Our reporter Liu Mengni

  "Visual acuity is affected by all aspects, not to say that improvement can be improved."

  "The children have been working hard enough at school, and they have been deducted points if their eyes are broken."

  "The original intention of the policy should be to urge families and schools to pay more attention to children's health."

  ...

▲On June 6, a child was undergoing a vision test.

Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Chen Zeguo

  This summer, Changzhi City, Shanxi Province will include the results of the naked eye vision and weight assessment into the overall results of the high school entrance examination, which has aroused social concern.

Some netizens questioned this move as "suspicion of genetic and economic double discrimination," while others thought it was a good guide.

  "There is not a big difference in the final scores of the candidates in these two assessments. The main reason is to play a guiding role to guide young people to consciously strengthen physical exercise, protect their eyesight, and improve their physical fitness." Facing public doubts, the relevant person in charge of the Changzhi City Education Bureau explained Say.

  Under what background did Changzhi City introduce this reform measure for the high school entrance examination?

How will it be implemented?

This reporter conducted an investigation.

  How to "test" naked eyesight into the senior high school entrance examination?

  The inclusion of naked eyesight and weight assessment into the senior high school entrance examination is part of the reform of the Changzhi high school entrance examination.

In June 2019, Changzhi City announced that starting from 2022, the city's high school entrance examination will add 50 points for comprehensive evaluation of students, of which physical fitness accounts for 20 points.

  The 20 points include a 10-point process evaluation and a 10-point result evaluation.

The process evaluation mainly examines the students' participation in various sports activities and mental health performance; the result evaluation mainly examines the students' weight and naked vision, each accounting for 5 points.

It is this part of the physical fitness evaluation that triggers social controversy.

  The difference between the highest score and the lowest score for naked eye vision is at most two points.

"We divide the naked eye vision into three levels, 4.9 or more for normal vision, 5 points, 4.6 to 4.8 for moderate myopia, 4 points, and 4.5 or less for severe myopia, 3 points." Changzhi City Education The relevant person in charge of the bureau told reporters.

  The weight is measured by the body mass index (BMI). Boys are between 15.8 and 22.8, and girls between 16 and 22.6 are normal, and score 5; boys are less than or equal to 15.7, and girls are less than or equal to 15.9, are low weight, and score 4; Boys between 22.9 and 26 and girls between 22.7 and 25.1 are considered overweight and get 4 points; boys are 26.1 or greater and girls are 25.2 or greater are obese and get 3 points.

The highest score and the lowest score are also two points apart.

  Will it cause discrimination and unfairness?

  "I think this education reform measure is well-oriented. It can urge families and schools to pay attention to children's vision problems and health earlier, but it requires meticulous supporting measures", Yang Yang, deputy director of the Department of Refraction and Low Vision, Zhongshan Eye Center, Sun Yat-sen University Professor Xiao told reporters that the causes of myopia in adolescents are firstly due to congenital genetic factors. For example, children with a family history of high myopia have a certain degree at birth, and they are already high myopia at the age of six or seven; the other is environmental factors. It is improper use of eyes, which is generally caused by the increase in school work and the decrease in outdoor activities after primary school.

  "If there are no more detailed rules to consider these children, it will be unfair. Because these children have genetic susceptibility to myopia, it is not caused by improper use of eyes." Yang Xiao said.

  Some experts pointed out that it is not only myopia, but also injuries caused by accidents or other pathological factors can also cause the naked eye to lose sight.

  In response, the person in charge of the Education Bureau of Changzhi City responded that for students with congenital myopia, parents can provide relevant certification materials for the child's hospital visits and treatment since myopia. After the school has reviewed the publicity and has no objection, they can directly get 5 points; Students who have impaired naked eyesight due to an accident can issue a diagnosis certificate through the medical department. After the school verifies that there is no objection, they can also get 5 points.

  Similarly, "For students who eat hormone-containing drugs that cause obesity, parents can provide a diagnosis certificate issued by the medical department during the medication period, and the school will get 5 points after reviewing and publicizing it without objection," the person in charge said.

