Compulsory education is guaranteed to stop poverty and rely on knowledge (deep focus, poverty alleviation through education ①)
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In the year of building a well-off society in an all-round way and the end of the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan", the whole country will be united and united to fight decisively against poverty and strive to achieve the first century-old goal.
Poverty alleviation must support wisdom, and cure the poverty first.
Education is not only a fundamental strategy for getting rid of poverty and becoming rich, but also an important way to cut off the roots of poverty and block the intergenerational transmission of poverty.
In recent years, my country has achieved remarkable results in poverty alleviation through education. The work of "developing education to alleviate poverty" has been steadily advanced, and "everyone has the opportunity to shine in life" has become possible.
Education Weekly launched the "Educational Poverty Alleviation and Overcoming Difficulties" series plan today, so stay tuned.
Eight years ago, General Secretary Xi Jinping said during an inspection of poverty alleviation and development work in Fuping County, Hebei Province: “Compulsory education must be done well, so that children receive a good education, and don’t let children lose on the starting line. The tradition of'child reading'. Training children from poverty-stricken areas is the fundamental poverty alleviation policy."
Poverty alleviation must support the wisdom, and the cure of the poverty is the first to cure the stupidity, which is the last word of "breaking the roots of poverty."
Today, eight years later, our country’s basic education has historically solved the problem of “learning”, education fairness has achieved a new leap, and it is taking advantage of the trend to better realize the people’s desire to “go to school”.
The latest data from the Ministry of Education shows that as of the end of 2019, my country’s nine-year compulsory education consolidation rate reached 94.8%, reaching the average level of high-income countries in the world.
As of November 30, 2020, the number of drop-out students in compulsory education nationwide has dropped from about 600,000 at the beginning of the establishment of the ledger to 831. Among them, 200,000 students who dropped out of school with a registered card have been dynamically cleared for the 9th year of 2020. The goal of compulsory education consolidation rate reaching 95% has laid a solid foundation.
Persuade
"One cannot be less"
【Lens】
"Classmates, see who is here?" On October 27, 2019, when He Tingting, who had dropped out of school for more than three months, stood in front of the classmates, class 3 (1) of Liping Primary School in Guoyuan Town, Dongxiang Autonomous County, Gansu Province rang Warm applause.
After class, a good friend took her hand and asked this and that.
"I pick wolfberries in Qinghai. I wear long sleeves in the summer. I wipe my sweat while picking them under the sun. My arms and legs are numb. It's really hard to have a part-time job!" The 10-year-old girl had lingering fears.
Picking goji berries in summer and "sports car" with the family in winter were the "plans" for the children of this peasant family.
In order to get He Tingting back to class, the staff chased her all the way from Gansu to Qinghai and asked about her, only to find her in a picking area.
"The children's parents feel that it is their own business not to go to school, so we put our hearts and souls together, and we also came up with the compulsory education law, and finally convinced them." The staff member of the "Persuade Return Group" said.
"To achieve compulsory education is guaranteed, we must first persuade students who have dropped out of school to come back. The work of persuading them to return is complicated and very difficult. At present, we have basically realized what we should return." Deputy Minister of Education Zheng Fuzhi said.
There are many reasons why children drop out of school.
Especially in some poor areas with complex geographic environment, inconvenient traffic conditions, and large population flows, going out to work, early marriage and early childbirth, learning difficulties, tired of studying, physical disabilities... have all become "blockers" for children on the way to school.
How to do?
Cadres, principals, and teachers "travel thousands of mountains and rivers, walk into thousands of households, try to do everything possible, and speak a thousand words", everything is only for "no one can be less"!
In 2019, the Ministry of Education and 13 provinces signed the "Memorandum of Cooperation in Winning the Battle of Poverty Alleviation in Education", with the control of dropouts and school preservation as the primary task.
At the beginning of 2020, the party group of the Ministry of Education also set up a research and guidance group to implement the listing supervision, focusing on 52 uncapped poor counties as the main battlefield and "three districts and three states" as the decisive battlefield to implement precise assistance.
