Vocational education has entered a new stage of quality improvement

  Recently, the Ministry of Education, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council, the State Administration of Taxation, and the State Council’s Office of Poverty Alleviation and The member units of the joint meeting jointly issued the "Action Plan for Improving the Quality of Vocational Education (2020-2023)" (hereinafter referred to as the "Action Plan"), clarifying that vocational education should be systematically solved by accelerating system construction, deepening system and mechanism reforms, and strengthening connotation construction The problem of low attractiveness and low quality.

Through the establishment of a management mechanism of "national macro management, provincial-level overall guarantees, and schools' independent implementation", local schools are guided to shift from "how to see" to "how to do", transfer functions, improve efficiency, and stimulate the vitality of local and school reforms.

  What kind of blueprint is outlined in this document concerning the future development of vocational education?

In the next step, what is the focus of my country's vocational education development?

In response, the reporter interviewed the head of the Vocational Education and Adult Education Department of the Ministry of Education.

  Vocational education development system will be more complete

  "The "Action Plan" proposes to accelerate the modernization of the vocational education governance system and governance capabilities. In this regard, we focus on three tasks: First, improve the vocational education standard system, hierarchically categorize, and systematically establish vocational education school standards and professional standards Integrate the characteristics of vocational education to improve the degree system, improve the dynamic update of various standards and the inspection mechanism for implementation. The second is to improve the school quality supervision and evaluation mechanism, formulate vocational school quality assessment methods, establish skill spot checks, internship reports, graduation design spot checks, etc. Random inspection system. The third is to build a high-quality professional management team, improve and improve the methods of job title evaluation and assignment, strengthen the training of vocational school principals and management cadres, and create a strong political, noble moral, skilled business, and school management. Fang’s management team.” The person in charge introduced.

  The "Action Plan" proposes to give full play to the important role of vocational education in serving the lifelong learning of the whole people, promote the construction of the national qualifications framework, and establish mechanisms for the identification, accumulation and conversion of learning achievements of various types of education and training at all levels.

  "In this regard, we will focus on three tasks: First, improve the vocational education system that serves lifelong learning for all people, and accelerate the construction of a national "credit bank" for vocational education. Second, implement the statutory responsibilities of vocational schools to implement academic education and training, and support Vocational schools take on more training tasks, promote more vocational schools to participate in the implementation of the 1+X certificate system, and guide vocational schools and leading enterprises to jointly build a group of exemplary employee training bases. The third is to strengthen the continuing education function of vocational schools and implement the'career Education Service Lifelong Learning Quality Improvement Action', selected and identified a batch of exemplary continuing education bases, high-quality continuing education online courses, community education demonstration bases and senior university demonstration schools." The person in charge clearly stated.

  The "Action Plan" proposes to systematically promote the "three educations" reform of vocational education.

The person in charge further explained, "The first is to improve the quality of teachers' "double teachers", implement the new cycle "National Vocational College Teacher Quality Improvement Plan", implement a five-year round of teacher training system; reform professional teachers in vocational schools Promote and evaluate mechanisms, improve the methods for vocational schools to independently hire part-time teachers, reform and improve the performance wage policy of vocational schools, and allow professional teachers to be paid part-time in school-enterprise cooperative enterprises in accordance with national regulations. At the same time, strengthen the construction of vocational education teaching materials and implement teaching materials stratification The planning system will improve the classification review, random inspection and withdrawal system of teaching materials to promote the overall improvement of the quality of teaching materials."

  "In addition, improve the quality of vocational education majors and courses, rationally plan and guide major settings, and establish exit mechanisms; establish a public system for talent training programs in vocational schools to push curriculum teaching reforms in depth; improve learner-centered majors and curriculum teaching The evaluation system strengthens the appraisal and evaluation of internship training, encourages the teacher team to explore the modularized teaching organization method of division of labor and cooperation, and effectively improves the teaching quality of vocational education courses." The person in charge said.

  Vocational school hierarchy will be more reasonable

  The reporter noted that the "Action Plan" proposes to further clarify the positioning and development focus of vocational education at all levels, systematically design and promote the construction of a modern vocational education system with Chinese characteristics.