  Yang Xiao suggested that there should be a certain time difference between the formulation and implementation of the measure of including vision into the senior high school entrance examination, so that everyone has sufficient time to prepare.

"Myopia is basically irreversible. For children who are already nearsighted, after knowing the news, even if they start to pay attention to protecting their eyesight, it is difficult to reach the standard."

  She said: "This education reform measure can now be proposed, but it is best to start from the age group where most children are not nearsighted, so that everyone can pay attention to it early. Before and after entering elementary school, it is a critical period to prevent myopia. We should guide everyone before entering school. Began to focus on vision problems."

  However, families whose children are far from the senior high school entrance examination often find it difficult to pay attention to relevant policies.

Li Ke's sister is currently in the third grade in a primary school in Changzhi City.

Before the reporter interviewed her, the whole family did not know that the vision test would be included in the high school entrance examination, and the teacher did not mention it.

Lu Yutao, a citizen of Changzhi City, is the mother of a three-year-old girl. She has not heard that her eyesight will be included in the high school entrance examination. "The child is too young to care about the high school entrance examination policy."

  Even if it may suffer, still agree with the education reform

  "I was quite surprised when I heard the news at first. Then I thought about it. This is also to make parents and the school pay attention." Chen Yi is the mother of a sixth-grade boy in Changzhi City. The weight will be included in the senior high school entrance examination. It was at a parent meeting in the second half of last year. This news shocked everyone because there were a lot of "little glasses" in the children's class, and it was never thought that weight would also be linked to the high school entrance examination results.

  Chen Yi told reporters that her son has a normal weight, but his eyesight is not very good. This is also the blame for not paying much attention to this problem in the past, and not paying enough attention to it when the child was young.

"In the past two years, I started reminding him to do eye exercises from time to time, and also supervised him not to read too long."

  Although the child may suffer a loss in the future high school entrance examination, Chen Yi still agrees with this education reform measure.

"In the long run, I think it's good to include the eyesight assessment in the senior high school entrance examination. It can serve as a warning and urge everyone to form a conscious awareness of protection."

  At present, in addition to supervising the children to protect their eyes, Chen Yi also regularly takes the children to do eye massages. "Even if it is not for the high school entrance examination, I also hope that the children's eyesight will be better."

  According to reports, while proposing to include the naked-eye vision assessment in the high school entrance examination, Changzhi City has also introduced various measures to protect eyesight:

  The first is to require primary and secondary schools to train all teachers in eye exercises, master standard exercises, and organize all students to do eye exercises every morning and afternoon;

  The second is to require schools to carry out no less than half an hour of large break activities in the morning and afternoon each day to ensure the class hours of sports and health courses;

  The third is to reduce the schoolwork burden of primary and secondary school students. Homework is no longer assigned to the first and second grades of elementary school. The written homework for grades three to six does not exceed 60 minutes, and the written homework for junior high school students does not exceed 90 minutes;

  The fourth is to improve the eye environment on campus and prohibit elementary and middle school students from bringing mobile phones into campus;

  Fifth, eyesight monitoring is carried out twice every semester. Schools and medical and health institutions should record the results of the monitoring into the electronic file of adolescents' vision health, and remind and educate students with abnormal vision.

  Wu Jiang is the second-year class teacher of a middle school in Changzhi City. The students in his class will be the first batch of candidates for vision included in the reform of the middle school entrance examination.

Under the guidance of this measure, school activities between classes have increased, and teachers will also urge students to watch less TV and use mobile phones in their spare time.

  In Wu Jiang’s class, more than 60% of the students are myopic. “Many of the children in the class have already wore glasses when they were in junior high school. Isn’t it a bit too late to emphasize?” Wu Jiang felt that the importance of vision should be Start smaller.

  "Everyone now knows about this education reform measure and understands the importance of eyesight, but we are in a rural area and the family conditions of students are relatively ordinary, and I have never heard of anyone who will spend money to treat myopia." Wu Jiang told reporters.

  Can the naked eye vision test "cheat"?

  Some netizens worry that students with good family financial conditions can improve their naked vision through myopia surgery, or they can wear an orthokeratology lens (OK lens) to improve their naked vision in a short period of time, but not every family can afford it. Affordable related expenses.

