The Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism of the State Council held two press conferences on December 19 and 21 to introduce the vaccination work of key populations.
The city has successively started the new crown vaccination work, let's take a look at the basic issues about the new crown vaccination.
Q1. Who are the key groups for emergency vaccination of new crown vaccine?
This emergency vaccination mainly involves personnel in key positions with a high risk of contracting the new crown.
Port front-line customs inspection and quarantine personnel involved in imported cold chain items, port loading and unloading, handling, transportation and other related personnel, international and domestic transportation personnel, personnel working and studying abroad, border port workers facing higher risks of overseas epidemics, medical Health personnel, government agencies, public security, armed police, firefighting, community workers, water, electricity, gas and other related personnel, transportation, logistics, elderly care, sanitation, funeral, communication and other related personnel.
Q2. What vaccine was used in Shanghai this time?
This time, the whole virus inactivated vaccine is used, which is a vaccine prepared by chemical methods to make the new coronavirus lose its infectivity and replication ability, while retaining the activity of causing the human immune response.
The advantage of inactivated vaccines is the traditional and classic vaccine preparation method, which is a mature, reliable and classic vaccine research and development method.
Compared with other technical routes, the inactivated vaccine research and development platform is mature, the production process is stable, the quality standard is controllable, the protection effect is good, the research and development speed is fast, and it is easy to scale production, with internationally accepted safety and effectiveness evaluation standards.
Q3. How many shots of the new crown vaccine?
The recommended immunization program is 2 injections at least 14 days apart, and the vaccination site is the deltoid muscle of the upper arm.
Arbitrary adjustment of immune program may affect safety, immune response effect and immune durability.
Q4. What are the circumstances of the vaccinated subjects who should postpone the new crown vaccine?
At this stage, it is recommended to postpone the new crown vaccine in the following situations:
Those who are allergic to any component of the vaccine, and those who have had severe allergic reactions to the vaccine in the past, such as acute allergic reactions, urticaria, skin eczema, breathing difficulties, angioedema or abdominal pain;
Fever, acute disease, severe chronic disease, and those in the acute stage of chronic disease;
Pregnant women and lactating women, have a family plan within 3 months of vaccination;
Persons with a history or family history of convulsions, epilepsy, encephalopathy or mental illness; persons with uncontrolled epilepsy and other progressive neurological diseases, persons with a history of Guillain-Barré syndrome;
Has been diagnosed with congenital or acquired immunodeficiency, HIV infection, lymphoma, leukemia or other autoimmune diseases;
Known or suspected of suffering from severe respiratory disease, severe cardiovascular disease, liver and kidney disease, malignant tumor;
Those who use immunomodulators such as anti-tumor drugs;
People with a history of new coronavirus infection;
Those who are considered unsuitable for vaccination by clinicians or vaccination staff.
The specific instructions of the vaccine shall prevail.
Q5. Can the new crown vaccine be vaccinated with the HPV vaccine?
Based on past experience, inactivated vaccines can be vaccinated at the same time as other vaccines.
However, due to the lack of research on the simultaneous vaccination of the new crown vaccine and other vaccines, it is recommended that the new crown vaccine and other vaccines such as HPV vaccine should be vaccinated separately as far as possible before the technical guidelines and other documents are clear.
Vaccine other inactivated vaccines within 14 days, and those who vaccinate live attenuated vaccines within 28 days will temporarily postpone the new crown vaccine.
Q6. The new crown vaccine has been successfully developed in such a short time, is it safe to vaccinate?
The new crown vaccine, like other vaccines, has undergone animal experiments, human pre-test experiments, and population phase I/II, and phase III clinical trials before being marketed. The safety of the vaccine has been verified many times.
Q7. What are the possible adverse reactions after vaccination with the new crown vaccine?
Like any other vaccine, inoculation of the new crown inactivated vaccine may cause some common general reactions, such as soreness, redness, pain, and itching at the vaccination site; a very small number of people may experience fever, fatigue, nausea, headache, etc. due to individual differences. Muscle aches, etc., generally do not need treatment, and most of them can recover on their own after 2-3 days.
No serious adverse reactions related to the vaccine have been detected.
Because the specific properties of the components contained in the vaccine may induce allergic reactions, this is one of the characteristics of the vaccine itself, and the resulting adverse reactions do not mean that there are problems with the quality and safety of the vaccine itself.
Q8. What is it that I got a cold and fever after receiving the new crown vaccine?
This may be a coincidence.
The so-called coincidence disease refers to that the recipient is in the incubation period or prodromal period of a certain disease at the time of vaccination, and the disease occurs coincidentally after vaccination.
Coupling disease is not caused by the inherent nature of the vaccine, that is, the occurrence of coupling disease is not causally related to the vaccine itself.
Q9. What are the precautions before and after the new crown vaccine?
(1) Before vaccinating the new crown inactivated vaccine, the vaccinating doctor will ask about the health status, please inform the relevant information truthfully.
(2) After the inoculation is completed, you need to stay on site for 30 minutes. Keep the injection site dry on the day of inoculation, pay attention to personal hygiene, and arrange appropriate rest.
Avoid personal contact with known allergens and common allergens within one week after vaccination, try not to drink alcohol, do not eat spicy food or seafood, and it is recommended to eat lightly and drink plenty of water.
