How to solve the problem of pension
On March 9th, at Caochang Community Pension Station in Dongcheng District, Beijing, the staff introduced the latest pension subsidy policy to an elderly person.
China Youth Daily·China Youth Daily reporter Wang Jiaxing/Photo
The country is working hard to ease the social pension pressure of "six working-age people raising one elderly".
"Actively responding to population aging" has become a national strategy. This year's government work report puts forward the need to "improve a multi-level social security system", and for the first time proposed "standardize the development of the third pillar of pension insurance."
At present, the aging of the population is a reality that has to be accepted.
According to the latest statement from the National Development and Reform Commission, during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, China is expected to enter a moderately aging stage.
Data from the National Bureau of Statistics show that in the past 30 years, the dependency ratio of the elderly population in China has increased to 17.8%.
This shows that every 100 working-age population has to bear about 17.8 elderly people, which means that one elderly person needs about 6 working-age people to bear the burden.
Liu Qingmin, a deputy to the National People's Congress, said that with the increasing aging of society, there are more and more left-behind old people and empty-nest old people everywhere, and the issue of old people's support should be paid attention to.
In rural areas, due to the fact that the material conditions, infrastructure, and supporting systems are lagging behind those of the cities, the rural elderly are provided with support, and their material and spiritual living conditions are more difficult than those in the urban areas.
Some children ignore the obligation to provide for the elderly.
A small number of people have a low level of cultural education, weak legal awareness and moral concepts, and there are phenomena that children do not fulfill their duty of support due to family conflicts, family property distribution and other issues.
The situation in the city is not optimistic either.
According to data in 2016, there are 460 elderly care institutions in Beijing with an elderly care license, housing 41,000 elderly people. Compared with the population of the elderly registered in Beijing over 60 years old, only 1.3% of the elderly registered in Beijing live in In elderly care institutions, 98.7% of Beijing residents with registered permanent residence are at home and do not live in elderly care institutions.
The aging of the population is an irreversible trend all over the world.
The United Nations report on the issue of aging pointed out that "the phenomenon of population aging is unprecedented, and no similar situation has occurred in human history."
The report said that the most important feature of the population evolution in the Asia-Pacific region in the next 50 years is the rapid aging of the population of countries that are still in the development stage.
Governments will be under increasing pressure.
In order to share the pressure of young people's care for the elderly, the government supported many communities to build day care centers during the "13th Five-Year Plan" period. At that time, it was planned to build a day care center in each community.
Zhang Lin, a representative of the National People's Congress and a professor of Hunan University, has conducted relevant investigations.
She introduced that the day care center assumes the fulcrum function of home care.
The central government has invested a total of 5 billion yuan in support of the nationwide home and community elderly care service reform pilot work, and a total of 203 regions have been included in the pilot program.
Zhang Guangdong, a member of the CPPCC National Committee and deputy secretary-general of the Henan Provincial Committee of the CPPCC, specially counted that 14 times in the "Proposal of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Formulating the Fourteenth Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development and Long-Term Goals for 2035" "Elderly care" fully shows that the party and the government attach great importance to the development of the elderly care industry and the elderly care industry.
"The rapid growth of the elderly population is forming huge social pressures, while new domestic demand is rapidly forming." Sheng Songen, a member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and deputy chairman of Jiu San Society of Zhejiang Province, said that this brings strategic development opportunities to the undeveloped "silver hair market" .
"Synchronizing with the development of the elderly care industry and accelerating the development of the silver hair industry should be an important way to actively respond to the aging of the population."
Sheng Songen said that the "silver hair industry" not only brings welfare to the elderly, but also has the characteristics of a long industrial chain and a wide range of fields. It has a driving effect on upstream and downstream industries and is an important potential space for domestic demand growth.
The development of the "Silver Economy" is not only a requirement for improving the well-being of the elderly and building a better society under the background of aging, but also a new driving force for promoting domestic economic growth and supply-side reforms.
Beijing Chenghe Jingdong City Caochang Community Elderly Station Postmaster Liu Baosan, born in the 1980s, told China Youth Daily and China Youth Daily that he entered the elderly care industry four years ago and pays attention to the National People’s Congress and the National People’s Congress every year. The words are extremely sensitive.
Seeing that this year’s government work report "increased pensions so high", he said, "Although serving the'sunset red' group, it is increasingly felt that this is a sunrise industry."
According to Zheng Bingwen, member of the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and director of the World Social Security Research Center of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, “the aging of the population will have a profound and significant impact on my country’s economy and society, and the pension system will bear the brunt.” Consolidating the pension system is a response The "hundred-year plan" of aging.
Regarding the "third pillar of endowment insurance" mentioned in the government work report, Zheng Bingwen said that we must get out of the pension model with Chinese characteristics.
"The common feature of the world's top 8 countries with pension assets exceeding 100% of GDP is that they do not have sovereign pension funds and reserve funds. However, the second and third pillars are particularly developed, and the combined pension assets are dozens of times that of the first pillar. China is just the opposite. Our first pillar is several times the combined scale of the second and third pillars."
"An important indicator of whether a country’s pension system is asset-based is the level of development of the second and third pillars." Zheng Bingwen explained that there is a big gap between my country and developed countries in this regard. It is a real multi-level pension system."
Zheng Bingwen believes that young people are very likely to usher in a better and better development situation for the second and third pillars.
"The old-age care faced by young people in the future has a lot to do with the actions and preparations they made when they were young. They have to face pension and financial management from the moment they are employed, "you must get involved and do it yourself."
China Youth Daily and China Youth Daily reporter Geng Xueqing and Li Chenhe Source: China Youth Daily