Take multiple measures to expand the middle-income group
The "Proposal" of the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Party put forward: "Expand the middle-income group."
To expand the middle-income group, it is necessary to adhere to a systematic concept, take multiple measures simultaneously, and strive to achieve new results during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period.
Further stabilize and expand employment.
Employment is the biggest livelihood of the people, and it is also the source of expanding middle-income groups.
In the next few years, pressure on total employment in my country will still exist.
During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, it is necessary to implement the "recommendation" proposed in the "recommendation" to "enhance employment priority policy", adhere to the employment orientation of economic development, expand employment capacity, improve employment quality, and promote full employment.
Pay more attention to alleviating structural employment contradictions, focus on promoting the employment and entrepreneurship of college graduates, migrant workers, and people in need, expand public welfare job placement, help the disabled and zero-employment family members to find employment, and support and standardize the development of new employment forms.
Support labor-intensive enterprises such as wholesale and retail, accommodation and catering, transportation, construction and sanitation, cultural and sports tourism, entertainment and exhibition.
Improve the labor relations coordination mechanism, guarantee the treatment and rights of workers, and solve the problems of employment, education, social security, medical care, housing, pension, food safety, production safety, ecological environment, and social security.
Adapt to the rapid development of new technologies, new formats and new models, and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of employment groups such as couriers, online hire workers, and truck drivers.
Do everything possible to protect market players.
Ensuring market entities is an important support for stabilizing and expanding employment and expanding middle-income groups.
At present, my country's private economy, which includes private enterprises (most of which are small, medium and micro enterprises) and individual industrial and commercial households, contributes more than 80% of urban labor employment; more than 2.2 million professional farmer cooperatives are driving farmers to increase income and develop modern agriculture Played an important role.
In accordance with the requirements of the "Recommendations", we must continue to deepen the reform of "delegating management and service", continue to optimize the market-oriented, legalized, and internationalized business environment, optimize the private economic development environment, and equally protect the property rights of private enterprises and the rights and interests of entrepreneurs in accordance with the law, and eliminate restrictions on private enterprises. Various barriers to enterprise development, improve the legal environment and policy system that promote the development of small, medium and micro enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households.
Promote the entrepreneurial spirit, guide small, medium and micro enterprises to specialize in a certain subdivision, and strive to be the most refined and optimal.
Develop county economy, promote the integrated development of primary, secondary and tertiary industries in rural areas, enrich rural economic formats, and expand farmers’ income growth.
Vigorously support the development of important carriers such as characteristic towns, beautiful villages, pastoral complexes, farmers' professional cooperatives, and poverty alleviation workshops, so as to create conditions for farmers to find employment in their hometowns.
Actively guide market players to enter the service industries of health, elderly care, childcare, culture, tourism, sports, housekeeping, and real estate, and give full play to the advantages of these industries in terms of social demand and employment.
Continue to release the huge potential of new urbanization.
New urbanization is an important carrier for promoting population and economic agglomeration and expanding middle-income groups.
In 2019, the urbanization rate of my country's permanent population reached 60.60%, but the urbanization rate of the registered population was only 44.38%, which means that there are more than 220 million floating populations who have not settled in urban areas.
It is necessary to implement the requirements of the "Recommendations", optimize the administrative divisions, give full play to the leading role of central cities and urban agglomerations, and build a modern metropolitan area to become an important support for expanding domestic demand, gathering industries, and increasing employment; implement urban renewal actions to promote large, medium and small cities Coordinate development with small towns, and focus on promoting urbanization with counties as an important carrier, making them a new growth point for expanding domestic demand and increasing employment and income of the people; deepening the reform of the household registration system, improving fiscal transfer payments and the scale of new urban construction land Link policies to the urbanization of agricultural migrants, strengthen the guarantee of basic public services, and accelerate the urbanization of agricultural migrants.
Vigorously improve the overall quality of workers.
This is an important foundation for increasing the income of workers and expanding the middle-income group.
General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "The skilled worker team is an important force supporting Chinese manufacturing and Chinese creation."
It is necessary to adapt to the new requirements of the transformation of the economic development mode, continuously improve the education level of the workers, and strive to improve the quality of education while maintaining a relatively high enrollment rate in higher education.
Strengthen the adaptability of vocational and technical education, deepen vocational general integration, integration of production and education, school-enterprise cooperation, explore apprenticeship with Chinese characteristics, and continuously expand the team of technical skills.
Improve the employment public service system and life-long vocational skills training system, implement knowledge renewal projects and skills enhancement actions, train more high-level engineers and highly-skilled talents, and enable more and more highly-skilled talents to become craftsmen of great power.
Strengthen the technical training of migrant workers, so that they can focus on improving certain skills for a long time, and realize the transformation from purely physical workers to skilled or skilled workers.
Improve policies and systems that increase income and reduce burdens for workers.
This is an important guarantee for expanding middle-income groups.
It is necessary to improve the distribution policy system according to work, increase the proportion of labor remuneration in the primary distribution, increase the remuneration of workers, especially front-line workers, improve the corporate salary survey and information release system, improve the minimum wage standard adjustment mechanism, and strengthen the payment of migrant workers’ wages Protection.
Improve the distribution policy system according to factors, improve the mechanism for the market to determine the remuneration of various production factors; improve the innovation incentive and guarantee mechanism, build a profit distribution mechanism that fully reflects the value of innovative factors such as knowledge and technology, and improve the mechanism for sharing rights and interests of scientific researchers' job invention results Exploring the ways to realize the separation of homestead ownership, qualification rights, and use rights, and guarantee the land contracting rights, homestead use rights, and collective income distribution rights for farmers who settle in cities.
Improve the redistribution adjustment mechanism, establish a support mechanism for rural low-income population and underdeveloped areas, maintain overall stability of financial investment, and continue to promote the development of poverty alleviation areas; improve rural social security and assistance systems; effectively increase the supply of affordable housing and improve long-term rental housing Policies to expand the supply of affordable rental housing.
Give play to the role of the third distribution, develop philanthropy, and improve the distribution of income and wealth.
Raise the level of equalization of basic public services and reduce the pressure on households' expenditure on housing, education, medical care, pensions, and childcare.
(The author is the Deputy Minister of Civil Affairs)