  "In this regard, it is necessary to strengthen the basic role of secondary vocational education, maintain a roughly equivalent ratio of high school education vocational education, optimize the layout of secondary vocational schools, and enable the vast majority of new urban and rural laborers to receive high school education. Consolidate the main body of college vocational education Position, optimize the structure of higher education, cultivate craftsmen and skilled craftsmen from big countries, and transport high-quality technical skills that are urgently needed for regional development." The person in charge said that the development of high-level vocational education is steadily developed and the development of undergraduate vocational education is the key to perfecting the modern vocational education system The first link is to cultivate high-quality innovative technical and technical talents; develop a professional degree postgraduate training model according to industry needs and industry characteristics, and appropriately expand the scale of professional degree master and doctoral training.

  The "Action Plan" proposes a school-running model that consolidates the integration of production and education in vocational education and school-enterprise cooperation.

  In this regard, the person in charge introduced the establishment of an industry talent data platform, release of industry talent demand reports, development of a pedigree diagram of vocational education production and education docking, guiding the optimization of vocational schools and professional layout, and promoting the precise connection of talent training and industry needs.

Establish and make good use of the industry vocational education teaching steering committee, fully implement modern apprenticeship and enterprise new apprenticeship, establish teacher-enterprise practice mobile stations covering major professional fields, and demonstration vocational education groups (alliances) and technical education groups that operate in actuality (Alliance), build a batch of high-level professional training bases for integration of production and education with radiation and leadership, and deepen school-enterprise cooperation and collaborative education.

  "At the same time, we must also support industry organizations to actively participate in the pilot project for the integration of industry and education, encourage local governments to carry out pilot reforms of mixed ownership and shareholding systems, promote the establishment and improvement of provincial-level industry-education-integrated enterprise certification systems, and improve the enterprise-oriented, The vocational school is an important support, and the key core technology of the industry is the central task of the industry-education integration innovation mechanism."

  Vocational education examination enrollment reform will continue to deepen

  The "Action Plan" proposes to deepen the reform of vocational education examination enrollment, guide the coordinated development of different stages of education, and rationally divert, and provide students with multiple ways of enrolling in higher vocational education.

  "In this regard, it is necessary to improve the provincial-level overall higher vocational classification examination enrollment system, improve the allocation of higher vocational education enrollment plans and examination enrollment methods, retain the channels for higher vocational school examinations to pass the general college entrance examination, and maintain the classification examination enrollment as the enrollment of higher vocational schools. The main channel. Standardize the admissions form of vocational education examinations, promote the inclusion of technical schools in the unified admissions platform of vocational education, gradually cancel the current enrollment enrollment and vocational undergraduate courses, moderately expand the vocational colleges, and strictly implement the admission requirements for top-notch talents. "The person in charge told reporters that, in addition, the "cultural quality + vocational skills" evaluation method should be improved. The score of the vocational skills test should not be less than 50% of the total score. The test format is mainly an operational test, which must be fully reflected. Job skills, general technology, etc.; support qualified provinces to establish a secondary vocational student academic level testing system, and encourage higher vocational schools and enterprises that integrate production and education to recruit students.

  The person in charge of the Vocational Education and Adult Education Department of the Ministry of Education stated that the "Action Plan" proposes to further innovate the ideological and political education model and integrate the core socialist values ​​into the whole process of talent training.

Promote the normalization and institutionalization of ideal and belief education, and accelerate the construction of an ideological system, discourse system, policy system and practice system for vocational education with Chinese characteristics.

  "At the same time, we will implement all-round education for all employees, educate and guide young students to increase their awareness of love for the party and the country, listen to and follow the party, and select and identify a group of typical schools and famous head teachers in vocational schools. Cases with characteristics of classroom and moral education.” The person in charge said that it is necessary to strengthen the curriculum construction of ideological and political, Chinese, history and ideological and political theory courses in secondary vocational schools, and open all compulsory ideological and political courses; increase full-time Ideological and political course teachers are equipped with strength, build a batch of ideological and political teacher training bases, carry out the training of key moral education managers and full-time ideological and political teachers, and select a batch of ideological and political teaching innovation teams, demonstration classrooms and curriculum ideological and political education cases. Promote innovation of ideological and political education models in vocational schools.

  (Our reporter Jin Haotian)