Create a new glorious development of "agriculture, rural areas and farmers" in the new era (People's Talks · "13th Five-Year" brilliant achievements · agricultural and rural areas)

  The "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period is the key five years for our country to win a decisive victory in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and fight poverty.

The Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core has always insisted on solving the "three rural" issues as the top priority of the whole party's work, established the general policy of giving priority to agricultural and rural development, initiated the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy, and promoted historic achievements in agricultural and rural development.

In particular, actively respond to the sudden new crown pneumonia epidemic and the impact of severe natural disasters, make overall plans for epidemic prevention and control, and stabilize the production and supply of agricultural products, persist in fighting disasters to achieve a bumper harvest, and focus on making up for the outstanding shortcomings in the "three rural" areas, and stabilize agriculture and rural areas Good development situation.

General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “This time the new crown pneumonia epidemic is so serious, but our society has always remained stable, and the stable supply of food and important agricultural and sideline products is indispensable.”

Significant achievements have been made in the development of agriculture and rural areas, and the "three rural" ballasts have become more prominent

  During the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, my country's agricultural modernization has made significant progress, rural revitalization has started well, rural reforms have continued to deepen, rural society has been harmonious and stable, and farmers’ sense of happiness has continued to increase. This is in response to domestic and foreign risks and challenges and to stabilize the overall economic and social development. , Achieving the first centenary goal as scheduled provides basic support.

  The protection level of important agricultural products has been steadily improved.

Implement the strategy of “hiding grain in the ground and storing grain in technology”, strictly protect permanent basic farmland, delimit 1.088 billion mu of grain production functional area and important agricultural product production protection zone, build a batch of grain production core bases, and promote good varieties, good land, good opportunities, good methods , The comprehensive agricultural production capacity is further improved.

Grain production has achieved the historic "Sixteen Lianfeng". The output in 2019 reached 1.3277 billion jin. This year, the grain output is expected to increase at a high level.

Per capita food consumption has stabilized at 470 kilograms, which is far above the international food security line. The 1.4 billion Chinese people have their jobs firmly in their hands.

The self-sufficiency rate of wheat and rice is more than 100%, and the self-sufficiency rate of corn is more than 95%. The basic self-sufficiency of grains and absolute safety of rations will be realized.

The output of fruits, vegetables, tea, meat, eggs, fish, etc., ranks first in the world, and the supply of "vegetable baskets" and "fruit plates" is sufficient, which better meets the escalating consumer demand of the people.

  Agricultural modernization has reached a new level.

The structural reform of the agricultural supply side has been intensified. The construction of a modern agricultural industry system, production system, and management system has been accelerated, technical equipment support capabilities have been significantly enhanced, and quality, efficiency and competitiveness have been continuously improved.

In 2019, the contribution rate of agricultural science and technology progress reached 59.2%.

The construction of high-standard farmland with 800 million mu of drought and waterlogging, high and stable yields was completed, and the comprehensive mechanization rate of the main crops cultivation and harvesting exceeded 70%.

Full coverage of improved varieties of major crops has been achieved. The area of ​​autonomously selected varieties accounted for more than 95%, and the self-sufficiency rate of major livestock and poultry core sources exceeded 70%.

The “Internet +” agricultural product exiting village and entering the city project was launched, and the construction of digital agriculture in rural areas accelerated.

Various forms of moderately scaled operations have achieved new development. There are more than 3.2 million family farms and farmer cooperatives nationwide, more than 17 million high-quality farmers, and 35.9% of the rural contracted land transfer area.

The agricultural cooperation with countries and regions along the “Belt and Road” is actively promoted. In 2019, the total agricultural product trade reached 230 billion U.S. dollars, with an average annual growth rate of 7.6% during the “13th Five-Year Plan” period.

  New progress has been made in agricultural green development.

Implement the five major actions of agricultural green development, and accelerate the advancement of input reduction, clean production, and waste recycling.

The use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides across the country has achieved negative growth for three consecutive years. The comprehensive utilization rate of livestock and poultry manure has reached 75%, the comprehensive utilization rate of straw and the recovery rate of agricultural film have reached 86% and 80% respectively, and the qualified rate of agricultural product quality and safety monitoring has stabilized above 97% .

The Northeast Black Land Conservation Cultivation Initiative was launched, and the arable land rotation and fallow system pilot projects were steadily advanced. The quality of arable land nationwide increased by 0.35 grades compared with 2014.

The utilization efficiency of agricultural water resources has been continuously improved, and the effective utilization coefficient of farmland irrigation water has reached 0.559.

The level of conservation and restoration of the agricultural ecosystem has improved. The key waters of the Yangtze River will be banned for 10 years from 2021, and the seven major inland river basins and major rivers, lakes and seas will be fully covered by the fishing moratorium.

