How can labor education be fun and useful
Autumn is the harvest season. The children of Miaoquan School in Nankeng Town, Luxi County, Jiangxi Province are full of joy.
"Our class was rated five stars this time!" Since 2012, Miaoquan School has opened up a vegetable plot on the campus as a practice place for planting labor.
During the harvest season, students can bring the harvested results to the cafeteria to "exchange" class fees.
Labor education is no longer a new topic.
In 2018, the National Education Conference clearly proposed to “train socialist builders and successors with comprehensive development of morality, intelligence, physical education, art, and labor”, re-putting labor education to an important position.
In September of this year, General Secretary Xi Jinping once again mentioned "extensive labor education" in his speech at the forum of representatives of experts in the field of education, culture, health and sports.
The "Overall Plan for Deepening Educational Evaluation Reform in the New Era" issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council not long ago also proposed that universities, middle schools and primary schools should clarify the goals and requirements of labor education for different stages and different grades, and guide students to uphold and respect labor.
However, in the actual implementation process, some schools and regions still have problems such as "walking through" clocks, disguised "increasing burden" for parents, and poor communication between home and school.
How can labor education be interesting and useful?
How should the tripartite family, school and society interact in order to achieve a better education effect?
The journalist made an interview about this.
What to do if labor education becomes "punch-in" and hand in photos
Strengthen guidance and focus on summary
Did the last labor class and cleaning up complete labor education?
otherwise.
The reporter noticed that the "Guiding Guidelines for Labor Education in Universities, Middle Schools and Primary Schools (Trial)" (hereinafter referred to as "Outline") issued by the Ministry of Education in July requires students to "experience the actual labor process", but also to be good at observation and thinking and focus on applying what they have learned. Knowledge solves practical problems and improves labor quality and efficiency.
At the same time, we should also pay attention to students’ experience and perception in the process of labor, guide students to feel the hardships of labor and the joy of harvest, enhance the sense of gain, accomplishment, and honor, and encourage students to learn and draw on the rich experience and skills of others Try new methods and explore new technologies.
Some experts have also written articles suggesting that participation in labor activities is not equivalent to labor education, and that the true realization of the education process must make the results of labor have educational significance and play an educational role.
"Homework is checked in once a day from Monday to Friday. The way to check in is to submit one or two photos with a text description... Relevant data will be used as the basis for the grading of labor education practice classes this semester." This is a college student complaining on Weibo. "Labor Month".
According to media reports, labor education in many schools is still at the "punch-in" stage, staying at one or two labor activities.
How to enhance the depth of labor education, so that students truly have a sense of identification with labor value, instead of just "scratching a card", "sweating once", and "moving the muscles and bones"?
Some principals and teachers said that strengthening the guidance of students and focusing on summarizing may be more important.
"I have been taking labor classes for two or three years. I mainly teach them what vegetables should be grown in what season, what kind of harvest they will have, and what are the benefits of eating various kinds of vegetables, etc., first talk about the theory, and then teach them on the spot. Plant it. I think the most important thing in the labor class is to let students experience the joy of labor, let them feel fun, know how the vegetables we usually eat grow and harvest, and understand this process." Liu Yayuan, a labor teacher in Miaoquan School Say.
Liu Yayuan introduced that while attending class, he would ask students from time to time, such as the planting season of a certain vegetable, how much soil should be filled when planting, etc., and let the students show him one by one after planting.
"During work, I also pay attention to arouse their interest in exploring. Sometimes I heard feedback from students saying that he found a lot of insect eyes on the vegetable leaves, like a fishing net. At this time, I told them to fight medicine. In the process, they realize that just planting the seedlings may not yield. In this way, they can experience the process of discovering and solving problems in labor."
"I think that labor education should follow the principles of technology, foundation, and innovation. In labor technology classes, we should focus on cultivating students’ technical awareness, improving students’ ability to use tools and thinking skills, and strengthen students’ awareness of innovation and Cultivation of innovative thinking, innovative ability and innovative personality.” said Tang Zhili, principal of Experimental Primary School in Dongxiang Autonomous County, Gansu Province.
"The real labor education is the education of the heart, not just the education of the body. What is done is not important, why do you want to do it? What do you gain in the process of doing it? These two issues are more valuable than the former, so before labor Guidance and summary after labor are crucial links, which really involve the art and value of labor education.” said He Caihong, head of the Experimental Middle School of Pengshui Miao and Tujia Autonomous County in Chongqing.
"At the hottest hour or two, we plunged into the sweet potato field against the sun. The buried sweet potato has been'hide and seek' with us, sometimes knocking down the unmovable stem on the ground for a long time. But I only found some broken roots. Sometimes I was full of expectation but I only saw the sweet potatoes with thick fingers. Although the final harvest was not great, every hoe is a beautiful dream." Feng Feng, a student of the 2019 PPE experimental class of Wuhan University This is how the day sums up the experience of walking into the Optics Valley Arita Labor Education Practice Base for a day.
How to solve "student labor" into "parents' burden"
Integrate labor education into all aspects of education
Every spring, there are more than 20,000 third-grade primary school students and their parents in a certain city in the eastern region "crazy" to find mulberry leaves for "silkworm babies".
According to media reports, sericulture is a "prescribed action" in the city's third-grade science textbooks. Students are required to experience labor and observe the process from the incubation of eggs to the end of the silkworm moth.
