Météo France unveiled Monday the three climate scenarios on which it is working for the future.

In the worst case, heat waves could multiply, with temperatures around 50 degrees in summer.

Many sectors must already adapt, so viticulture.

Five years ago, COP21 culminated in the famous Paris Agreement.

A large majority of the countries of the world then promised to do everything to limit global warming to 2 degrees maximum by the end of the century.

Well, it's far from won.

Météo France has worked on three climate scenarios, and in the worst case, our country could experience an extreme climate by 2100.

"Maximum temperatures which could be around 50 degrees in France"

In the most pessimistic of scenarios, the one which takes into account the current trajectory of greenhouse gas emissions, the study by Météo France shows that temperatures are likely to increase by 3.9 degrees on average and even over 6 degrees in summer, with intense heat waves that make our summers look like those of the Maghreb.

"We could end up with heat waves which, instead of lasting a maximum of ten days as we know in our current summers, would last more than a month and with maximum temperatures which could be around 50 degrees in France" , warns Jean-Michel Soubeyroux, climatologist at Météo France, at the microphone of Europe 1.

Winegrowers revive forgotten, more robust grape varieties

With this in mind, and even in the most favorable scenarios, all areas will have to adapt: ​​construction, urbanization but also agriculture.

In the vineyards, for example, we are starting to think about how we are going to deal with global warming.

Example in a vineyard of the Rhodanian Hills, in the Loire, where one emerged from the oblivion of old grape varieties that are resistant to drought.

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In some plots of his Tartaras estate, Pierre-André Displaude has replaced the traditional white Viognier with an old local grape variety, abandoned in the 1900s: the chouchillon, which has the advantage of resisting heat waves very well.

"It develops a little later, and then there is also a genetic level of resilience. We have a foliage which is quite resistant to heat waves and drought, which does not burn too much, which does not burn too much", assures the winemaker.

And the same goes for red wines.

Alongside the ubiquitous Syrah, the winemaker has resuscitated the black mornen, a grape variety forgotten in the 1970s, and very strong to withstand the blows of spring frost, which have become more and more frequent in recent years due to climate change.

"We noticed in 2017 that on other grape varieties such as Viognier or Pinot Noir, we lost 90% of the harvest, while we had no loss of harvest on Mornen Noir", specifies Pierre- André Displaude. 

Go three times faster in reducing emissions 

Robust grape varieties, therefore, resistant to climatic hazards.

It remains to be seen whether they will be resistant enough to tropical nights that can last up to three months a year, or even intense rains, as forecast Météo France in its darkest scenario.

All this can still be avoided if France positions itself on one of the two most favorable scenarios.

For that, we would have to go three times faster in reducing our CO2 emissions.

Instead of falling behind on commitments, as currently.