Pet baker, secret room designer, Hanfu stylist... the
new "Era of odd jobs"
On March 4, Chuangye Street, Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing, entrepreneurs were moving around in the garage coffee shop, looking for opportunities for entrepreneurship and cooperation.
On the same day, the Fourth Session of the 13th CPPCC National Committee opened in Beijing. This session will listen to and discuss government work reports, discuss the "14th Five-Year Plan" and the draft outline of 2035 long-term goals.
China Youth Daily·China Youth Daily reporter Li Zhengyu/Photo
The era of the "gig economy" is coming.
The familiar takeaway boy has become one of the new professions officially announced last year by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, the State Administration of Market Supervision and the National Bureau of Statistics in the name of "online delivery person".
Today, the concept of "parties" is still being enriched-anchors, pet baker, secret room designer, Hanfu stylist, milk tea taster, takeaway operator, receptionist, maker instructor and other new professions are enriched More and more young people have employment options.
In a report issued by the National Institute of Development and Strategy, Renmin University of China, these flexible employments that emphasize improvisation, creativity and flexible response are called "spiritual workers."
On the morning of the 5th, Premier Li Keqiang of the State Council pointed out in his government work report that "support the construction of various labor markets, talent markets, and gig markets, open up employment opportunities, and create more fair employment opportunities for those who are willing and capable." At this time, there was enthusiastic applause.
The development of the Internet economy is changing flexible employment methods from "employment spare tires" to "great prospects."
Many people's employment relationship has changed from "company + employee" to "platform + employee", but there is no relevant system guarantee.
Gao Xiaomei, member of the Standing Committee of the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and vice chairman of the National Revolutionary Committee of the People’s Republic of China, noted that although the concept of flexible employment has appeared in government documents for about 20 years, it has not been fully included in the scope of supervision by labor administrative departments. Become an area with a high incidence of labor disputes.
It is precisely for this reason that Chai Xianyu, a representative of the National People’s Congress and mail receiver and dispatcher of China Post Shanghai Branch, paid special attention to this sentence in this year’s government work report: continue to provide social security subsidies to flexible employees, and promote liberalization of participation in society in places of employment. Household registration restrictions for insurance.
In his view, this is equivalent to a "reassurance" for flexible employees.
New "parties" can only eat "youth meal"?
Ma Huateng, a representative of the National People’s Congress and Chairman of Tencent’s board of directors, said that according to his research, there are currently about 200 million flexible employees in my country, and a large part of them have chosen new forms of employment based on the Internet, including e-commerce logistics, online food delivery, and online appointments. Car, live broadcast, online literature, self-media, etc.
In his view, this new form of employment has the characteristics of large employment capacity, low entry and exit barriers, and strong flexibility. It has become a "reservoir" and "buffer" for all people's employment.
Young people are the main force in the "gig economy" era.
According to statistics from related companies, the average age of ride-hailing drivers on the Didi platform is 37 years old.
The riders on the takeaway platform Ele.me are younger, with an average age of 31 years. Among them, the post-90s riders account for 47%, and the post-95 riders have the fastest growth.
Since the outbreak of the new crown pneumonia epidemic, 12,000 post-00s college students have started part-time delivery of food.
In addition, there are many young people who choose to do live broadcasts, shoot videos, design secret rooms...
The Youth Rights Protection Department of the League Central Committee and the Institute of Sociology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences will focus on online delivery personnel, online anchors, all-media operators, online literature writers, e-sports players, emerging Internet technology practitioners, new professional farmers, etc. 7 Young groups of new occupations carried out special investigations and formed the "Proposal on Promoting the Growth and Development of Young Professionals in New Occupations" (hereinafter referred to as "Proposals").
The proposal mentioned that young new “gig workers” generally face real difficulties such as highly differentiated group demands, insufficient social security coverage, high growth and development pressure, and low social identity.
An anchor said that when he first came into contact with this industry, he always heard some negative voices, such as "Anchors rely on being young and beautiful to make money?" "Isn't a legitimate profession" and so on.
In addition, the survey shows that nearly half of the interviewed new professional youth believe that it is possible to lose their jobs in the next six months, which is much higher than the 21.8% of the national working youth.
Ma Huateng believes that it is necessary to help flexible employees solve the problem of only eating "youth meal".
He suggested broadening the channels for flexible employment groups to participate in social security, improving flexible employment-related statistics and comprehensive evaluation mechanisms, optimizing information, identification, and matching services for new employment forms, and establishing a lifelong learning and employment training system that adapts to the digital society to provide employment difficulties for groups Provide free online courses and employment guidance services, and build a "digital school" for lifelong learning for workers.
