How to prevent and control the Spring Festival epidemic?
Zhong Nanshan's latest judgment is here
Does the new crown pneumonia vaccine need to wear a mask?
Zhong Nanshan denied this statement.
On January 31, the "Guangzhou Laboratory Science and Technology Helps the Country's Basic-level Epidemic Prevention and Control Travel a Long Way" activity was launched.
Zhong Nanshan, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, gave detailed answers to topics of public concern during the Spring Festival, such as grassroots epidemic prevention and control, vaccine effectiveness and safety, and future global epidemic trends.
The protection rate of the vaccine against severe illness is almost 100%
Regarding the effectiveness and safety of the vaccine, Zhong Nanshan said that China's vaccines are mainly whole virus inactivated vaccines, which are relatively safe.
The effect evaluation results show that antibodies usually appear after the first dose of vaccine, which is about 60% to 70%; 14 days after the second dose, the antibody can protect close to 90%.
"The antibodies will not be available until at least two to three weeks after the vaccine is given. There is still a risk of infection between the injection of the vaccine and the production of antibodies, and personal protection should also be paid attention to."
"From a comprehensive point of view, it is estimated that a relatively ideal vaccine will be available within three to five years. At present, it can only be said to be used urgently." Zhong Nanshan said that the vaccine has a 75% protection rate for mild cases and almost 100% protection for severe cases.
Judging from the current injection results of the two vaccines in China, the symptoms have been significantly reduced and the mortality rate has been greatly reduced.
Zhong Nanshan said that the two vaccines in China have been injected more than 22 million times in the world. It has been seven or eight months since the initial injection, and the current antibody level is still around 90%.
"For vaccines, high protection rate, unsafe safety, expensiveness, and ease of transportation are four important issues that need to be considered." Zhong Nanshan said that the safety of fully inactivated virus vaccines is highly reliable. Generally, the side effect of mild illness is 6 per 100,000, such as fever and arm pain after the fight; the side effect of severe illness is 1 part per million; the side effect of flu vaccine is about 3 parts per million.
Asymptomatic but obviously infectious for 5 days before and after infection
"Rural areas are not the focus and must be the focus, because from the recent incidence, 60% to 70% are in the countryside." Zhong Nanshan cited the example of Heilongjiang Province. Due to the cold weather, as long as one person at the wedding banquet is infected, it will be immediately. It spread quite widely.
This situation increases the difficulty of epidemic prevention.
Recently, the infection cases in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Hebei and other places are mainly at the grassroots level, exposing the weak links in the prevention and control of the new crown pneumonia epidemic in my country's grassroots, especially in rural areas.
Zhong Nanshan said that although my country is unlikely to have a large-scale epidemic rebound, the imported risk is still relatively high. It is necessary to strengthen the epidemic prevention and control of grassroots communities, especially in rural areas where prevention and control capabilities are relatively weak.
The Guangzhou laboratory will give full play to its scientific research and technological advantages, integrate the scientific and technological anti-epidemic forces of all parties, and help the country's rural grassroots build an epidemic firewall.
During the Spring Festival, my country has a very clear anti-epidemic strategy. High-risk areas must celebrate the New Year on the spot, medium-risk areas should celebrate the New Year on the spot in principle, and low-risk areas advocate for the New Year.
Zhong Nanshan said that the latest study found that the new crown virus is asymptomatic for 5 days and 5 days after infection, but it is obviously contagious.
He advocated fewer visits and gatherings in the countryside during the Spring Festival. If you feel unwell, you must see a doctor. Don't wait until your symptoms are severe.
Zhong Nanshan said that the focus of grassroots prevention and control is missionary education, so that the common people understand that very obvious fatigue, sore throat, and fever must be tested for nucleic acid, which also requires education of grassroots medical staff.
Zhong Nanshan believes that the key to science and technology in helping the prevention and control of the new crown pneumonia epidemic lies in "science popularization, training, and testing." The most important of these is testing.
He hopes to solve the problem of facilitating the detection of the common people. If the villagers take the bus to the county town to be tested, it will cause mutual infection. This situation should not happen again. Now the mixed inspection of the testing vehicle is carried out at most 500,000 people a day, and it should be driven to the village. The people rushed back and forth.
Nucleic acid recovery is not dangerous
Zhong Nanshan specifically proposed that attention should be paid to the sequelae and psychological treatment of patients after discharge.
He said that the rehabilitation treatment of new coronary pneumonia firstly lies in the rehabilitation of cardiopulmonary function. At present, the cardiopulmonary function machine is mainly used to observe the changes in the cardiopulmonary function of recovered patients.
The second is psychological treatment, but now many patients with new coronary pneumonia are not as good as SARS in recovery, and special attention should be paid to psychological recovery in the tracking of recovered patients.
The issue of nucleic acid recovery is also mentioned.
Zhong Nanshan said: "My personal preference is that nucleic acid recovery is not dangerous because it is less infectious."
Zhong Nanshan said that the first is to closely track the mutation of the new coronavirus, and the second is to observe the effectiveness of the vaccine.
"The Guangzhou laboratory is tracking the mutated virus." Zhong Nanshan said, is it possible for the toxicity or infectivity of the new coronavirus to change?
The comprehensive antibody is the ability to kill the virus. A comprehensive antibody test suitable for the grassroots is currently being developed, which will help determine the epidemic situation.
Zhong Nanshan pointed out that among the six countries with the highest prevalence rates in the world, the United States and Russia are still at a high-risk stage.
As the number of people getting vaccinated increases, the condition will improve.
Since it takes about 30 to 35 days from the injection of the vaccine to the production of antibodies, if the vaccine is actively increased, the prevalence may begin to decline around March.
Zhong Nanshan said that the U.S. economy plays a very important role in the world. If the U.S. has an inflection point of the epidemic, it is actually great news for the world.
After the new US President Biden took office, he paid more attention to fighting the epidemic, which is very worthy of recognition.
As the Spring Festival approaches, many overseas students are unable to return to China to reunite with their families.
Zhong Nanshan responded to a question from a China Youth Daily and China Youth Daily reporter about overseas students celebrating the Chinese New Year on the spot, saying that overseas students cannot go home during the festival, and the mood is very complicated, everyone can understand.
"But for China and for your country, it is a good way to celebrate the festival in situ or through video." Zhong Nanshan suggested that the relevant departments do their work and give some greetings.
Zhong Nanshan suggested that international students wear masks, keep their distance and wash their hands frequently.
If you have the opportunity to receive vaccination, you must get an injection.
Finally, Zhong Nanshan sent his blessings, "I wish overseas students a happy Chinese New Year and better results in the Year of the Ox!"
China Youth Daily and China Youth Daily reporter Lin Jie Source: China Youth Daily