(Interview between the two sessions) Lin Yifu's "Problem Solving" Three Questions about China's Economy: Aircraft Carriers Can Still Move Forward Stably in Winds and Waves
China News Service, Beijing, March 9th. Title: Lin Yifu's "Problem Solving" Three Questions about China's Economy: Aircraft Carriers Can Still Move Forward Stably in Winds and Waves
China News Agency reporter Xia Bin
In a new stage of development, China has to face challenges to tap its potential.
How to break the "stuck neck" of key technical equipment?
Will the demographic dividend still exist in the context of aging?
How can the "train" running towards common prosperity ensure that no one is left behind?
For the above three key issues related to China’s economic development, Lin Yifu, deputy director of the Economic Committee of the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and dean of the Institute of New Structural Economics of Peking University, gave answers in an interview with China News Agency and other media on the 9th. Compared to an aircraft carrier, it can still move forward steadily in wind and waves.
——Take advantage of our own advantages
As China, which has the world’s largest market and maintains stable and healthy development, has a huge “magnetism” for every foreign company. China will never close its door to opening up. It has always actively advocated economic globalization and is facing political factors. China is not afraid of the "stuck neck" problem in China.
Lin Yifu first emphasized that each country should give full play to its comparative advantages and form a complete global industrial chain with each other. China will continue to expand and open up so that more foreign products can enter China with lower tariffs. China also wants its own products. , Technology, and capital can enter the international market, so that the exchange of what is needed can promote the development of various countries.
Regarding the very few products or technologies that may be "stuck", Lin Yifu bluntly said: "China should use its own system advantages to tackle key problems. I believe that China has reached the current stage of development. Regardless of any product or technology, as long as there is determination, it should be It can be conquered in a short time."
He also said that based on past experience, as long as China succeeds in tackling key problems, not only will it not be "stuck", but it will also be able to provide China itself and the world with lower-cost, higher-quality products, so anyone who wants to "stick to the neck of China" China’s attempt is nothing more than to accelerate China’s progress and speed up the opponent’s loss of competitive advantage.
—— Dividends from transfer and upgrade
When a country has a relatively large working-age population and creates favorable demographic conditions for economic development, it is said to have a demographic dividend.
As China's aging problem becomes more serious, the demographic dividend that was once no longer seems so "conspicuous."
Lin Yifu pointed out that when surplus rural labor is transferred to manufacturing, labor productivity will increase accordingly, and the value that the same labor can create will increase. As long as the labor is re-allocated, dividends will be generated, which is a very important source of demographic dividends.
He further explained that from the current situation in China, the rural labor force now accounts for about 30% of the total labor force, but the agricultural labor force in developed countries generally accounts for less than 5%. For example, the United States is currently about 1%. In other words, the future Chinese labor force There is still huge room for shifting from rural areas to manufacturing.
More importantly, China's manufacturing industry is constantly upgrading.
Lin Yifu said that China’s manufacturing industry has shifted from being labor-intensive to capital-intensive, and then further to technology-intensive. The added value generated by this process will continue to increase, and the labor force will continue to increase from low-value-added manufacturing to higher The value of manufacturing shifts, which will also generate dividends.
From this, Lin Yifu concluded that China’s demographic dividend will continue for a long time under the circumstances of labor transfer and industry upgrading.
——The essence of development is for the people
The draft of the "14th Five-Year Plan" and the 2035 long-term goal outline proposes that during the "14th Five-Year" period, "all people will take solid steps to achieve common prosperity", and in 2035, "the common prosperity of all people will be more obvious and substantial progress".
Lin Yifu pointed out that the realization of common prosperity essentially embodies the important connotation of "development for the people". People are not a minority, but include all people. Some of them live in cities, some in rural areas, and some families are relatively wealthy. Some families have relatively low incomes. In order to achieve common prosperity, we must first have economic development, create more wealth, and support disadvantaged places and groups in the process.
Lin Yifu said that compared with cities, rural areas need to be further improved in terms of infrastructure, public services, living environment, and employment opportunities. In cities, there are also low-income people who need equal educational opportunities and adequate social security. This needs to be implemented in accordance with the "sharing" principle in the new development concept.
He said that during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period and in the future development process, the government should continue to provide more policy support to areas with relatively backward income levels and development levels in accordance with changes in development, and should also allow different groups of people to enjoy them fairly. Public services and basic medical security, "Going in this direction, we can not only increase the average income level, but also improve everyone's quality of life and development opportunities." (End)