Our country has worked together from top to bottom to fight the "war to prevent dropouts". All localities responded actively and layered their responsibilities. The "one county, one case" in 95% of the counties in the country introduced a work plan for controlling dropouts.
Shaanxi Province has explored the formation of a "two-line and seven-leader" responsibility system. From county mayors, town mayors, and directors of education to principals, teachers, and parents, vertical inspections, hierarchical files, horizontal comparisons, and leakage supervision are carried out according to household registration and school status to ensure Every student who should go to school and who is able to go to school has a record of registration, and students who drop out of school can be persuaded to return.
"Our province has also established a level-by-level screening and registration system for dropout students at the provincial, city, county, and school levels, and the'one person, one policy' precise persuasion to return." Liu Baoping, deputy director of the Shaanxi Provincial Department of Education, introduced.
Guizhou Province formulated the Twenty Guidelines for Controlling Dropouts and Advising to Return to School, aiming at 20 types of dropouts, including migrant workers, disability due to illness, early marriage and early childbirth, missing contact, delayed enrollment, etc. Based on the accurate guidance of county-level governments, education administrative departments, and schools to encourage return to school.
Zhaohua District, Guangyuan City, Sichuan Province issued implementation opinions on controlling dropouts and established a five-in-one working mechanism of education bureau leaders, government officials and schools, principals and townships, middle-level cadres and villages, and teachers and households. Schools and teachers signed a letter of responsibility for dropout control goals.
Guangxin District, Shangrao City, Jiangxi Province has established a new mechanism of “advising first and then prosecuting” to control dropouts according to law. For those who have visited school for many times and still refuse to return to school, lawsuits are filed against the legal guardians of dropout students and the defendants are ordered to perform their legal obligations.
Since 2018, the district has prosecuted 1,305 parents of dropout students.
Funding
Let every child afford to go to school
【Lens】
"With 15 years of free education, a doll can save more than 3,000 yuan a semester, and three dolls in my family can save a yak a year!" Nie Gu, Danba County, Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province The parents of elementary school students felt that the more they counted, the more they felt "cost-effective."
From study to life, from textbooks and materials to toiletries, from nutritious lunch subsidies to high-altitude heating subsidies, from national scholarships to county-level education poverty alleviation funds... the children here can feel warm.
"Starting from 2015, Ganzi Prefecture has fully implemented 15 years of free education from preschool education to high school." Ao Chunling, deputy director of the Education and Sports Bureau of Ganzi Prefecture, said that in the past five years, Ganzi Prefecture has invested a total of 2.775 billion yuan to support students 9.583. Ten thousand students, accounting for nearly one-fifth of the state’s total population, have become direct beneficiaries of this policy.
Not letting a student drop out of school due to family difficulties means that every child can afford to go to school.
"'Two exemptions' are exemption of tuition and miscellaneous fees and free textbooks for urban and rural compulsory education students, and'one supplement' is a subsidy for living expenses for students with financial difficulties. Student subsidies are not only a prerequisite for ensuring compulsory education, but also an important popular project and livelihood. Engineering." Zheng Fuzhi said that my country has now achieved full coverage of the "two exemptions and one subsidy" policy.
According to data from the Ministry of Education, from 2016 to 2020, the central government has arranged a total of 393.124 billion yuan in public subsidies for compulsory education, 43.592 billion yuan in living allowances for students from families with financial difficulties, and 71.213 billion yuan in free textbook subsidies.
In order to relieve poor families from the "worries" of sending their children to school, in recent years, various localities have continued to improve their funding and assistance mechanisms to help prevent dropouts.
Hainan has adjusted the use of state-sponsored quotas throughout the province, with more arrangements in poor cities and counties, more arrangements in rural schools, and more arrangements in schools with many poor students; Jiangxi has recently expanded the scope of living allowances for compulsory education again, and living allowances focus on guaranteeing the establishment of poverty Four types of students from families with financial difficulties, students from families with financial difficulties and disabled students who are not registered with a file, students from rural low-income families, and students from rural poor support and support, as well as students from families from poor urban families...
At noon on October 23, the six dishes and one soup in the dining hall of Danjiang Middle School in Rongshui Miao Autonomous County, Liuzhou, Guangxi were neatly arranged.
