Xinhua News Agency, Kunming, February 24 -

Question: hidden and glorious - to explore the Southwest Associated underground past

　　Xinhua News Agency reporter Pang Mingguang

　　Speaking of Southwest Associated University, people's first impression is often that the masters gathered here and the stars are shining, creating a miracle in the history of modern Chinese higher education in an extremely difficult and simple environment.

　　But many people may not know that this institution of higher learning, which was born in the anti-Japanese war, also gave birth to a precious "fire seed" for the Chinese revolution.

　　The underground party members of the Southwest Associated University had to study cultural knowledge assiduously and carry out revolutionary activities in secret, writing a glorious chapter in the history of the Chinese revolution and youth movement.

Party members in a school once accounted for one-third of Yunnan

　　Walk into Yunnan Normal University, located on Yieryi Street in the center of Kunming. The former site and museum of Southwest Associated University are located deep in the campus.

The monuments of the National Southwest Associated University, the original classrooms of the Southwest Associated University, and the tombs of the four martyrs of the "One Two One" Movement remaining on the old site all tell the story of the difficult and brilliant history of running the school.

　　After the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japan, in order to preserve the lifeline of the Chinese nation’s education and culture, Peking University, Tsinghua University, and Nankai University were forced to move south to Changsha, Hunan, forming the National Changsha Temporary University.

Soon, Nanjing fell, and the Japanese army moved up the river, endangering Changsha.

In February 1938, Changsha Provisional University moved west to Yunnan, arrived in Kunming in April, and was renamed National Southwest Associated University.

　　"The three universities of Peking University, Tsinghua University, and Nankai University that make up Southwest Associated University have not only excellent academic traditions, but also glorious revolutionary traditions. For example, Peking University was the first major position in China to spread Marxism-Leninism, and it was also the first unit that the Communist Party of China established in the north. "Said Wu Baozhang, a professor at Yunnan Normal University who has long studied the history of Southwest Associated University.

　　After moving west to Kunming, the underground party members of the Southwest Associated University lost contact with the organization.

　　"It wasn't until the autumn of 1938 that the Southwest Associated University restarted the establishment of the party organization." Wu Baozhang said. In October 1938, Li Yizhou, the former secretary of the underground party branch of Chongde Middle School in Beiping, who was sent by the party organization to work in the rear, was admitted to the Southwest. After the UN General Assembly, he established a temporary party branch of the UN General Assembly with three other party members and served as the branch secretary.

　　Since then, the party organization of the Southwest United University has gradually developed and grown.

In 1940, when the number of party members in the Southwest Associated University was the largest, there were 83 party members in the school.

　　“At that time, there were only 247 party members in Yunnan province, and the Southwest Associated University accounted for one-third.” Wu Baozhang said.

　　According to the "History of Beijing University", at that time, the party organization of the Southwest Associated University was the underground party organization with the largest, most concentrated and strongest party members in Yunnan.

The underground party organization of the UN General Assembly united teachers and students and played a central role in the anti-Japanese patriotic democratic movement.

After 36 years of sacrifice, Shiren found out that she was a party member

　　According to statistics, there are 206 underground party members who have studied at the Southwest United University.

Many of them have made major contributions to the liberation of the Chinese nation, and even sacrificed their precious lives.

　　Xiong Xianghui, a Southwestern Union University student known as the “super agent” of the Chinese Communist Party, was dispatched by the party to work underground in Changsha in 1937. He won Hu Zongnan’s appreciation for his superhuman wit, courage, and tenacity, and cleverly sent the Kuomintang’s “blitz Yanan” and “Xi’an Military Conference "For important information, Chairman Mao praised him for "one person can serve several divisions."

　　Fu Dongju, an underground party member who graduated from the English major of Southwest Associated University, is the eldest daughter of the famous anti-Japanese general Fu Zuoyi.

In 1948, the Battle of Ping-Jin was about to start. The party organized Fu Dongju, who was working in Tianjin's "Ta Kung Pao", to return to his father's side, and finally played a key role in promoting the peaceful liberation of Peking.

　　Pan Yan, one of the four martyrs who died heroically in the "December 1st" tragedy, a student of Southwest Union University, until 36 years after her sacrifice, the world discovered that she was also a Communist.

