A great cause of great significance to mankind (in-depth study and implementation of Xi Jinping's new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics)
Executive summary
Poverty is a major problem that plagues human society. Eliminating poverty is the common ideal that people all over the world dream of.
China's completion of the mission of poverty alleviation in the new era as scheduled is not only a great leap in Chinese history, but also a great contribution and profound enlightenment to the cause of human poverty reduction and the development of human society.
China has made great achievements in poverty alleviation and has written a new chapter in the history of human anti-poverty; China has achieved theoretical breakthroughs in poverty alleviation and expanded new ideas for human anti-poverty; China's poverty alleviation has global value and opened up new horizons for the development of human society.
Poverty is a major problem that plagues human society. Eliminating poverty is the common ideal that people all over the world dream of.
General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized: "To achieve a complete victory in the fight against poverty, we will resolutely complete this great cause of great significance to the Chinese nation and mankind."
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, we have organized and promoted an unprecedented fight against poverty in the history of mankind with the largest scale and the greatest strength that benefited the largest population.
After 8 years of continuous struggle, the goal of poverty alleviation in the new era was completed as scheduled. Under the current standards, all rural poor people were lifted out of poverty, and all poor counties were decapitated. Absolute poverty and regional overall poverty were eliminated. Nearly 100 million poor people were lifted out of poverty and created A miracle in the history of human poverty reduction.
China's completion of the mission of poverty alleviation in the new era as scheduled is not only a great leap in Chinese history, but also a great contribution and profound enlightenment to the cause of human poverty reduction and the development of human society.
China's great achievement in poverty alleviation-writing a new chapter in human anti-poverty history
As a chronic disease of human society, poverty and its accompanying hunger, disease, social conflicts and other problems are serious obstacles to the pursuit of a better life for mankind, and the struggle between mankind and poverty has been continuing.
In ancient and modern times, at home and abroad, most of those who pursue good governance have devoted themselves to solving the problem of poverty, but few can really solve the problem of poverty.
Since modern times, the process of industrialization and modernization has greatly promoted the development of social productive forces, and material wealth has increased sharply, but problems such as the polarization between the rich and the poor and the development gap have become more serious.
According to the 2016 State of the World's Cities Report by UN-Habitat, the number of slum dwellers in developing countries has been on the rise. It was about 690 million in 1990, about 790 million in 2000, and reached 880 million in 2014.
The gap between the rich and the poor in developed countries has shown a significant expansion.
The UN Special Rapporteur on Extreme Poverty and Human Rights Philip Alston pointed out in a report on his visit to the United States in 2018 that about 40 million people in the United States live in poverty and 18.5 million people live in extreme poverty.
In today's world, poverty eradication is still a huge challenge facing all countries in the world.
China has been plagued by poverty for a long time, and adequate food and clothing has always been the simplest wish of the Chinese people.
The old China was poor and weak, and the people were destitute of food and clothing.
According to United Nations statistics, China's per capita national income was only US$27 in 1949, far below the Asian average of US$44.
After the founding of New China, our party led the people to make unremitting efforts to eradicate poverty.
After the reform and opening up, our party carried out organized and planned large-scale developmental poverty alleviation across the country.
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has placed poverty alleviation in a prominent position in governance and administration, gave full play to the party’s leadership and the political advantages of my country’s socialist system, and adopted many original and unique innovations. Major move.
General Secretary Xi Jinping went deep into 14 concentrated contiguous areas with extreme poverty, and at every stage of poverty alleviation, he faced the difficulties and took the pulse.
The major victory in the fight against poverty has greatly enhanced the people's sense of gain, happiness, and security, and completely changed the appearance of impoverished areas.
China's great achievements in poverty alleviation have written a new chapter in the history of human anti-poverty.
According to estimates by the World Bank, according to the international poverty standard of 1.9 US dollars per capita per day, China has reduced the poverty population by more than 850 million since the reform and opening up, contributing more than 70% of the global poverty reduction.
