Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, December 31st, title:
"Promote sustained economic recovery and stable development, with confidence, foundation, and confidence"-Interview with Ning Jizhe, Deputy Director of the National Development and Reform Commission and Director of the National Bureau of Statistics
Xinhua News Agency reporter An Bei
After an extraordinary year of 2020, we are moving towards 2021, which is of special importance in the process of my country's modernization drive.
What opportunities and challenges will my country's economy face?
How to take the first step and see the new atmosphere?
How to maintain the continuity, stability and sustainability of macro policies?
The reporter interviewed Ning Jizhe, deputy director of the National Development and Reform Commission and director of the National Bureau of Statistics.
8 words to describe the current economy: continuous recovery, stable recovery
Question: How to evaluate the current Chinese economy?
What are the challenges and positive factors facing economic work next year?
Answer: The current economic operation of our country can be described in 8 words: continuous recovery and stable recovery.
In 2020, under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, my country has made remarkable achievements in fighting the epidemic and in development. The main goals and tasks of economic and social development have been completed. The "13th Five-Year Plan" has been successfully concluded, and a well-off society has been completed. victory is in sight.
The Chinese economy has demonstrated strong risk prevention capabilities, resilience to pressure, and vitality for development.
The "three firsts" attract worldwide attention——
Take the lead in the world to contain the epidemic, resume work and production, and take the lead in realizing positive economic growth.
The economy is expected to grow by about 2% in 2020, making it the only major economy in the world to achieve positive economic growth.
The three major strengths have jumped to a new big stage——
Economic strength has risen sharply. It is estimated that the GDP will exceed 100 trillion yuan in 2020, and the per capita GDP will exceed 10,000 US dollars for two consecutive years. The scientific and technological strength has been continuously strengthened, and significant progress has been made in lunar exploration projects, deep-sea exploration, and quantum computing; National strength has increased significantly, grain output has remained above 1.3 trillion catties for six consecutive years, and the scale of manufacturing has ranked first in the world for 11 consecutive years.
The three major battles have made decisive achievements-
The poverty alleviation task was completed as scheduled, and the rural poor population was all out of poverty under the current standards; the pollution prevention and control battle has achieved remarkable results; the prevention and resolution of major risks has achieved results.
"Six Stability" and "Six Guarantees" are obviously effective——
The goal of stabilizing employment, ensuring employment and ensuring people’s livelihood has been achieved. In the first 11 months, 10.99 million new jobs were created in cities and towns. The market entities are expected to see substantial results, and the country’s market entities have reached 130 million; foreign trade, foreign investment and investment have achieved results; The task of food security, energy supply, and grassroots operations has been implemented.
At present, the global epidemic situation continues to spread, the world economy still lacks support for the recovery of growth, and there are many uncertainties in the external environment.
The foundation of domestic economic recovery is not yet solid, structural contradictions are still prominent, and the pressure of external defense import and internal defense rebound of the epidemic is relatively high.
my country is still in a period of important strategic opportunities for development.
We have the confidence, foundation and confidence to promote the sustained economic recovery and stable development.
Confidence comes from the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at the core, the decision-making and deployment of the Fifth Plenary Session of the Nineteenth Central Committee of the Party and the Central Economic Work Conference, and the advantages of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics.
The foundation comes from a complete production system, complete supporting capabilities, sound infrastructure, and strong supply capacity; 1.4 billion people, more than 400 million middle-income groups, forming a super-large domestic demand market; 900 million working-age population, 200 million skills Workers, with both a demographic dividend and a talent dividend, as well as the dividend of the deepening of reform and opening up, will lay a good foundation for the 2021 economy.
The confidence comes from the matching of effective markets with promising governments; the continuous improvement of macroeconomic governance capabilities and the continuous enrichment of macroeconomic control experience.
Build a new development pattern, take the first step and see the new atmosphere
Question: To build a new development pattern, what specific measures will you take next year to ensure that you take the first step and see the new outlook?
Answer: 2021 is the first year of the "14th Five-Year Plan". It is of great significance to take the first step in building a new development pattern and see the new outlook.
The first is to focus on improving the quality of the supply system, which is the focus and foundation for building a new development pattern.
Deploy an innovation system, vigorously promote the construction of comprehensive national science centers in Huairou, Zhangjiang, Hefei, and the Greater Bay Area, support Beijing, Shanghai, and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area to accelerate the formation of international scientific and technological innovation centers and accelerate the construction of national laboratories; support the formation of leading enterprises Innovation consortium.
Build an independent, safe and controllable industrial chain supply chain, implement key core technology research projects, and solve a number of "stuck neck" problems as soon as possible; promote the development of national strategic emerging industrial clusters.
In terms of grain, seeds and arable land, compile a new round of national food security medium and long-term planning outlines, implement in-depth high-quality grain projects; implement modern seed industry improvement project construction plans, and promote the "stuck neck" technology of seed sources; continue to promote high-standard farmland Construction and implementation of the national black soil protection project.
