Compared with the traditional five-year undergraduate program of Chinese medicine, plus the three-year master's and three-year doctoral education model, the long-term system is conducive to concentrating teaching and research resources and cultivating top-notch Chinese medicine talents.
Ma Min
Executive Dean of Graduate School of Jinan University
During the new crown pneumonia epidemic, the unique advantages and effects of traditional Chinese medicine in the fight against epidemics, disease prevention and treatment have given people a deeper understanding of Chinese medicine, but it also raised a question: how to train future Chinese medicine talents to persist Inherit the essence, keep integrity and innovation, and improve the clinical diagnosis and treatment ability and level of Chinese medicine?
Not long ago, the official website of the Ministry of Education published the "Implementation Opinions on Deepening the Collaboration of Medical Education and Further Promoting the Reform and High-Quality Development of Chinese Medicine Education" (hereinafter referred to as the "Implementation Opinions"), to deepen the coordination of medical education and further promote the reform of Chinese medicine education. Suggest reforms for high-quality development.
TCM talent training still faces difficulties
Traditional Chinese medicine is a gem in the excellent traditional culture of the Chinese nation.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, my country has attached great importance to Chinese medicine education and personnel training, which has provided strong personnel guarantee for building a unique health and health service system.
At present, the higher education of Chinese medicine has cultivated nearly 2 million Chinese medicine professionals, formed a school-running pattern with Chinese medicine as the main body and coordinated development of related disciplines, and realized multi-level and multi-level education from higher vocational education, undergraduate to master's degree, and doctoral degree. Full coverage of disciplines and diversification.
These Chinese medicine professionals have become important ambassadors for the dissemination of Chinese medicine culture and Chinese culture in the active service of going global and the construction of the Belt and Road Initiative.
“my country’s TCM talent training is roughly divided into two modes, namely, the teacher-initiated training mode for traditional Chinese medicine talents and the college training mode for modern Chinese medicine talents.” Professor Ma Min, Executive Dean of the Graduate School of Jinan University, has been engaged in Chinese medicine for nearly 20 years , Integrated Chinese and Western medicine clinical teaching and scientific research.
At present, in universities, the school system of Chinese medicine is generally 5 years.
"Most of them are based on group teaching and training. In the first two or three years, students are basically learning basic theoretical knowledge and then entering clinical practice. However, the Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine has its own characteristics and many schools, including cold and warm schools. There are so many things that need to be learned. Therefore, it is easy for practice and theoretical learning to fail to integrate and promote each other, and it is difficult to achieve the expected teaching goals." Ma Min said.
Gu Xiaohong, secretary of the Party Committee of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine also wrote an article that at present, there are clear boundaries between disciplines and courses in medical schools in my country, and there is a lack of effective cross integration.
For Chinese and Western medicine, due to different ways of thinking, the discipline system is not completely interlinked, and there are still barriers.
The problems of westernization of Chinese medicine education, lack of traditional Chinese medicine inheritance, lack of scientific and systematic Chinese medicine teaching, and lack of Chinese medicine skills in college education have led to the predicament of Chinese medicine inheritance and talent training to a certain extent.
The introduction of the "Implementation Opinions" is intended to break the situation and seek change, further promote the construction of a talent training system that meets the characteristics of Chinese medicine, and give full play to the fundamental role of Chinese medicine education in serving the construction of a healthy China and the inheritance and innovation of Chinese medicine.
Long school system is more conducive to concentration of teaching and research resources
The "Implementation Opinions" proposed to promote the reform of the long-term education of Chinese medicine, and to explore the training of nine-year Chinese medicine talents on a trial basis.
Ma Min believes that the goal of the long-term system is mainly to focus on the cultivation of top talents.
With the deepening of the reform of higher medical education, the long-term medical education model should coexist with other educational systems to meet the social needs of different levels of medical systems.
At present, some Chinese medicine universities in my country have taken the lead in developing the nine-year long-term education system for top-notch innovative talent training models, including Tianjin University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Chinese Medicine, etc.
Take Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine as an example. Since 2015, it has newly established Chinese medicine (nine-year system), and implemented the talent training model of “nine years in stages, integrating the teaching and learning”, basic Chinese medicine education, graduate degree education and hospitalization. Organic integration of standardized training of doctors.
Upon graduation, students can meet the dual requirements of standardized TCM residency training and TCM doctorate training, and are mainly engaged in TCM clinical and scientific research.
