The "Proposal" of the "14th Five-Year Plan" proposes to implement a gradual delay in the legal retirement age.

Since the delay in retirement is related to the vital interests of the people, a single stone has stirred up waves, and everyone has talked about the impact of delay in retirement.

So why did the central government propose to implement a gradual delay in the statutory retirement age?

What impact might the implementation of this plan have?

How to steadily advance the delay of retirement to avoid creating new social conflicts?

　　1

　　Delayed retirement into the "plan implementation" stage

　　In recent years, the topic of delaying retirement has continued to attract attention from all walks of life.

As early as November 2008, the person in charge of the Institute of Social Security of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security stated that the relevant departments were planning to extend the retirement age when conditions were ripe.

In 2012, the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan for Social Security" jointly formulated by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, the Development and Reform Commission and other departments was released, which proposed "study on the policy of flexible delay in pension age."

　　Since then, the argument that the state will implement a delay in the statutory retirement age has been unbroken.

Nowadays, related formulations have moved from "research and formulation" to the "plan implementation" stage.

Industry insiders believe that, compared with the "13th Five-Year Plan", the planning proposal emphasizes implementation, which means that it must be truly "moved". From top-level design to action, raising the statutory retirement age has become a general trend.

　　It is understood that the average life expectancy in my country has increased from about 40 years old in the early days of the founding of New China to 77.3 years old in 2019. However, the statutory retirement age of 60 for men, 55 for female officials and 50 for female employees established in the early days of New China is nearly No adjustments have been made in 70 years.

　　Delaying retirement is an effective response to the actual needs of an aging population.

Some experts said that during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, there is a very severe "window period". The population born during the "baby boom" in 1963 will soon be over 60 years old, which will lead to a rapid decrease in the number of people who pay for my country's pension insurance. , The number of recipients increased rapidly, and the implementation of delaying the legal retirement age must be put on the agenda during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period.

Some experts also said that with the average age of the Chinese population increasing, premature retirement is also a huge waste of human resources.

　　From an international horizontal comparison, my country's current retirement age is also relatively low.

According to the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, in recent years, the United States, Germany, Japan and other countries have gradually increased the legal retirement age to 65 or even higher.

　　Experts said that delaying the statutory retirement age can not only avoid waste of human resources, but also increase pension income sources and reduce pension expenditure pressure, which is very necessary for maintaining the normal operation of the pension system.

　　2

　　How to implement the plan and affect the geometry?

　　Recently, there has been a lot of discussion about how to delay the statutory retirement age, and there are two hotly discussed options: the first is to extend the retirement age to 60 for women, and then extend it to 65 simultaneously for both men and women; the second is for both men and women to retire. Lengthen, the female speed is a little faster, synchronously reach 65 years old.

　　What impact will delaying the statutory retirement age have on us?

Everyone is generally concerned about the following issues.

　　One is that the first batch of "facers" worry about the uncertainty of their work and life.

The survey shows that many born in the 70s are the most sensitive to this, because they are the first batch of people most likely to face a delayed retirement age.

A female worker close to the retirement age said: “I have planned to retire, but I was suddenly told to postpone it.” Some netizens also left messages on major platforms: Retirement age work is prone to "older diseases" such as cerebral hemorrhage, and medical treatment and medicine can be used. Is compensation subsidy given?

It's certainly impossible to work as intensively as young people when you are old. Can you spare time to exercise?

　　The second is the impact on the employment of young people.

Many people believe that for traditional industries and institutions, it is almost a pit. If the elderly do not retire or leave their jobs, then newcomers will definitely have a certain degree of difficulty in getting a promotion or promotion.

Some people also believe that nowadays new industries, new formats, and new models are emerging one after another, and new jobs are constantly being created. In addition, there are some new occupations that only require young people. Therefore, delaying the statutory retirement age has no impact on young people’s employment. So terrible.

　　Third, it may affect women's willingness to have children.

Delaying the statutory retirement age was originally a "pure drug" to solve an aging society, but it may lead to a decrease in newborns, and on the other hand, it will exacerbate the aging problem.

Many people said that after women retired at the age of 50, they could just take care of their children, reducing the pressure on young people.

If female compatriots need to work until they are 60 or 65 to retire, and no longer have the time and energy to share the pressure for their children, young people may be even more reluctant to have more children.

　　3

　　Let the policy "stabilize" and avoid new contradictions

　　Delaying the statutory retirement age policy is related to the interests of all citizens. It is necessary to take small steps and proceed steadily to avoid creating new social conflicts.

　　One is to implement differentiated delays in the statutory retirement age for different industries and types of work.

For some types of jobs, such as heavy manual workers, such as coal workers, it is unrealistic if they have to postpone their retirement until they are over 60 years old.

On the other hand, we must also consider the willingness of various types of work to delay the legal retirement age. For example, groups such as doctors and teachers may be more inclined to delay the legal retirement age.

　　The second is to consider implementing a flexible retirement system.

That is, a retirement age range is set. When employees reach the minimum retirement age, they can choose a suitable time after this age to complete the retirement procedures according to their own circumstances. When they reach the maximum retirement age, they must complete the retirement procedures.

Implementing a flexible retirement system, on the one hand, can give employees greater autonomy and embody humanistic care; on the other hand, some energetic and capable personnel can continue to stay in their jobs and use their residual heat to avoid wasting human resources.

　　The third is that pensions can be "decrease early and increase later."

Many experts said that it is not necessary to force a certain age to retire, but the pension can be “decreased early and increased later”, that is, the proportion of early retirement is lower, and late retirement can increase a certain percentage of pensions. Receipt of gold is an incentive for those who insist on working.

　　Fan Shihui