In other words, for every 100 people lifted out of poverty worldwide, more than 70 people come from China.
According to China's current poverty standards, from 2012 to 2019, more than 10 million people in China have been steadily lifted out of poverty each year.
As the country with the largest number of people in poverty reduction in the world, China has completed the task of poverty alleviation in the new era as scheduled, and has significantly reduced the world's poor population.
In recent years, the global poverty population has not fallen but has increased, and the world's poverty reduction has encountered bottlenecks. China's achievements in poverty alleviation are particularly valuable, and it has injected confidence and strength into the world's people who are fighting for poverty reduction.
Barsena, Executive Secretary of the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, commented that China has always been committed to its own poverty eradication and actively carried out South-South cooperation. China's poverty alleviation has greatly accelerated the development of poverty reduction in the world.
The miracle of poverty reduction created by China has not only made a significant contribution to the cause of poverty reduction in the world, but also strongly promoted the development of human society and made a huge contribution to world peace, stability, prosperity and development.
Theoretical breakthrough in China's poverty alleviation-expanding human anti-poverty new ideas
General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "No country in the world can help so many people out of poverty in such a short period of time. This is of great significance to China and the world." China's historic achievements in poverty alleviation belong to China and the world. , Which expanded the new thinking of human anti-poverty.
In the long-term anti-poverty struggle, mankind has conducted various theoretical and practical explorations.
Some people believe that with the continuous increase of material wealth, even without social policy intervention, the problem of poverty will naturally be resolved.
But in reality, the gap between the rich and the poor in some developed countries has widened.
This shows that it is impossible to eliminate poverty simply by increasing material wealth without scientific and effective anti-poverty measures.
Others believe that poverty can be eliminated by relying on welfare assistance.
However, in practice, excessive reliance on welfare assistance will lead to problems such as a decline in economic efficiency and weakening of the endogenous motivation for poverty reduction, which is not conducive to poverty reduction.
To get rid of poverty, human beings urgently need to develop new practices with new theories.
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary Xi Jinping has made a series of important discussions on poverty alleviation work.
These important theories have enriched and developed Marxist anti-poverty theory, innovatively developed the path of poverty alleviation and development with Chinese characteristics. They are an important part of Xi Jinping’s new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics and provide a fundamental follow and action guide for winning the battle against poverty.
Guided by General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important exposition on poverty alleviation work, China’s poverty alleviation efforts not only emphasize the leadership of the party, but also focus on the main role of the people; it not only does a good job of top-level design, but also pays attention to timely summarizing the experience of the grassroots; it not only plays the leading role of the government, but also Pay attention to the full use of market forces; not only increase investment in "blood transfusion", but also focus on stimulating the endogenous motivation of poor areas and poor people to "blood production"; not only accelerate economic development, but also pay attention to ecological environmental protection... China's extraordinary wisdom in poverty alleviation, The superb strategy has greatly enriched the theory of human poverty reduction and contributed valuable experience that can be used for reference.
Persist in targeted poverty alleviation and targeted poverty alleviation.
General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “To fight the battle against poverty, success or failure lies in precision.” Poverty issues are diverse and complex, and the causes of poverty are also diverse and diverse. A single poverty reduction measure is often difficult to respond to complex poverty problems.
In 2012, the incidence of poverty in China was 10.2%.
There are great differences in poverty-causing factors and development conditions in different poverty-stricken areas, poor counties, and poor villages, and the causes and development capabilities of each poor household are different.
China implements targeted poverty alleviation and targeted poverty alleviation, and comprehensively uses a variety of support methods to make goals clearer, management refined, measures more specific, and more effective.
This enlightens people that in order to get rid of poverty, we must scientifically study and judge the bottleneck factors restricting poverty reduction and development according to the characteristics of poverty reduction in different regions and different periods, insist on precision poverty alleviation, precision poverty alleviation, and find the breakthrough to release the impetus of poverty reduction and continue to improve Policy tools and strategic ideas for poverty governance.
