During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, China will establish a vocational education college entrance examination system.
Vocational education can only recruit low-scoring students. The problem is solved
Core reading
During the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, my country will focus on the construction of a modern vocational education system, strengthen its type characteristics, firm up the direction of service development, and promote employment. It will continue to deepen the integration of industry and education, school-enterprise cooperation, the integration of work and learning, and the integration of knowledge and action. Vocational education development path.
□ reporter Zhang Wei
"This year, 25,000 students in the province passed the general high-level courses, but did not go to ordinary high schools, but went to vocational schools; 24,000 students passed the ordinary undergraduate courses, but did not go to ordinary undergraduates, and went to higher vocational colleges." Deng Yunfeng, party secretary and director of the Provincial Department of Education, gave the above data at a press conference held by the Ministry of Education on December 8.
Obviously, with the continuous support of policies in recent years, the advantages of vocational education have become increasingly prominent.
Deng Yunfeng said that despite the impact of the epidemic this year, the employment rate of vocational colleges has remained above 90%.
"We are now carrying out so many school-enterprise cooperation, integration of production and education, and order-based training. The children see hope, see the future, and can get high-quality employment."
In the future, this advantage will continue to expand without any suspense.
Chen Ziji, Director of the Department of Vocational Education and Adult Education of the Ministry of Education, revealed that during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, the college entrance examination system for vocational education will be established, the general vocational accommodation system will be improved, and the national qualifications framework system will be improved. Have equal rights.
Break the ceiling of vocational education
Since the "13th Five-Year Plan", the Party Central Committee has paid unprecedented attention to vocational education.
Vocational education has thus become a breakthrough in the comprehensive reform of education, in terms of improving the school running system, improving the education mechanism, improving the quality of connotation, enhancing service capabilities, building a "double-qualified" teacher team, and building the world's largest vocational education system. Both have achieved gratifying results.
According to Chen Ziji, there are currently 11,500 vocational colleges nationwide, with 28.57 million students; secondary vocational enrollment is 6 million, accounting for 41.7% of high school education; higher vocational college enrollment is 4.83 million, accounting for 52.9 of ordinary colleges and universities. %.
A total of 54.52 million graduates of higher education and continuing education have been trained, and about 320 million people have been trained in community education.
How can vocational education, once "difficult to have a name" in the education system, achieve such dazzling results?
This is related to the important position of vocational education in the national talent training system based on type education during the "13th Five-Year Plan" period.
During the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, my country will focus on the construction of a modern vocational education system, strengthen types and characteristics, firm up the direction of service development, and promote employment. It will continue to deepen the integration of industry and education, school-enterprise cooperation, combination of work and learning, and the integration of knowledge and action, and develop a Chinese characteristic The development path of vocational education.
Chen Ziji called "establishing the type status of vocational education" as "the biggest contribution during the 13th Five-Year Plan period."
In January 2019, the State Council issued the "National Vocational Education Reform Implementation Plan", which clearly stated: "Vocational education and general education are two different types of education and have the same important status." It officially confirmed that vocational education is a separate system in my country's education system. Kind of education.
The biggest breakthrough is to build a modern vocational education system that integrates vertically and horizontally.
"In general, the vocational education school system structure is more reasonable, the positioning is clearer, and the attractiveness of vocational education is greatly improved." Especially since 2019, the Ministry of Education has approved 22 schools to carry out undergraduate-level vocational education pilot programs, breaking vocational education Stop at the "ceiling" at the specialist level.
In terms of horizontal accommodation, it is mainly to establish general vocational accommodation, industry-education accommodation, school-enterprise accommodation, academic education and training accommodation, teacher accommodation, vocational skills training and professional spirit cultivation accommodation.
During the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, vocational education has entered a new stage of high-quality development featuring quality improvement and value-added empowerment.
In collaborative education, adhere to school-enterprise cooperation, work-study integration, and strengthen education and teaching activities that integrate teaching, learning, and practical training.
The pilot program of modern apprenticeship was carried out, and 558 pilot units of modern apprenticeship were deployed, covering more than 1,000 professional points, benefiting 100,000 students and apprentices.
Issue the "Measures for the Promotion of Vocational School School-Enterprise Cooperation", improve the enterprise participation system, and give play to the important role of enterprises in running schools.
More people choose skills to become talents
"Vocational education can only recruit students with low scores" has begun to be solved gradually.
