How to make sports aesthetics stronger? (Deep focus)
Our reporter Wu Yue
Core reading
The "Opinions on Comprehensively Strengthening and Improving School Sports Work in the New Era" and the "Opinions on Comprehensively Strengthening and Improving School Aesthetic Education Work in the New Era" were issued a few days ago, and systematic design and comprehensive deployment of strengthening and improving school physical education and aesthetic education in the new era were carried out. .
In recent years, various localities have actively innovated in deepening teaching reforms, improving conditions for running schools, perfecting evaluation mechanisms, and strengthening organizational guarantees, and gradually accumulated experience.
How can teaching be improved?
"Keep your feet together" and take good physical education courses
At 10 o'clock in the morning, the playground of the Wugongshan Matian Central School in Pingxiang City, Jiangxi Province became lively: children walked out of the classroom, went to the playground to run and practice wrestling.
Wrestling is the sports feature of this country school.
Every week, students can take 80 minutes of special training classes in wrestling.
"It turns out that 40 minutes of physical education, excluding preparation activities, left insufficient time for special learning, and the intensity is not easy to guarantee." The principal Zhu Zhihui decided to adjust the physical education class to two consecutive sessions to make the children really sweat and exercise. body.
The school has also created school-based wrestling textbooks and formulated a hierarchical training plan. The first and second grades arrange basic flexibility exercises and games, the third and fourth grades learn basic movements, and the fifth and sixth grades start actual wrestling.
In the past, no exercise load, no competition, no sweating were shortcomings in some school physical education classes.
In the Matian Central School, students learned to wrestle in class and practiced after class. The members of the wrestling team also won many awards at the city and provincial sports games.
"Through training and competitions, the children have a healthy and vigorous state!" Zhu Zhihui said.
Wang Dengfeng, director of the Department of Sports, Health, and Arts of the Ministry of Education, said that teaching reform is the key to strengthening and improving school physical education and aesthetic education. Focusing on "church, diligence, and regular competition (exhibition)" is the core of education and teaching reform.
The "Opinions on Comprehensively Strengthening and Improving School Physical Education Work in the New Era" and the "Opinions on Comprehensively Strengthening and Improving School Aesthetic Education Work in the New Era" put forward that in terms of curriculum development, on the basis of "full effort", we must "make good "Sports and aesthetic education courses, strictly implement the rigid requirements of school sports and aesthetic education courses, continue to expand the curriculum, gradually increase class hours, and enrich curriculum content.
Shanghai has put forward a curriculum reform and construction plan of "primary school interest, junior high school diversification, high school specialization, and university individualization".
Taking Shanghai Qibao Middle School as an example, high school students can also take 5 PE classes a week. In addition to basic courses, special courses, activity courses, and elective courses, there are also special courses such as sports media, sports appreciation, bodybuilding, and sports rehabilitation.
"In physical education classes, you can not only learn skills and improve physical fitness, but also broaden your horizons, know how to respect life, and lay the foundation for a lifetime of happiness and health." said Yao Li, director of the Qibao Middle School Sports Education Center.
The aesthetic education courses of various schools in various places are also becoming more abundant.
Beijing Haidian District Experimental Primary School actively develops school-based courses. The school-based textbooks "Understanding the Land Under Our Feet" and "Entering the Humanistic World of Music" are very popular among students; Xianlai School in Xinyu City, Jiangxi offers 22 courses including summer cloth embroidery, bamboo weaving, and tea picking. Aesthetic education courses, students take classes in a "class system", each school year chooses one course...
During the interview, many experts said that school physical education is not only about running and jumping, but also for students to enjoy fun, strengthen their physical fitness, improve their personality, and temper their will. Aesthetic education is not only about “blow, pull, play, and sing”. Humanistic literacy.
Wang Yichuan, director of the Research Center of Literature and Art of Beijing Normal University, believes that when teaching aesthetic education, it is not only to cultivate students' hobbies and artistic expertise, but also to guide students to cultivate their hearts, so as to educate people with beauty, beautify people with beauty, and cultivate talents with beauty.
"To give full play to the function and value of physical education and health courses, not only to develop students' athletic ability, but also to cultivate healthy behaviors, and to help students develop the virtues of fighting hard and following the rules." said Wang Xiaozan, a professor at the School of Sports and Health at East China Normal University .
How to improve school conditions?
Coordinate and integrate social resources and establish a support mechanism
Teachers, venues and equipment are important conditions for school sports and aesthetic education.
Speaking of school physical education teachers, Wu Ying, director of school affairs at the First Affiliated Middle School of Tongji University, gave a thumbs up: “Of the school’s 10 physical education teachers, 7 are postgraduates and are the team with the highest secondary education in all disciplines of the school!” Under the leadership, many junior sports "noobs" at school became sports masters.
However, regional, urban-rural, and inter-school development are still uneven.
The shortage of teachers and insufficient venues and equipment are the "old difficulty" problems faced by some schools.