Persist in the organic integration of the government's role and market forces.
General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “Poverty alleviation and development is the common responsibility of the entire party and society. It is necessary to mobilize and condense all social forces to participate widely.” Poverty management is a systematic project involving industrial development, policy support, social security, and human resources coordination. In all aspects, it is necessary for the government to give full play to its leading role, do a good job of top-level design, and incorporate relevant parties into the overall layout of poverty reduction; it also needs to make full use of market forces, gather resource elements, and form a long-term development mechanism.
China has always adhered to the leadership of the government in the fight against poverty, integrated poverty alleviation and development into the overall national development strategy, carried out large-scale special poverty alleviation actions, and at the same time coordinated the use of government and market forces to promote poverty reduction through the development of characteristic industries in accordance with local conditions.
This enlightens people that in order to get rid of poverty, we cannot rely solely on market forces, nor can we one-sidedly place hope on government welfare and relief. Only by comprehensively using government and market forces to complement each other's advantages and strengthen the joint force of poverty reduction can we improve poverty reduction. Effective.
Insist on the combination of poverty alleviation and aspirations and wisdom.
General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “To get rid of poverty is not to get rid of material poverty, but to get rid of the poverty of consciousness and thinking.” There are many reasons for poverty. Among them, two aspects are particularly worthy of attention: one is that some poor people “etc. The ideology of "relying and demanding" is serious and lacks the spiritual motivation to get rid of poverty and get rich. Second, some poor people have low literacy and lack the actual ability to get rid of poverty and get rich.
These two reasons have led to poor self-development ability of some poor people.
An important feature of China's poverty alleviation is that it has adopted a series of effective measures to combine poverty alleviation with aspirations and intelligence, attaches great importance to spiritual poverty alleviation, education and poverty alleviation, and enhances the self-"blood-making" ability and confidence of the poor.
For example, focus on promoting the equalization of educational resources and strive to stop the intergenerational transmission of poverty.
This enlightens people that in order to get rid of poverty, it is necessary to continuously strengthen and stimulate the poor people's self-development ability and endogenous motivation for poverty alleviation, and give full play to the main role of the poor people.
In recent years, government officials from many countries, especially developing countries, have come to China to inspect poverty reduction models and learn from poverty reduction experiences.
China’s successful experience in poverty reduction has become a research sample for more and more countries and international organizations, and has taken root and blossomed in some developing countries.
UN Secretary-General Guterres stated that the targeted poverty alleviation strategy is the only way to help the poor and achieve the ambitious goals set by the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. China's experience can provide useful lessons for other developing countries.
The world value of China's poverty alleviation--opening up a new world for the development of human society
General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized: “Only development can eliminate the root causes of conflicts. Only development can guarantee the basic rights of the people. Only development can satisfy the people’s ardent yearning for a better life.” Poverty is a development issue in the final analysis. .
The fundamental reason why China has been able to write a new chapter in human anti-poverty history and expand human anti-poverty new thinking lies in its deepening understanding of the laws of human social development, and exploring and innovating development ideas, strategies and approaches based on national conditions. This has also opened up New world of human society development.
China’s major victory in poverty alleviation shows that human society must follow a development path that is organically unified with regularity and purpose.
General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “On the road to common prosperity, no one can be left behind.” The development of a country cannot be built on the basis that a few people are getting richer and the majority is relatively poor.
Human society should and can achieve development for the people, development depends on the people, and the fruits of development are shared by the people, so as to achieve the organic unity of regularity and purpose.
The so-called regularity means that social practice should conform to and follow objective laws, and guide social practice with the truthful knowledge of objective things; the so-called purposefulness means that social practice and its results must meet the subject’s own needs, interests and other value pursuits Enhance the well-being of the people.
It is not easy for the development of human society to achieve the organic integration of regularity and purpose. This is an important reason why poverty has become a worldwide problem.