"Compared with the traditional five-year undergraduate system of Chinese medicine, plus the three-year master's and three-year doctoral education model, the long-term system is conducive to concentrating teaching and research resources and cultivating high-level Chinese medicine top-notch talents." Ma Min said, "different Due to the standardization of western medicine, traditional Chinese medicine emphasizes "syndrome differentiation and treatment" in the diagnosis and treatment process. Sometimes the same set of treatment plans can be used to treat different diseases, and only changing the drug dosage can achieve good results. Sometimes for the same disease, but also Different schemes will be adopted. To apply the'differentiation and treatment' to the clinic, it really takes a lot of experience."
Ma Min pointed out that in the long-term system of training TCM talents, in addition to theoretical education, there will be sufficient time for clinical practice and professional talent training.
In this way, students can get in touch with different experts and schools, grasp the disease characteristics of each system, and truly inherit the essence of Chinese medicine.
In Ma Min's view, it is more important for TCM students under long-term education to cultivate the ability to maintain integrity and innovation.
He pointed out that teachers can integrate scientific research results into the teaching system, so that students not only understand conventional traditional Chinese medicine theories and clinical skills, but also understand basic clinical research and cultivate independent research capabilities, thereby opening up students’ horizons and cultivating students’ Scientific research and innovation ability.
Jointly cultivate high-level compound talents
While proposing to promote the long-term education reform of Chinese medicine, the "Implementation Opinions" also mentioned that the newly increased enrollment scale in the pilot work is mainly used to support Chinese medicine schools and other universities to jointly cultivate high-level compound Chinese medicine talents.
Why promote the cultivation of compound talents?
Liu Liang, academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and president of Macau University of Science and Technology, pointed out that Chinese medicine is a complex scientific system that requires the integration and integration of multi-disciplinary advanced technologies and a multi-disciplinary team of talents.
"For the training of Chinese medicine talents, it is necessary to emphasize the integration of multiple disciplines. Students must not only understand Chinese medicine, but also understand Western medicine. As students majoring in Chinese medicine, they have knowledge in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, and even disinfection and isolation. It should be mastered." Zhang Boli, academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and president of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, pointed out that close integration with modern technology will definitely promote the upright and innovative development of Chinese medicine.
But at present, the interdisciplinarity of Chinese medicine is not deep enough, and there is no deep integration between disciplines. One of the difficulties is the interpretation of Chinese medicine theory.
The key to breaking through this difficulty lies in cultivating a large number of compound talents who understand both Chinese medicine and modern technology.
However, in the field of Chinese medicine education, it is not a small challenge to realize the cultivation of compound talents.
Gu Xiaohong pointed out: "The biggest difficulty lies in how to achieve high-standard talent training goals within the limited school system. This requires starting from the top-level design and strengthening the integration of the curriculum system at different training stages. At the same time, changing the teaching mode and guiding students to take the initiative Learning and independent learning provide a platform for students to develop into talents. In addition, it is necessary to actively carry out the leading talent training programs of'Chinese Medicine+' and'+Chinese Medicine', and'Integration of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine', and explore the cross integration of Chinese and Western medicine, science and technology , Forming an integrated Chinese medicine education system."
In view of the characteristics of early learning and late maturity of Chinese medicine talents, Guangdong Province has paid special attention to the cultivation of compound Chinese medicine talents from the beginning of university enrollment.
Wang Shengliang, president of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, said in an interview with the media that we hope to reform the enrollment system, including the reform of the training model, the reshaping of the curriculum system, and the cultivation of Chinese medicine that can integrate Chinese and Western medicine and have both skills. Talents, "Through these reforms, famous doctors will be cultivated and can promote the birth of good medicine."
"We continue to polish and improve the'teaching content-clinical practice-scientific research-achievement transformation' multi-integrated inheritance and innovative teaching model." Ma Min introduced, in terms of content, Jinan University is committed to integrating TCM knowledge and skills with Chinese excellent traditional culture courses. Rongtong; In practice, the school cooperates with hospitals to strengthen the clinical practice training of students; in scientific research, the school is further increasing its investment in leading students to achieve the transformation of results.
He said: "We must not only cultivate high-quality scientific research and clinical talents, but also persist in spreading Chinese excellent culture, and cultivate high-cultural self-confidence patriotic talents."
Our reporter Ye Qing