How to improve the conditions for running schools has become the focus of the work of schools in all regions.
At the Yongchang Street Huimin Primary School in Jinan City, the calligraphy and painting class every Wednesday afternoon is what students expect.
"A professional teacher came to teach us calligraphy and painting, and my handwriting is getting better and better. I have won awards for Chinese painting!" said student Zuo Yuxuan.
In 2011, the school and the Shizhong District Literary Union of Jinan jointly established a calligraphy and painting training base.
Over the past 10 years, more than 10 calligraphers and painters have jointly planned courses with the school, allowing students to receive the calligraphy and painting education enlightenment.
"The overall planning and integration of social resources has made up for the school's lack of aesthetic education teachers, and has brought great changes to the school. I am very grateful to the calligraphers and painters of Deyi and Xinxin!" Principal Ding Zhenchun said.
The professional resources of colleges and universities can also provide support for the development of physical education in primary and secondary schools.
On November 11, at the summary meeting of “Gaocan Primary School” in Dongcheng District, Beijing (colleges and social forces support the development of sports and aesthetic education in primary and secondary schools), Grade 6 students of Dongcheng District Shijia Primary School, Zheng Bohao and Gao Hanfei performed Peking Opera "Zhu Lian" Excerpts from "The Village" won warm applause.
"The teachers at the Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Opera taught me hand in hand, which made me fall in love with Peking Opera." Gao Hanfei said.
Since 2014, through the "Gaocan Primary School", teachers of the Chinese Academy of Opera have come to the branch school of Shijia Primary School in Dongcheng District to help set up Peking Opera courses and guide associations.
Over the past six years, the "Gaocan Primary School" has benefited more than 400,000 students from 166 primary schools in Beijing.
In response to the insufficient number and low quality of physical education teachers in weak schools, the two "Opinions" also proposed to implement a plan to support teaching for college students majoring in physical education and art education.
Jiangxi explores the selection of volunteers from colleges and universities majoring in music, sports, and beauty to carry out a one-semester teaching support in remote rural primary schools with a high proportion of left-behind children. In 2019, it selected 2,695 students and 900 aided schools.
"Our college's football majoring support college students have fulfilled the football dreams of many left-behind children." said Luo Lin, dean of the School of Sports of Jiangxi Normal University.
Jiangsu Province pays attention to the balanced development of aesthetic education in rural schools. Children's prints in Donghai County, Lianyungang City, folk art in Tongzhou District, Nantong City, paper-cutting art in Yangzhong City, Zhenjiang City, traditional handicrafts in Hanjiang District, Yangzhou City, and children's paintings in Suining County, Xuzhou City, etc. Become a feature of aesthetic education in local rural schools.
How to reform the evaluation mechanism?
Optimize and improve the test evaluation without increasing the burden on students
In terms of student evaluation, teacher evaluation, and education supervision and evaluation, the two "Opinions" proposed a series of measures.
Among them, "Improve the content, methods and scoring methods of the sports test for the senior high school entrance examination, scientifically determine and gradually increase the score", "Explore the inclusion of art subjects in the pilot reform of the senior high school entrance examination, and include the admission scoring subjects for the high school entrance examination". The heart of teachers and students.
"Compared to result evaluation, process evaluation is more important. The purpose of the exam is to guide students to strengthen daily physical exercise and develop good sports habits." said Deng Guohui, a physical education teacher at the Third Middle School in Mengzi City, Yunnan, encouraging schools and teachers Pay more attention to the guidance of daily teaching, not just "results only".
The art entrance examination is also exploring and advancing in many provinces.
In the first year of this year, Jiangsu Province fully implemented the art entrance examination. Except for individual cities that did not organize a city-wide summative evaluation of music and art quality due to the epidemic and other reasons, other cities will count the results of the summative evaluation as scores or ranks in the entrance examination results.
According to reports, the evaluation combines procedural evaluation and summative evaluation, with music and art teaching materials as the basic content, and students should know and know as the basic standard.
Ma Zhengrong, an art teacher at Nanjing Ninghai Middle School Branch, is currently teaching third-year students. She believes that the art entrance examination aims to encourage schools, families, and students to pay more attention to art education, and how to further optimize the examination evaluation methods to make the examination evaluation more scientific and It conforms to the characteristics of the subject and truly stimulates students' interest and enthusiasm, requiring careful exploration.
How to strengthen the proportion of sports and aesthetic education in the evaluation of students?
Taking the evaluation of aesthetic education examination as an example, the relevant person in charge of the Department of Sports, Health, and Arts of the Ministry of Education stated that in principle, there are no national uniform regulations regarding examination methods, scoring methods, and scores. Each province needs to explore according to its own conditions. There are three needs Note: One is to follow the rules of education and evaluation of aesthetic education itself and not to increase the burden on students; the second is to combine process evaluation with result evaluation; the third is to implement scientifically and cautiously based on the actual situation of each region and steadily advance the implementation.