in the face of complex and volatile international and domestic situations, the Party Central Committee and the State Council have persisted in implementing the active employment policy, taking steady growth and employment protection as the lower limit of a reasonable range of economic operations.
This year's government work report proposed that the employment priority policy should continue to be strengthened, and efforts should be made to increase efficiency.
Efforts will be made to stabilize existing positions and continue to provide necessary fiscal, taxation, financial and other policy support to companies that do not lay off but less layoffs.
Continue to reduce unemployment and work-related injury insurance rates, expand the scope of benefits of phased job stabilization policies such as unemployment insurance rebates, and extend the implementation period of the work-for-training policy.
Broaden market-oriented employment channels and promote entrepreneurship to drive employment.
From the central to the local level, stabilizing and promoting employment has become the top priority of people's livelihood work.
By granting employment and entrepreneurship subsidies, Guangdong reduces costs for enterprises by nearly 2 billion yuan per year on average, involving more than 1 million person-times; Zhejiang uses live broadcasts to bring goods and other "outlets" to promote various new business training such as "net celebrities".
According to incomplete statistics, more than 500 training sessions have been organized, training 26,500 person-times; Shanxi has played the role of the “employment and entrepreneurship service station” and “public welfare service station” in the relocation area for poverty alleviation and relocation, and carried out information management, skills training, and training for the relocated labor force. Employment and entrepreneurship services, at least one vocational training and three vocational introduction services are provided for the relocated labor force in need...
Employment of college graduates is the top priority
【background】
The number of college graduates in 2021 reached 9.09 million, a record high. In addition, there are still many unemployed graduates in the past who are seeking jobs, and the task of promoting employment is even more important in the context of increasing environmental uncertainties at home and abroad.
Regarding how to promote the employment of college graduates, Li Zhong, the deputy minister of human resources and social security, pointed out that in the next step, the employment of college graduates will be the top priority of the employment work, and the employment and entrepreneurship promotion plan for college graduates will be implemented.
Through measures such as tuition compensation, high salary grades, and employment subsidies, graduates will be guided to serve in urban and rural communities, and to find jobs in fields that are in urgent need of talents such as education and medical care.
At the same time, the recruitment scale of grassroots projects such as "three branches and one support" will be stabilized.
Shi Daning, the vice president of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, suggested that college graduates should be guided and encouraged to work at the grassroots level, not only to transport talents to the grassroots level, but also an important way to broaden the employment channels for college graduates.
Establish a systematic grassroots employment guidance and training mechanism for college students, and improve the career paths of young grassroots workers.
Grassroots units should improve and implement preferential policies and career development paths for grassroots employment, include college graduates in the scope of local talent policy support, and provide housing, medical care, and settlement support for qualified ones.
Liu Yonghao, chairman of New Hope Group, suggested implementing the “Agricultural Talents Going to the Countryside” plan. The state will allocate a portion of funds to support fresh graduates to work in rural areas. A subsidy of 10,000 yuan per person per year and continuous subsidy for 3 years can be adopted to reduce the number of The income gap of urban employees.
Zhang Jinan said that in the next step, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security will implement the employment priority policy and provide targeted employment services for the unemployed, college graduates, migrant workers and other key groups.
"We must focus on stabilizing employment positions, stabilize the basic employment market by ensuring market players, continue to implement policies such as absorbing employment subsidies, unemployment insurance stabilizing job returns, and working for training." Zhang Jinan said, we must strive to broaden employment channels and support development Labor-intensive industries, support small, medium and micro enterprises, support laborers to start their own businesses, improve the labor security system for flexible employment, and further expand the employment space.
Resolve structural contradictions by improving skills
【phenomenon】
In the National Vocational Skills Competition organized by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security last year, not only the competition on the court was in full swing, but the competition was also extremely fierce. Among them, an 18-year-old vocational and technical college student won the championship of the Internet of Things skills competition. After the game, several companies rushed to ask for it, and finally signed a letter of intent with a company for a million-year salary.