The second is to effectively strengthen demand-side management, firmly grasp the strategic basis of expanding domestic demand, and accelerate the cultivation of a complete domestic demand system. This is an important support for building a new development pattern.
Focus on tapping the potential of emerging consumption, formulate and promulgate the "Implementation Plan for Accelerating the Cultivation of New Types of Consumption"; orderly cancel some administrative restrictions on consumer purchases, promote the standardization and branding of services such as elderly care, childcare, and housekeeping; build strong radiation driving capabilities and resources Integrate advantageous regional consumption centers and improve the county and village three-level e-commerce service system and express logistics distribution system.
Expand effective investment around "two new and one heavy", systematically deploy new infrastructure; comprehensively promote the transformation of old urban communities and support the construction of urban flood control and drainage facilities; accelerate the construction of major transportation projects such as the Sichuan-Tibet Railway and the new land-sea corridor in the west; implement the backbone of the national water network Project, accelerate the construction of 150 major water conservancy projects including major water diversion and diversion across river basins and regions.
In-depth implementation of major regional strategies, regional coordinated development strategies, and a new human-centric urbanization strategy.
The third is to continue to deepen reform and opening up, which is a powerful driving force for building a new development pattern.
Deepen market-oriented reforms, formulate an action plan for building a high-standard market system; further implement the three-year action plan for state-owned enterprise reforms to optimize the development environment for private enterprises; deepen price reforms in key areas such as energy, railways, telecommunications, and resources; Work related to fair competition.
Promote high-level opening up, implement the new version of the negative list of foreign investment access and the catalog of industries that encourage foreign investment, strengthen the service guarantee for major foreign investment projects, and strive to promote the high-quality development of the "Belt and Road".
The fourth is to deepen the promotion of green development, formulate and implement relevant safeguard measures around achieving the mid- and long-term goals of achieving carbon peaks and carbon neutrality; accelerate the adjustment and optimization of the industrial structure and energy structure, improve the long-term mechanism of clean energy consumption, and accelerate the improvement Economic policies for green and low-carbon development.
Fifth, we should do a good job of people's livelihood.
Strengthen employment assistance for key groups such as college graduates and migrant workers; study and formulate implementation plans for expanding middle-income groups; research and propose more targeted solutions to issues of common concern to the people such as "one old and one small" and housing security Measures: Adhere to the positioning of houses for living, not for speculation, steadily implement the real estate long-term mechanism plan, continue to arrange investment in the central budget to support the construction of affordable housing projects, and expand the supply of affordable rental housing with major cities as the focus.
Macroeconomic policies maintain the necessary support for economic recovery
Question: Many companies are worried that the support policy is withdrawn too quickly.
How to maintain continuity, stability and sustainability of macro policies next year?
How to grasp the timeliness and not make a sharp turn?
Answer: The first is to grasp the direction of the macro policy, maintain policy continuity, and maintain the necessary support for economic recovery.
Continue to implement a proactive fiscal policy, a prudent monetary policy, and a policy of priority employment.
The second is to grasp the timeliness and effectiveness of macro policies, maintain policy stability, and avoid sharp turns.
As economic operations gradually return to normal, macroeconomic policies will gradually return to normal, and some temporary assistance policies will be withdrawn steadily. However, we must persist in seeking progress while maintaining stability and continue to implement the tasks and policies of the "six stability" and "six guarantees".
Policies to stabilize market entities, such as the deferred principal and interest payment policy for inclusive small and micro enterprise loans and the credit loan support plan, will continue to be implemented.
Investment policies such as investment within the central budget and local special construction bonds are generally stable.
The third is to grasp the rhythm of macroeconomic policies, maintain policy sustainability, look ahead and make overall arrangements.
Compared with previous years, the Central Economic Work Conference’s statement of the macro policy orientation in 2021 has added “sustainability”.
The main consideration is to properly handle the current and long-term, needs and possibilities, restore the economy and prevent risks, and promote sustainable economic development through the sustainable implementation of policies.
Macro-control should pay more attention to deepening reform and opening up to increase development momentum, and promote the economy to shift to an innovation-driven, endogenous growth track.
The fourth is to grasp the key points of the macro policy, improve the accuracy of the policy, and implement it scientifically and effectively.
Strengthen support for technological innovation, small and micro enterprises, structural adjustment, green development, and income distribution adjustment; optimize the direction of investment structure, accelerate the filling of shortcomings in infrastructure, livelihood security and other fields; focus on new consumption, regional consumption center construction, and rural areas Consumption, consumption supply and other directions, launched targeted measures.
Fifth, grasp the macro policy objectives, enhance policy coordination, and maintain the normal operation of the economy.
Macro policies should consolidate the foundation for economic recovery, smooth out economic fluctuations, and promote economic growth, employment, prices and other economic operation indicators to return to a reasonable range.
We must use fiscal and monetary policies as the main means to give full play to the role of employment, industry, investment, consumption, environmental protection, and regional policies, and coordinate and interact to maintain economic operations within a reasonable range and promote high-quality economic development.