Deng Yunfeng has a deep understanding of this.
The establishment of the "vocational education and college entrance examination" system has attracted more young people to become talented with skills and serve the country with skills.
Establish a "cultural quality + vocational skills" vocational education college entrance examination system, the undergraduate admission ratio of vocational education college entrance examination has increased from 6:1 to 4:1, and the proportion of secondary vocational students entering higher education exceeds 70%.
This year, Shandong Province enrolled 444,000 students for secondary vocational schools, an increase of 10.8% over the previous year. 25,000 students’ scores exceeded the admission line for ordinary high schools; for higher vocational schools, 448,000 students were admitted, exceeding the enrollment tasks for higher vocational education, and there were 24,000 students. The score exceeds the general undergraduate admission line.
It is worth noting that when the epidemic was still serious in the first half of the year, 170,000 vocational education students in Shandong returned to work to support nearly 1,000 enterprises to resume work and production.
Among the eight fast-growing industries in Shandong, including processing and manufacturing, and modern logistics, more than 70% of the new frontline employees come from vocational colleges.
From the perspective of vocational and technical colleges, relying on national policies to achieve leapfrog development of vocational education has also benefited them a lot.
Ma Xiaoming, vice president of Shenzhen Vocational and Technical College, said that during the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, the school will link up with the regional industry chain and encourage key professional groups to join the Fortune Global 500 or industry leaders to form a special industry college, and achieve integration of industry and education and school-enterprise cooperation. More solid and deeper.
"At present, we have teamed up with a number of industry leaders and leading companies such as Huawei, Ping An, BYD, Tencent, Alibaba, China Merchants Port, Meituan, etc., to build 11 characteristic industry colleges. Schools and enterprises jointly carry out party building activities and jointly build high standards. Professionals, joint development of curriculum standards, joint creation of a teaching team, joint establishment of R&D centers, joint development of high-end certification certificates, joint innovation and entrepreneurship education, joint enrollment, and joint going out." Ma Xiaoming said.
Haikou Tourism Vocational School exports more than 1,300 graduates every year. There are hundreds of companies of various types competing for admission to the school every year. The employment rate of graduates has reached over 97%. The supply of students in some key majors exceeds demand.
Zhao Jinling, principal of Haikou Tourism Vocational School, said that Haikou Tourism Vocational School has established school-enterprise strategic partnerships with more than 40 companies.
Improve the general employment financing system
During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, vocational education will have a broader development horizon.
Chen Ziji revealed that during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, the Ministry of Education will focus on the following links around the "dual track" dual communication system.
On the one hand is the guarantee of the system: the establishment of a vocational college entrance examination system, relying on this system, links secondary vocational education, vocational college education, and vocational undergraduate education in content and training. Students in any vocational college can pass vocational education. The college entrance examination system enters any professional study in any vocational college; the improvement of the general vocational accommodation system is mainly carried out at the two levels of curriculum sharing and student mobility, so as to promote the sharing of resources and mutual reference between vocational education and general education; improve national qualifications A framework system that provides for the exchange of learning achievement levels between students in vocational education and students in general education, and further provides a system where students in two education series in a specific field enjoy equal rights;
On the other hand, we should improve the supporting conditions for the effective operation of the system: build an industrial talent data platform, continue to deepen and track data on the needs of professional talents in various industries, release talent demand reports in a timely and accurate manner, and scientifically guide the professional setting of vocational colleges , Enrollment scale and positioning of talent training goals; improve professional teaching standards to provide institutional guarantees for the overall improvement and construction of teaching quality; explore mixed school-running methods, and establish school-enterprise cooperation governance structure and operation based on the property rights system and benefit-sharing mechanism Mechanism; the professional training system for teachers should be improved; the quality control system of education and teaching should be improved; and the fair admission and employment system should be improved.
Through system design, it is ensured that vocational education track students enjoy equal opportunities with ordinary education track students in terms of further studies, job search, job benefits, and job promotion.
In addition, on the issue of undergraduate vocational education, since 2019, the Ministry of Education has approved 22 undergraduate vocational education. Now it is mainly to promote the transfer of independent colleges, and high-quality higher vocational colleges can participate in the transfer of independent colleges.
"We are studying. The next step is to select some majors in high-level vocational colleges, and after certain procedures are approved, vocational education at the undergraduate level will be held." Chen Ziji said.