"The outstanding manifestation of the current employment structural contradiction in our country is the coexistence of employment difficulties and recruitment difficulties. Some workers cannot find suitable jobs, and some companies cannot recruit suitable employees." Li Zhong said, one of the important reasons is the position. Demand and labor supply do not match, and the vocational skills of workers do not meet the needs of the job.
Take the traditional construction industry as an example. At present, there are many difficulties in attracting employment in this industry. The migrant workers born in the 50s and 60s are about to "close the curtain". The migrant workers born in the 70s and 80s are in short supply, and there are very few migrant workers born in the 90s and 00s. The "three-stage" dilemma has become a phenomenon that cannot be ignored.
"The problem of migrant workers' "intergenerational faults" is becoming more and more serious. The labor force is decreasing year by year, and there is still a shortage of high-quality construction workers." According to Zou Bin, the quality manager of the General Contracting Company of China Construction Fifth Bureau, the promotion of "migrant workers" is accelerated. "The transition to a new type of construction industry worker is imminent.
It is necessary to promote the creation of a new generation of construction technology industry and undertake the transfer of talents with new platforms to form a two-way virtuous circle of "optimization and cultivation of talent teams-enterprise development, transformation and upgrading".
One more skill, one more skill, one more job opportunity.
Baidu Chairman and CEO Li Yanhong suggested that the construction of professional disciplines in the field of artificial intelligence in colleges and universities should be further strengthened, and the construction of artificial intelligence vocational and technical education systems should be accelerated to help young students master new skills and achieve high-quality employment.
Yang Zhen, deputy director of the Equipment Manufacturing Department of Foshan Technician College in Guangdong Province, suggested that through accelerating the implementation of the craftsman-type skilled talent cultivation project and the construction of a public intelligent manufacturing training center, the country's equipment manufacturing skills talent cultivation needs can be better met.
Relying on economic development to drive new jobs
【trend】
The data shows that with the rapid development of the digital economy, new forms of employment are developing rapidly. New forms of employment create new opportunities. At present, self-employment, free or self-employed employment, and new forms of employment are becoming more and more flexible and diverse forms of employment, which are becoming important channels for absorbing employment. Since last year, my country's sharing economy, live broadcast economy, and digital economy have spawned a large number of jobs. At present, 200 million people in my country have achieved flexible employment, many of which are new forms of employment that rely on the Internet.
"The platform-based and flexible new employment form is an important carrier for achieving stable employment. The new employment form has the characteristics of large employment capacity, low entry and exit barriers, flexibility and part-time work, forming a'reservoir' and a'buffer' , Complements each other with standardized employment in the labor market,” said Ma Huateng, Chairman and CEO of Tencent.
"Solving the employment problem fundamentally depends on economic development." Mo Rong believes that at present, my country is accelerating the construction of a new development pattern with domestic and international cycles as the main body and mutual promotion of domestic and international double cycles.
Domestic demand will continue to expand, China's economy has strong growth resilience, and the Chinese market has broad room for growth.
In the future, my country will be based on the domestic big cycle and promote the double cycle, which will bring major changes to the job market.
He pointed out that my country has made employment promotion an important part of economic and social development during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, put forward a series of new requirements, and clarified a series of major tasks.
It is necessary to fully understand its important significance and accurately grasp its basic connotation.
Experts generally said that during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, my country's total employment pressure will continue to exist, structural contradictions will become more prominent, and the employment pressure of key groups will continue to increase.
At the same time, the contradiction between the new employment pattern and the traditional employment system will begin to become prominent, and these problems will challenge my country's employment work.
To this end, during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, it is necessary to continue to strengthen the active employment policy, adhere to the employment priority strategy and policy, and promote the coordination of the three macroeconomic policies of employment priority policy, proactive fiscal policy, and prudent monetary policy.
The employment policy has been improved, the fiscal policy has become more proactive, and the monetary policy has become more stable, so as to jointly support the development of the real economy.
(Our reporter Qiu Yue)