Do not let new employment forms become synonymous with the lack of protection of workers' rights and interests
According to the "China Flexible Employment Development Report" jointly researched and released by the largest domestic enterprise dedicated to flexible employment services and research, Renrui Talent and the School of Labor and Human Resources of Renmin University of China, in 2020, 55.68% of enterprises are using flexible employment, compared with the previous year Compared with the survey results, the proportion of enterprises that use flexible labor has increased by about 11% in the overall proportion of enterprises.
With the continuous expansion of flexible employment groups, relevant institutional guarantees become more important.
According to Gao Xiaomei's survey, platform companies use their dominant position to unilaterally change the remuneration standards, etc., a single practitioner is unable to resist, and platform workers are obviously at a disadvantage.
At present, most of the platform practitioners are not "covered" by social security.
"The social security problem of platform employment will ultimately be resolved by the national social security system."
In addition, Gao Xiaomei also noticed that some order-receiving platforms outsource the distribution business. Outsourcing companies recruit riders, but they do not register for them with the company. Instead, riders are required to register for an account on a certain platform in order to receive wages.
However, when registering an account, the rider is also registered as an "individual industrial and commercial household" by default, and then the outsourcing company or employment platform signs a labor contract with the rider.
But since then, there is no labor relationship between the various platform companies on the related chain and the rider.
Some platform employment models have evolved through "labor service" to de-labor relations.
In this regard, Gao Xiaomei suggested that a series of platform employment contract model texts should be formulated, and special regulations for platform employment should be formulated.
Establish a special social insurance for platform practitioners as soon as possible, and establish a special social insurance for platform practitioners as soon as possible.
In a survey conducted by the League Central Committee on new professional youths, Zhu Di, a researcher at the Institute of Sociology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, found that one-quarter of new professional youths did not participate in social or commercial insurance, and social insurance coverage for e-sportsmen, web anchors and online literature writers The lowest rate.
Zhang Wei, a member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, chairman and CEO of Beijing Xuanshi Tangmen Cultural Investment Co., Ltd., has been engaged in online writing for many years. He found that many online literature writers did not have the awareness of paying pension insurance and medical insurance. This needs to be supplemented at the national level. Shortcomings also need to educate and guide practitioners to take the initiative to follow up social security measures.
Li Jun, the deputy mayor of Dongguan City, Guangdong Province and the deputy chairman of the Guangdong Provincial Committee of the National Revolutionary Committee, told the China Youth Daily and China Youth Daily that many young people open online stores and do live broadcasts at home, but do not have a registered enterprise entity, so they are participating Social insurance and work-related injury insurance are more troublesome.
In addition, if online ride-hailing drivers and takeaway riders have disputes with related Internet platforms, it is difficult to deal with them in traditional ways.
She suggested that the establishment of social security mechanisms and labor dispute settlement rules for new forms of employment should be studied as soon as possible.
Yang Weiguo, Dean of the School of Labor and Human Resources, Renmin University of China, believes that the new employment pattern is constantly changing the employment pattern dominated by the industrial economy, posing a challenge to the government's employment policy.
"We may not be able to examine new employment patterns with traditional employment models, let alone make new employment patterns synonymous with the lack of protection of workers' rights and interests."
The rise of the "gig economy" is presenting new challenges to the government and society, but at the same time it is also bringing new opportunities.
Wu Yunbo, deputy to the National People's Congress and Party branch secretary of Dongsalagacha Village, Bayantalasumu Township, Zharut Banner, Tongliao City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is also one of the beneficiaries.
He told a reporter from China Youth Daily and China Youth Daily that last year, the new crown pneumonia epidemic caused several steak shops and catering shops under the village's cooperative to suspend business, and many young people in the village were unable to go out to work because of the epidemic, and some were idle at home. month.
In this regard, Wu Yunbo's solution is to let young people take videos and do live broadcasts at home.
Before the epidemic, he tried to sell goods through live video broadcast, and the effect was not bad. He led the young people in the village to follow suit.
In a year, he has accumulated more than 1 million fans, and eight or nine young people in the village have also started live broadcasting. Some sell beef, "a income of several hundred thousand yuan a year"; some sell shoes, "Building a group of hundreds of people, still do business at home."
In the past two years, East Sarah Gacha Village has installed a 5G network and has a courier delivery point.
Wu Yunbo is more confident. He encourages young people in the village not to worry about work.
"As long as you dare to do it and work hard, you can get good results in everything."
China Youth Daily and China Youth Daily reporter Wang Lin, Zhao Limei and Geng Xueqing Source: China Youth Daily