Q10. How to report serious adverse reactions after vaccination?
According to past experience, generally serious adverse reactions after vaccination will appear within 30 minutes after vaccination. Please inform the doctor at the vaccination site in time.
Professional medical personnel are on site to deal with the adverse reactions after vaccination. Each district has a designated second-level or higher medical institution as a designated hospital to deal with adverse reactions after vaccination.
Q11. How long does it take to produce antibodies after receiving the new crown vaccine?
Clinical studies have shown that antibodies generally begin to be produced 7 days after the first dose of the new crown inactivated vaccine, and the positive rate of antibodies is about 60%-90% after 14-28 days; the positive rate of antibodies is more than 90% 28 days after the second dose, and Form continuous protection.
Q12. Will I not get sick after getting the new crown vaccine?
The results of the unblinded phase I/II clinical trials of the inactivated new crown vaccine for this vaccination showed that after vaccination, a high-titer immune response was produced, and the positive conversion rate of neutralizing antibodies reached more than 90%.
Phase III clinical trials conducted in many countries around the world have further verified the effectiveness of the vaccine.
But it should be noted that so far, the protective effect of any vaccine cannot reach 100%.
A small number of people did not develop protection after vaccination or still suffered from the disease, which is related to the characteristics of the vaccine itself and the personal physique of the recipient.
Q13. Is the vaccine effective against mutant viruses or viruses from other countries?
Cross-neutralization tests on various virus variants currently known as well as virus strains in the United States, Britain, Russia, Austria and other countries have shown that the new crown inactivated vaccine can completely neutralize.
The recognition ability of specific antibodies of the new crown inactivated vaccine is not affected, and it is effective against mutant viruses and viruses from other countries.
Q14. How long can the protective effect of the new crown vaccine last?
At present, the discovery of the new crown virus has been less than a year, and the immunity persistence of the new crown inactivated vaccine is still under continuous observation.
Current evidence suggests that the vaccine protection period can reach at least half a year.
Q15. Will the nucleic acid test be positive after being vaccinated with the new crown vaccine?
will not.
The nucleic acid test is the new coronavirus antigen. This vaccine is an inactivated vaccine. It is a "killed" pathogenic microorganism. It has completely lost its infectivity and replication ability. Therefore, it will not cause new coronary pneumonia after vaccination, nor will it cause Vaccination made the new coronavirus nucleic acid test positive.
Q16. Will the serum antibody test be positive after being vaccinated with the new crown vaccine?
The role of the vaccine is to stimulate the body to produce antibodies. The anti-coronavirus antibodies were positive for the phase I/II clinical trials and emergency vaccinations 28 days after the inoculation of two doses of the new crown inactivated vaccine according to the immunization schedule.
It should be noted that in institutions that do not have the conditions for neutralizing antibody detection, such as using general methods (such as colloidal gold, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, etc.) to detect IgM and IgG antibodies, it may be negative, which is mainly restricted Due to the sensitivity of the test method, it does not necessarily mean that there is no immune response.
Q17. Do I still need to undergo a nucleic acid test after receiving the new crown vaccine?
Can the vaccination certificate replace the nucleic acid test report?
Vaccination can reduce the risk of infection to a certain extent, but the protective effect of any vaccine cannot reach 100%. When necessary, the relevant departments should still cooperate with the relevant departments for nucleic acid testing.
Q18. What should I do if I have a positive serum antibody in the immigration inspection after receiving the new crown vaccine?
The whole virus inactivated vaccine is used this time. The emergency vaccinators of the new crown inactivated vaccine are undergoing medical examinations at home and abroad. If the serum antibody test result is positive, the nucleic acid test and other test results are negative, they can declare that they have been vaccinated and show Vaccination certificate to facilitate the differential diagnosis of relevant institutions.
Q19. After the new crown vaccine, do I still need to wear a mask?
So far, the protective effect of any vaccine has not reached 100%, and a small number of people may still not produce protection or disease after vaccination.
At present, the population immune barrier has not been established.
Therefore, after vaccination, personal protective measures such as wearing masks, washing hands frequently, opening windows for ventilation, and maintaining social distance are still required.
Q20. Can individuals bring the new crown vaccine to colleagues overseas for vaccination?
There are strict approval procedures for the entry and exit of the new crown inactivated vaccine. Individuals are not allowed to carry the new crown inactivated vaccine out of the country without permission. Otherwise, they may face the risk of violating domestic and foreign laws.
Q21. When can the general public start vaccination?
According to the situation introduced at the press conference of the Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism of the State Council, after the outbreak of the new crown epidemic, my country has laid out five technical routes to promote vaccine research and development.
So far, according to the statistics of the World Health Organization, our vaccines entering clinical trials and vaccines entering Phase III clinical trials are in the world's first phalanx.
Since the epidemic situation in my country was controlled earlier and China did not have the conditions to carry out Phase III clinical trials, the five vaccines that entered Phase III clinical trials in my country were all Phase III clinical trials carried out abroad.
After the data is unblinded, relevant data will be released to the public in a timely manner. If the data meets the corresponding standards, the State Drug Administration will approve conditional listing or listing.
At that time, the general public can be vaccinated according to relevant national policies and vaccine supply.
The city will launch the new crown vaccination work for people going abroad for private purposes in a timely manner. Please continue to pay attention to the follow-up push of this official account.