"Today, there are white radish beef, cucumber pork, corn kernels minced meat, tube bone soup..." The students served their own meals and dishes in order.
According to reports, as of June 2020, the nutrition improvement plan has covered more than 130,000 rural compulsory education schools, benefiting more than 37 million students.
The central government has allocated more than 170 billion yuan in subsidies for nutritional meals, of which 23.1 billion yuan will be allocated in 2020.
The height has grown, the weight has increased, the anemia has decreased... A delicious and nutritious meal has significantly improved the nutritional status and physical fitness of rural children.
The follow-up monitoring by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention showed that in 2019, the average height of males and females of each age group in the pilot areas of the Nutrition Improvement Program increased by 1.54 cm and 1.69 cm, respectively, and the average weight increased by 1.06 kg and 1.18 kg respectively, which was higher than that in rural areas across the country. Average student growth rate.
Upgrade
Let students stay and learn well
【Lens】
"It feels like school is boring. I didn’t understand or learn in class before." When Li Zhi, a dropout student, was just persuaded to come back, the teachers were a little bit difficult when he heard Li Zhi's words-the child lacked interest in learning and was older. do?
Now, at Hainan Wanning Vocational Education School, Li Zhi, a junior student who had been suspended for nearly a year, has returned to the classroom.
From a general middle school to a vocational middle school, he studied compulsory education courses while learning cooking.
"I find that I like it very much, and I am ready to learn, and I will take the path of chef in the future." Li Zhi said.
Vocational junior high school classes, poverty alleviation classes, waiting for the flowers to open... Since September 2019, Hainan Province has successfully persuaded a group of students to transfer from ordinary middle schools to vocational middle schools by adopting methods such as registering and entering villages and households. , Let them master a skill, also have the opportunity to shine in life.
Persuading the drop-out students to come back and staying at the bottom line of "guaranteeing" is only the first step. Only by allowing students to stay and learn well can the problem be solved fundamentally.
"The situation of every student who is advised to return is different, and the number of years to drop out and the basis of study are also different. Scientific research and judgment must be carried out, and the'one person, one case' must be rationally arranged." said Lu Yugang, director of the Department of Basic Education of the Ministry of Education. Students with a better foundation can be transferred to school; for students who have dropped out of school for a long time and have a weak foundation, they can be divided into classes and "start a small kitchen" to make up their foundation; for older students with strong desire for employment, general education can be used The integration of vocational education, on the one hand, complements the necessary cultural lessons, on the other hand, allows students to master a skill and prepare for employment.
Retention and learning are inseparable from the continuous improvement of rural education.
In recent years, our country has made great efforts to solve the problem of "weak rural areas", and a rural school has given new vigor and vitality.
The campus is getting more and more beautiful.
For small-scale schools in rural areas and boarding schools in towns and townships, my country has made overall plans, improved school conditions, and strengthened the construction of teachers.
As of the end of 2019, 309,000 compulsory education schools (including teaching points) across the country met the basic requirements, accounting for 99.8% of the total number of compulsory education schools.
The quality of teaching is getting better and better.
As of the end of 2019, 2767 counties across the country have passed the evaluation and assessment of the basic balanced development of compulsory education, accounting for 95.32%. The 23 provinces as a whole have achieved a basic balanced development of compulsory education at the county level.
The teacher is getting stronger and stronger.
my country has established diversified training supplementary exchange mechanisms such as special job plans, open recruitment, targeted training, "county-managed school employment", and retirement education support, attracting a large number of outstanding talents to teach and support education in the countryside.
Since 2016, a total of 420,000 special post teachers in rural schools have been recruited, covering more than 1,000 counties and more than 30,000 rural schools in the central and western regions.
"We must continue to keep a close watch on dropouts, work hard to improve the level of rural compulsory education, and do everything possible to promote the integration of urban and rural education. We must not only resolutely win the battle against poverty in education, but also in-depth thinking about the follow-up development of education strategies, combining with reality. Plan ahead, continue to advance, and implement well." said Chen Baosheng, Minister of Education.
Our reporter Zhang Shuo