  The goal of doubling the income of farmers was achieved ahead of schedule.

The per capita disposable income of rural residents exceeded 16,000 yuan in 2019, and the growth rate was higher than that of urban residents for 10 consecutive years, achieving the goal of doubling the 2010 level ahead of schedule.

The development of rural industries has accelerated, with agricultural product processing revenue reaching 22 trillion yuan, and the processing conversion rate increased to 68%.

The operating income of leisure agriculture and rural tourism reached 850 billion yuan in 2019, with an average growth rate of over 10% from 2015 to 2019, directly driving 12 million jobs.

More than 3,200 modern agricultural industrial parks, 811 strong agricultural industrial towns, and 50 characteristic industrial clusters have been built. The industrial pattern of the joint development of counties, towns and villages is taking shape.

In 2019, the total number of migrant workers reached 291 million, and wage income accounted for 41.1% of farmers’ income.

  Decisive achievements have been made in the fight against poverty.

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, 93.48 million people in rural poverty have been lifted out of poverty under current standards, and the incidence of poverty has dropped to 0.6%. 780 poor counties have lifted their heads out of poverty, and the overall regional poverty problem has basically been solved.

The quality of the “two no worries” of the poor has been significantly improved, the outstanding problems of the “three guarantees” have been solved overall, and infrastructure such as transportation, water conservancy, power, and communications have been significantly improved. More than 9.6 million poor people have been able to get rid of the poor water and soil support of one side through relocation. In the dilemma of “one person”, social undertakings such as education, health care, and culture have made great progress, and the indicators in the main areas of basic public services are close to the national average.

The development of characteristic industries in poverty-stricken areas has accelerated. Each poverty-stricken county has formed two or three leading poverty alleviation industries with distinctive characteristics and a wide range of poverty. More than 90% of the registered poor people have received industrial poverty alleviation and employment support.

At the end of this year, the battle for poverty alleviation will be won, and the poor will join the people of the whole country to enter a well-off society in an all-round way.

  The revitalization of the countryside is off to a good start.

The three-year action objectives and tasks for the improvement of rural human settlements have been basically completed, the penetration rate of rural sanitary toilets has exceeded 65%, the collection, transportation and disposal system of domestic waste covers more than 90% of administrative villages, and 95% of villages have carried out cleaning operations.

The level of rural infrastructure and public services has been significantly improved. From 2016 to 2019, 1.2 million kilometers of rural roads will be built and rebuilt, 100% of the qualified villages will have hardened roads, the coverage of optical fiber and 4G networks in administrative villages will exceed 98%, and the safety of rural drinking water will be consolidated The upgrading project is fully implemented.

The change of customs in rural areas has been accelerated, and the "Chinese Farmers Harvest Festival" has become a golden sign to promote Chinese farming culture, and the rural customs and civilization have taken on a new atmosphere.

A rural governance system that combines the rule of self-government and the rule of law has been basically established, the construction of rural grassroots organizations under the leadership of the party organization has been significantly strengthened, and the ability of rural governance has been further improved.

  Rural reforms continued to deepen.

The central government has successively promulgated important documents such as the "three-rights separation" of rural contracted land, the stable and long-term relationship of land contracting, the reform of rural homesteads, the rural collective property rights system, and the agricultural support and protection system, and the basic construction of the "four beams and eight pillars" of rural reform.

The basic rural management system has been further consolidated and perfected, the registration and certification of contracted land rights has been successfully completed, and more than 200 million farmers have received certificates of land contractual management rights.

The reform of rural land expropriation, the introduction of collectively-owned construction land into the market, and homesteads have been solidly advanced.

The clearing and capital verification of rural collective assets has basically been completed, and the reform of the shareholding cooperative system for operating assets is proceeding in an orderly manner.

The agricultural support and protection system has been gradually improved, and the green ecology-oriented agricultural subsidy system has been initially established. The adjustment and improvement of the use of land transfer income will give priority to supporting rural revitalization, innovation and improvement of rural financial and insurance services, and policy accuracy and inclusiveness have been significantly improved.

The reform of the grouping of farms and reclamation areas and the transformation of farms into enterprises has been deepened. The reform of the collective forest rights system and the comprehensive reform of supply and marketing cooperatives have been coordinated. The systemic integration of rural reforms has continued to increase.

Formulate and amend 25 laws and regulations in the agricultural and rural areas and 25 departmental rules, and complete the reform of comprehensive agricultural law enforcement in 95% of cities and 90% of counties.

Profoundly summarize the work experience of "agriculture, rural areas and farmers" and scientifically grasp the laws of agricultural and rural reform and development

  The tremendous achievements in agricultural and rural development during the 13th Five-Year Plan period are the result of the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at the core, the joint efforts of all localities and departments, and the hard work of hundreds of millions of peasants and grassroots cadres.