Although some developed countries have rapid economic growth and huge social wealth, the polarization between the rich and the poor is becoming increasingly serious, and a large number of the population is still in poverty, which has hindered the economic cycle and intensified social conflicts.
This shows that its development has not achieved the organic unity of regularity and purpose, and cannot fundamentally solve the poverty problem.
Over the past 40 years of reform and opening up, China has always regarded development as its top priority. The rapid economic and social development and the continuous increase in economic aggregate have provided an important material foundation for large-scale poverty reduction.
At the same time, the Communist Party of China has always insisted on putting the people as the center, taking the realization, maintenance and development of the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people as the starting point and goal of all work.
China adheres to the new development concept of innovation, coordination, greenness, openness, and sharing, organically unites fairness and efficiency, and unites economic development and common prosperity.
Adhere to and improve the basic socialist economic system, adjust the pattern of income distribution, improve the redistribution adjustment mechanism with taxation, social security, and transfer payments as the main means, focus on adjusting the distribution relationship between urban and rural areas, regions, and different groups, and maintain social equity and justice. Solve the problem of income gap, so that more development results will benefit all people more equitably.
Construct and continuously weave the world’s largest social security network, and establish and improve the income security system including urban minimum security, rural minimum security, and rural five security for the poor, as well as a multi-level welfare security system such as education, medical care, and housing. Social assistance systems such as unavailable assistance, medical assistance, and temporary assistance.
This series of effective institutional arrangements not only mobilize the enthusiasm, initiative, and creativity of all people to promote development, but also continuously meet the people's growing needs for a better life, realize a virtuous circle of economic and social development, and enable all people to steadily advance in the direction of common prosperity.
China’s major victory in poverty alleviation shows that human society must follow a mutually beneficial and win-win development path.
General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “Only when all countries develop together, can the world develop better.” A country’s development cannot be built on the poverty of other countries. It is by no means a right way to gain its own development through plundering and suppressing other countries, and it is impossible to last. .
In the context of economic globalization, the economies of all countries are interdependent, and the integration of interests has never been seen before. Treating each other with sincerity and sharing benefits is the fundamental strategy.
All countries can achieve their own development and promote common development through mutually beneficial and win-win cooperation.
At present, some politicians in the United States and the West are trying their best to maintain their own economic and technological hegemony, pursuing a zero-sum mentality where you lose, we lose, and the winner takes all, trying to achieve their own development at the expense of the interests of others, and unscrupulously suppress and contain the development of other countries.
If such a scheme succeeds, it will inevitably widen the gap between uneven development and damage the future of all mankind.
China relies on its own development to solve the poverty problem, and has embarked on a mutually beneficial and win-win development path, opening up a bright prospect for the development of human society.
In terms of land and resources per capita, China's development conditions are not superior.
For example, China’s per capita arable land is less than half of the world’s per capita arable land, but it has to feed one fifth of the world’s population.
Therefore, in the eyes of some people in the world, it is impossible for China to solve the poverty problem.
New China was just established, and the then US Secretary of State Acheson once asserted: Chinese dynasties and dynasties have not solved the food problem of the people, and the Chinese Communist Party cannot solve it.
However, the Communist Party of China has led the Chinese people to unremittingly explore development paths and development models suitable for their own national conditions. They are self-reliant and hard-working. They have thrown off the “poor hat” of poverty and weakness. It has not only successfully solved the food and clothing problem of 1.4 billion people, but also will soon be comprehensive. Building a well-off society is embarking on a new journey of comprehensively building a modern socialist country.
China’s development has no plunder, expansion, let alone war and colonization. Instead, it places the foundation of its development on itself, continuously reforms systems and mechanisms, liberates and develops social productive forces; continuously expands its opening to the outside world, and deeply participates in economic globalization and global economic governance. Now, it is speeding up the construction of a new development pattern with domestic and international cycles as the main body and mutual promotion of domestic and international cycles.