Will it be unfair to include eyesight in the high school entrance examination for students with different family financial conditions?

  For this view, Yang Xiao believes that there is no need to worry too much.

"There are some conditions that need to be met for myopia surgery. It depends on whether the increase in myopia in the last two years has stabilized within 50 degrees. Basically, the conditions for surgery can only be met after the age of 18. Children who have not yet passed the entrance examination are mostly under 15 years old. Generally speaking The doctor would not recommend surgery."

  Wearing OK glasses can indeed improve the naked eye vision. "For myopia from 100 degrees to 200 degrees, normal naked eye vision can be restored in a week. Myopia of 600 degrees usually takes three weeks to one month, but you must insist on wearing them every night." Yang Xiao told The reporter, "In addition, the suitability of wearing OK glasses also requires careful evaluation by doctors."

  "Experts have argued that after students wear OK glasses at night, their visual acuity will improve the next morning, and their visual acuity will gradually decrease in the afternoon," said the person in charge of the Changzhi Education Bureau. "Therefore, our naked vision test The time will be arranged randomly in the afternoon, which can effectively reduce the impact of students wearing OK glasses."

  In this regard, Yang Xiao pointed out, “Wearing OK glasses does have afternoon vision loss in the early days, but after a month, the naked eye vision can be maintained basically throughout the day. Unless it is a relatively high degree of myopia, such as 400 degrees Above."

  But this does not mean that there is no way to avoid the phenomenon of wearing OK glasses to improve the naked eye vision. "There are special instruments that can find out whether the naked eyesight is improved by wearing OK glasses, and how many degrees of myopia. For example, when pilots are admitted, they are neither allowed to perform myopia surgery nor to wear OK glasses, so there will be special machines for examination during the physical examination." Yang Xiao said.

  She believes that there is no need to stop students from wearing OK glasses, "because this is indeed an effective way to control the increase in myopia."

  As for cheating problems such as wearing contact lenses when assessing eyesight, Yang Xiao believes that it is impossible. "The doctor can find out if he wears contact lenses through a simple examination."

  There are still misunderstandings in youth vision protection

  On August 27, a survey conducted by the Ministry of Education showed that compared with the end of 2019, the rate of myopia among students increased by 11.7% in the past six months.

The severe data once again sounded the alarm for the visual health of young people.

  Although there are many controversies, the education reform measures in Changzhi City do make everyone more aware of the importance of vision protection.

At present, many schools and families still have misunderstandings about how to protect.

The reporter learned that in Changzhi, whether it is policy formulation, schools and families, eye care is an important means to protect children's eyesight.

However, Yang Xiao believes that the protective effect of eye exercises on eyesight is insignificant compared with the factors that affect the progression of myopia, such as heavy academic burden and less outdoor activities, and "only relieves eye fatigue."

  What really matters is outdoor activities. "Nowadays, many schools do not allow students to go outside between classes for safety reasons. However, if you can persist in outdoor activities for one to two hours a day, it will have a great protective effect on eyesight." Yang Xiao emphasized that there must be two keywords, "outdoor" and "daytime". If it is already dark, or if you are exercising indoors, it is not very useful.

  It is worth noting that this misunderstanding of vision protection exists throughout the country.

The rate of myopia among students has increased by 11.7% in the past six months. This may be due to the fact that most of the time during the epidemic period was staying at home, outdoor activities decreased, and the time spent using electronic products increased.

  Yang Xiao also suggested that the children’s refractive development files should be established starting from the kindergarten entrance to the kindergarten, and their eyesight should be recorded every year, so that problems can be detected in time and diagnoses.

"Furthermore, when the children who have their own refractive development files arrive at the senior high school entrance examination, the relevant institutions can directly determine whether a child's myopia is caused by genetic factors based on the early screening data."

  According to the relevant person in charge of the Changzhi Education Bureau, starting in 2019, organized by the local health department, Changzhi City will begin to monitor the eyesight of the city’s primary and secondary school students twice every semester.

At present, some schools have established electronic files for students' vision health, and the rest will be completed by the end of 2020.

(Some interviewees are pseudonyms)