Looking back on the development process, the experience is precious, and it needs to be persisted in the promotion of rural revitalization and the acceleration of agricultural modernization.

  Uphold the party's overall leadership over rural work.

The key to managing rural affairs well lies in the party.

The Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core has always insisted on solving the "three rural issues" as the top priority of the whole party's work. It has issued the "Regulations on Rural Work of the Communist Party of China" to improve the party's leadership and system of rural work, and it has taken initial shape The work pattern of "Five-level secretaries grasping rural revitalization".

To do a good job in the "three rural" work in the new era, we must inherit and carry forward the party’s tradition of managing rural work, always adhere to the party’s overall leadership of rural work, and ensure that the party takes over the overall situation in rural work, coordinates all parties, and centralizes the party’s leadership. Political advantages are transformed into work advantages to ensure that the reform and development of agriculture and rural areas always advance in the right direction.

  Respect the dominant status of farmers.

To firmly establish a people-centered development concept, we must always take the protection of farmers' material interests and respect for farmers' democratic rights as the fundamental starting point and goal of the "three rural" work.

Throughout the course of rural reform and development, every major reform has focused on safeguarding the fundamental interests of farmers, respecting the pioneering spirit of farmers, and giving them the right to choose.

To do a good job in the "three rural" work in the new era, we must always follow the wishes and demands of farmers, respect the creation and choice of farmers, insist on developing for farmers, relying on farmers for development, and sharing the fruits of development by farmers, and fully mobilize farmers' initiative and creativity. Let hundreds of millions of farmers become participants, builders, and beneficiaries of rural revitalization and agricultural and rural modernization.

  Everything starts from the reality of the countryside.

The situation in the countryside is very different, and the location conditions, resource endowments, and productivity development levels of various regions vary greatly.

To do a good job in "agriculture, rural areas, and farmers" in the new era, we must always proceed from reality, scientifically grasp the rural differences and the regularity of rural development, go deep into the grassroots and the masses, deepen practical exploration and system innovation in combination with actual conditions, and promote in accordance with local conditions and classification. Achieve the right remedy, precise policy, and avoid one size fits all.

  Consolidate and improve the basic rural management system.

The basic rural management system, a two-tier management system based on household contract management and a combination of unified and decentralized management, is the cornerstone of the party's rural policy.

The Party Central Committee has always emphasized the stability of rural land contracting relations, clarified that the second round of land contracting will be extended for another 30 years after the expiration of the second round of land contracting, promoted the reform of the "three-rights separation" of contracted land, developed various forms of moderately large-scale operations, and achieved greater land resources. Scope optimization configuration.

To do a good job in "agriculture, rural areas and farmers" in the new era, we must consolidate and improve the basic rural management system, adhere to the basic status of family management, and stabilize the land contract relationship. The collective ownership of rural land must not be destroyed, and the cultivated land must not be changed. The grain production capacity has been weakened, so that the interests of farmers cannot be harmed, and the basic rural management system has given new vigor and vitality.

  Adhere to the direction of market-oriented reforms.

Market allocation of resources is the most efficient form.

We adhere to the market demand as the guide, promote the structural reform of the agricultural supply side, improve the price formation mechanism of agricultural products, deepen the reform of "decentralization, management and service", promote rural innovation and entrepreneurship, and inject new momentum into agricultural and rural development.

To do a good job of "agriculture, rural areas and farmers" in the new era, we must unswervingly follow the road of marketization, give full play to the decisive role of the market in the allocation of resources, and give better play to the role of the government.

Improve the agricultural product market system, improve the rural property rights system and market-oriented allocation of factors, strengthen agricultural support and protection, and stimulate the vitality and creativity of market entities.

  Adhere to the overall planning and integrated development of urban and rural areas.

The relationship between workers and peasants in my country is shifting towards mutual promotion and integration of urban and rural areas.

In recent years, the central government has made efforts to establish and improve the urban-rural integrated development system, mechanism and policy system, unblock the flow channels of urban and rural land, capital, talents, technology and other elements, and promote the formation of a new type of industrial-agricultural-urban-rural relationship.

To do a good job in the "three rural" work in the new era, we must put urban and rural integration development in an important position, adhere to the general policy of prioritizing the development of agriculture and rural areas, and promote the equal exchange of urban and rural elements, the balanced allocation of public resources, the interconnection of infrastructure, and the inclusive sharing of public services. Efforts should be made to narrow the gap between urban and rural areas, so that modern cities and beautiful and livable villages can work together and complement each other.

  (The author is the director of the Central Agricultural Office and the Minister of Agriculture and Rural Affairs)

  Han Changfu