In mutually beneficial cooperation with other countries in the world, China has continuously developed itself and promoted common development.
With the responsibility of building a community with a shared future for mankind, China actively engages in exchanges and cooperation on poverty reduction with the United Nations, the World Bank and the vast number of developing countries.
Not only provides assistance to other developing countries without any political conditions, supports and helps developing countries, especially the least developed countries, to eradicate poverty, but also promotes the establishment of the "China-Africa Cooperation Forum" and "China-ASEAN Forum on Social Development and Poverty Reduction" "A series of new national poverty reduction cooperation mechanisms to share successful experiences in poverty reduction.
Advocate for the joint construction of the “Belt and Road”, initiate the establishment of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, the BRICS New Development Bank, etc., to promote larger, higher, and deeper regional economic and social development cooperation, and support developing countries to develop infrastructure interconnection The construction of intercommunication will help them strengthen their endogenous development momentum.
At present, China has provided assistance to more than 120 developing countries to implement the Millennium Development Goals.
According to a research report by the World Bank, the full implementation of the “Belt and Road” initiative will lift 7.6 million people out of extreme poverty and 32 million people out of moderate poverty in relevant countries.
China’s major victory in poverty alleviation shows that human society must follow the development path of harmonious coexistence between man and nature.
General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “Through ecological poverty alleviation, poverty alleviation and relocation, and conversion of farmland to forests, the ecological environment of impoverished areas has been significantly improved, achieving a win-win situation in one battlefield and two battles for ecological protection and poverty alleviation.” Human development is not necessarily a win-win situation. At the expense of the ecological environment, economic development and environmental protection can be organically unified.
China’s poverty alleviation efforts have embarked on a path of harmonious coexistence between man and nature, revealing that protecting the ecological environment means protecting productivity, and improving the ecological environment means developing productivity, making important contributions to the sustainable development of mankind.
In the process of human development, human beings have gone through a detour to gain development at the expense of the ecological environment.
Especially in some poverty-stricken areas, people are eager to get rid of poverty, often over-extracting from nature and over-exploiting resources.
Facts have proved that this is an unsustainable development path. Not only can it not completely solve the poverty problem, it will make people lose their homes for survival.
Many impoverished areas in China have poor living conditions and lack of natural resources.
Some deeply impoverished areas are in important ecological function areas, the ecological environment is fragile, and the contradiction between ecological protection and economic development is very prominent.
China upholds the concept that green waters and green mountains are golden mountains and silver mountains, and will never follow the old path of sacrificing the ecological environment in exchange for development.
In areas with poor living conditions but important ecosystems that need to be protected and repaired, we will combine ecological environmental protection and governance to explore new paths for ecological poverty.
The people living in areas with particularly harsh natural conditions will be relocated for poverty alleviation, and public welfare positions such as forest rangers will be added in prohibited development zones and restricted development zones with fragile ecological environments, and the implementation of barren hills greening, forest management and protection, and economic forest quality and efficiency improvement, Special tourism and other projects have not only protected the green waters and green mountains, but also brought gold and silver mountains to impoverished areas, promoted industrial development and increased the income of the people.
Getting rid of poverty and achieving common prosperity has been the dream of the Chinese nation for thousands of years, as well as the long-cherished wish of people all over the world.
China completed the task of poverty alleviation in the new era on schedule. It not only laid a solid foundation for the realization of the first century-old goal, but also contributed Chinese wisdom and Chinese solutions to the cause of poverty reduction in the world, giving people from all countries who are eager to shake off poverty with firm confidence and strong motivation. , In the history of human poverty reduction, it has demonstrated the responsibility of a great power.
On the new journey of building a modern socialist country in an all-round way, China will, as always, join hands with other countries in the world to eradicate poverty and work tirelessly to build a community with a shared future for mankind without poverty and common development.
Ren Lixuan, People's Daily