　　In 1944, Pan Yan, a 29-year-old underground party member, was admitted to the Southwestern United Master and Fan Academy.

On December 1, 1945, the "December 1st" tragedy broke out in Kunming. Kuomintang agents broke into Southwest Associated University and other schools, beating and chasing students.

After Pan Yan was injured by a grenade, she still struggled to rescue other students.

The mob slammed her on the head with stones and stab her in the abdomen with iron bars. When her classmates came to rescue her, she was dying.

　　Pan Yan was only 30 years old when she died. Before she died, she urged her classmates in a faint voice: "Classmates, unite! Fight! Fight!"

　　"At that time, the organization required strict confidentiality of underground party members. Pan Yan's organizational relationship had not yet been transferred to the UN University, so no one in the school knew that she was a party member. Because of her outstanding performance in the school, the underground party branch of Southwestern Associated University planned to develop her to join the party. Peripheral organization "Democratic Youth League" (abbreviated as "Minqing")." said Long Meiguang, deputy curator of the Southwest Associated Museum of Yunnan Normal University.

　　It was not until February 1981 that "Comrade Pan Yan is a member of the Communist Party of China" was confirmed by the Organization Department of the Central Committee, and her party membership was not known to future generations.

　　Wu Baozhang said that for more than 8 years since the Southwest Associated University has been running a school, 15 teachers and students have given their precious lives to fight for the country's independence and democracy, and 10 of them are underground party members.

　　"The underground party organization of Southwestern Associated University is a grassroots party organization of the Communist Party of China, but it is not an ordinary grassroots party organization." Wu Baozhang said, the "One Two One" movement that set off a domestic anti-civil war and struggle for democracy It was carried out under the direct leadership of the Southwest Associated Congress Party Organization.

"This is also the third milestone in the history of the Chinese youth movement after the May 4th Movement and the'December 9'Movement."

The red memory of the UN General Assembly inspires future generations

　　After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the three universities of Peking University, Tsinghua University, and Nankai that formed the Southwest Associated University returned to the north, while the Southwest Associated University Master and Normal College stayed and became the present Yunnan Normal University.

　　In September 2011, Yunnan Normal University established the Southwest Associated University Museum on the basis of the original "One Two One" Movement Memorial Hall.

The former site and museum of the Southwest Associated University have been listed as one of the first hundred patriotic education demonstration bases in the country, the national red tourism classic scenic spot, and the national key cultural relics protection unit.

　　Li Hongying, curator of the Southwest Associated University Museum of Yunnan Normal University, introduced that the former site and museum of the Southwest Associated University receive more than 900,000 visitors from home and abroad each year, of which no less than 100,000 youth education is carried out each year.

The museum has also set up a volunteer interpretation team for students, which provides more than 5,000 volunteer interpretation sessions every year.

　　Qian Guangmei, a 2019 graduate of Yunnan Normal University, was once the captain of the student volunteer explanation team of the Southwest Associated University Museum.

"After four years of university, I have basically been an instructor in my spare time, weekends, winter and summer vacations, and I have to explain hundreds of sessions every year." She said, "What impressed me the most was an explanation for a visiting group of middle school students from Sichuan. After listening to the stories of underground party members of the UN General Assembly, many students were already in tears."

　　Today, Qian Guangmei has become a Chinese teacher at Yuntong Primary School in Kunming.

"On December 1st last year, I talked about the Southwestern United University Underground Party and the'One Two One' Movement in class. Children should remember history and the stories that happened in Kunming," she said.

　　Yang Yongqin, a 26-year-old party member, was also a volunteer interpreter for the Southwest Associated University Museum.

After graduating from Yunnan Normal University with a major in preschool education in 2017, she took the initiative to return to her hometown and taught at the Puge Minority Elementary School in the very remote Sanjie Town of Chuxiong City, Yunnan Province. She became the only preschool teacher in this Yi village in the alpine mountainous area.

　　“When I was an interpreter, the stories of underground party members of the Southwest United University touched me a lot. In that turbulent era, they not only studied hard, but also cared about the survival of the nation and sacrificed their lives for the revolution.” Yang Yongqin said, “I hope to Like the ancestors, go to the hard places, to the places where the motherland needs them."

　　"When the children grow up, I will also tell them the story of the Southwest United University and the underground party of the United Nations General Assembly." Yang Yongqin said.