Some parents estimate that if there are more than 20,000 third-grade primary school students in the city, if each person raises 10 silkworms, there will be more than 200,000 silkworms. It is not surprising that “mulberry leaves are hard to find in the city”.
Some critics say that this adds an extra burden to parents.
Some parents also reported that the requirements of "going to the labor base to be accompanied by the parents" and "assisting in taking pictures" during the labor education process in some schools have also turned "student labor" into "parents' burden."
If the materials of labor education are "taken in accordance with local conditions", the materials of labor education can be described as "collectively."
According to Ni Zonghui, the principal of Miaoquan School, teachers in Miaoquan School guide students to set up various extracurricular interest groups based on the hobbies and expertise of students.
The vegetable field on campus is the "material library" that these group activities cannot do without.
The crafting group observes the shape and color of vegetables, uses various materials to make vegetable-themed beauty work products, and uses vegetables and fruits to make dried fruit food; the writing group collects various agricultural proverbs by reading books and makes them into calligraphy art works; the art group teaches the classroom Moved to the practice base and used various vegetables and base scenery as physical objects to sketch on the spot. Some students also used vegetable seeds or fruits to make vivid art works.
"I think it is not enough to rely on labor education to enter the curriculum, and it will also increase the burden on teachers, students and parents. I think it is necessary to fully explore and use the connotation of labor education in each subject. The knowledge taught in each subject Behind it, there is the educating value of labor education." said Li Zhengtao, a professor of the Department of Education of East China Normal University, "For example, mathematics classes allow students to try to make teaching aids and learning tools; Chinese classes teach "Moonlight Song" and tell Beethoven's stories. Help students realize that Beethoven grows into a musician not only because of talent, but also because of continuous self-training and tempering. This is labor itself. Only in this way can labor education penetrate and penetrate into different disciplines and different teaching methods. I think this is the way to go."
"Labor education should be open, the time for teaching activities and students' practical and operational activities should be flexible, and the content of teaching should not be limited to teaching materials, so as to integrate both inside and outside classes, inside and outside schools. The presentation of labor technology results should be open , The results should be obtained by students' practice and exploration in a vast space and time, so that students can form creative new ideas." Tang Zhili said.
How to change "work at school is good, but go home to take care of yourself"
Improve the social cooperation model of family school
"Now many children are'difficult to work, no matter what the grains are.' Some parents said that their children are almost in junior high school, but they don't do any housework at home, the rooms are messy, and they don't know how to clean up. Clean and clean." Some netizens said.
The reporter noticed that the labor mentioned in the "Outline" is divided into three parts. One is "daily life labor education", which puts forward "based on personal life affairs, pay attention to the cultivation of living ability and good hygiene habits, and establish a sense of self-reliance." How to prevent students from "working well at school but taking care of themselves at home", the reporter interviewed some principals and experts, and believed that home-school cooperation is a must for the continuous and in-depth development of labor education.
"The cultivation of labor concepts should be a process that waits for the flowers to bloom. The close cooperation between home and school is very important. The main body of labor education should be students, and schools and families should guide and supervise the implementation of labor education. Home schools should form education Only by working together can we receive the best educational effect. Therefore, it is very important for the school to organize parent training meetings and parent coordination meetings on a regular basis. We must first unify our thinking and reach a consensus, and then implement it in a planned and step-by-step manner." He Caihong said.
"For the work at home, we have provided students with a reference to the "Day Routine at Home" for students, and put forward different requirements for children of different ages, such as what kind of housework can lower grade students help at home, and middle and upper grade students participate. What kind of work we will remind parents to supervise students' performance in accordance with "A Day at Home Routine", and teachers will regularly communicate with parents to understand students' performance at home." Ni Zonghui introduced the practice of Miaoquan School.
In addition to home-school cooperation, many principals and experts said that school-community cooperation is also the direction that labor education needs to work on in the future.
Ni Zonghui revealed to reporters that one of the constraints of the school's labor education is that the labor education resources for students to participate in industry are still slightly insufficient.
"In view of local conditions, labor education resources are mainly concentrated in agricultural planting and breeding. Although we have cooperated with some electrical porcelain factories, such as organizing visits to workshops, the effect is not very satisfactory. We would like to further broaden our students' horizons. Promote their long-term development."
"I believe that labor education requires multiple parties to jointly undertake the main responsibilities. Not only are subject teachers and head teachers the main body of education, but parents are also the main body of education. Museums, science and technology museums, libraries, nursing homes and other institutions can all take responsibility for education, and all can contribute to labor education. Contribution. Therefore, the most fundamental solution is to establish a collaborative mechanism based on labor education in the sense of the linkage between home, school and society.” Li Zhengtao said, “The important role of the collaborative mechanism is evaluation. For example, when students work in the community, the community Does the school recognize the scores and evaluations given to him? How does the school recognize them? How to make the student's performance in society a part of his school performance evaluation, and a part of the overall evaluation of him in the future. . And the brewing, formulation and implementation of the evaluation plan requires multiple parties to sit down and jointly negotiate and implement together."
"Just like when we set up an education committee in the past, we may also need to establish a multi-party labor education committee. This education committee involves school participation, community participation, and parent participation. It is easy to engage in one or two activities, but how to make it sustainable and institutionalized? This is a difficult problem, so we must think about it at the level of education governance and social governance." Li Zhengtao added.
(Our reporter Zhou Shixiang and Yang Sa)