Upstream and downstream linkages "intercept sewage", a stream of clear water flows into the Yellow River
The Fenhe River has a new round of water control, and Shanxi has carried out law enforcement inspections for three consecutive years; the water quality of the section of Fenhe River entering Huangkou Miaoqian Village has dropped out of Grade V for a total of 17 months
The Fen River, the mother river of the Sanjin Land, is the second largest tributary of the Yellow River.
This year is the third year that Shanxi has launched a new round of Fenhe River water control.
Three years ago, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized during an inspection in Shanxi in June 2017: “We must attach great importance to the ecological and environmental protection of the Fen River, so that this mother river in Shanxi will have abundant water, better water quality, and beautiful scenery.”
A new round of Fenhe River water control was subsequently launched.
Three years have passed, is the water in the Fenhe River clear?
Is the water abundant?
Is the scenery beautiful?
From September 21st to 25th, the interview team of the China Environmental Protection Century Tour 2020 campaign started from the source of the Fen River along the Leiming Temple Spring in Guancen Mountain, Ningwu County, Shanxi, and reached the entrance of the Fen River to the Yellow River. Hong Qing water enters the Yellow River.
Creative legislation
Before the launch of the China Environmental Protection Century Tour 2020 campaign, some teachers and students of the School of Environmental Science and Engineering of Taiyuan University of Technology had just participated in the Fenhe River Walk organized by the college, and they also came to the Yellow River from the source all the way.
Professor Yuan Jin of the college said that teachers and students have a common feeling, “Many people feel that it is like visiting a park. The key projects along the route, such as the wetland park, are beautiful. Compared with before 2017, the Fenhe River has indeed changed a lot. Up."
"The sound of the rolling sculls in the middle stream is clear, and the sands are flying geese." The poetry of Zhang Yi, a poet of the Ming dynasty, described the scenery of the "Fenhe Night Crossing", one of the eight scenic spots in Kuching that year.
However, with the rapid economic and social development and rapid population growth, the Fenhe River Basin has experienced problems such as water reduction and soil erosion.
Some ancient famous springs face the danger of drying up.
Industrial sewage, over-extraction of groundwater, and large-scale coal development have overwhelmed the Fen River. In the worst case, nearly 70% of the main stream is inferior to Grade V. Taking the Ciyao River, a tributary of the Fen River, as an example, the main pollutants of the National Examination Section have exceeded the standard Up to hundreds of times.
In recent years, Shanxi has made great efforts to control the Fen River several times. However, natural runoff accounts for less than 10% of the runoff of the Fen River, and urban and rural domestic sewage and industrial enterprise wastewater account for more than 90%. The pollution discharge is large. The practical reasons for the unobvious improvement of the water quality of the Fen River.
At the same time, the lack of collaborative governance capabilities is also an important factor in the overall lack of effectiveness of the Fen River water pollution prevention and control.
What should we do with the new round of Fenhe River water control?
Yuan Jin is a member of the Standing Committee of the Shanxi Provincial People’s Congress. He remembers clearly that in 2017, the Standing Committee of the Shanxi Provincial People’s Congress reviewed and approved the "Regulations on Ecological Restoration and Protection of the Fenhe River Basin in Shanxi Province". The ecological restoration and protection plan and industrial policy, river source and spring source restoration and protection system, etc. make specific provisions.
This "Regulations" is a creative legislation. Although there are many laws and regulations on water, rivers, environment, ecology, etc., legislation for ecological restoration and protection of a complete river basin is in the forefront of the country.
One year later, in September 2018, the Shanxi Provincial Party Committee and the Provincial Government issued the "Overall Plan for Ecological Protection and Restoration of the "Seven Rivers" Basin with Fenhe River as the Key". Shanxi started a new ecological, whole basin, and systematic governance of the Fenhe River. explore.
"The construction of the basic system of river basin governance and legal guarantees are very important." Yuan Jin said that the "Regulations" and "Plans" have clearer legal requirements for the responsibilities of governments at all levels in the entire river basin, as well as for enterprises and various development activities along the line. Clearer regulations.
Pollution control first
According to Zhang Pingguo, director of the Fenhe Scenic Area Management Committee in Taiyuan City, the most urgent thing is to make the water quality better when the amount of water is abundant, the water quality is better, and the scenery is beautiful. "The biggest problem affecting the water quality of the Fenhe River is'pollution interception'. Prevent sewage from entering the river".
After the start of the new round of water control of the Fenhe River, Taiyuan took "pollution interception" as a key task and implemented six projects including urban sewage treatment, agricultural sewage treatment, advanced treatment of industrial wastewater, and sewage outlet information management.
Xu Demao, deputy director of the Taiyuan Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment, said that the sewage outfall information management has implemented a total of nearly 1,000 sewage outfalls in Taiyuan City. “From 750 sewage outfalls in 2017, to the present 428 sewage outfalls are classified and disposed of. All the sewage outlets into the river have been discharged in compliance with the standards of the plugging, the sealing, and the governance."
According to reports, after the precise "pollutant interception", at the end of June this year, the national examination section of the Fenhe River Basin completely withdrew from the sub-category V. In particular, the exit section of the National Examination Wennan Society, which was interviewed for excessive water quality, showed significant improvement in water quality. Inferior Class V improved to Class III to IV.
Zhang Jianwei, director of the Taiyuan Urban and Rural Administration Bureau, remembers that the first meeting date for the exit section of the National Examination Wennan Society was May 16. The day before, that is, May 15, the Fendong Sewage Treatment Plant began operation, "May 15 , The sewage treatment plant was commissioned to intercept the domestic sewage. The next afternoon, the water quality of the exit section of the Wennan Society of the National Examination was up to the standard."
The cities and counties along the river, such as Lingshi County, located on the side of the Fen River, have also taken the same "pollution interception" action.
"The first thing to be solved is the pollution control at the source, not allowing a drop of untreated sewage to be discharged directly into the Fen River." Lingshi County Executive Deputy County Magistrate Ji Yongli said that compared with industrial sewage treatment, the county's domestic sewage treatment has Historical "debts".
In the four years since the 13th Five-Year Plan, the accumulated financial investment has exceeded 1 billion yuan, of which the "biggest" was spent on the construction of sewage treatment plants. The county has built 2 urban sewage treatment plants and 8 township sewage treatment plants. The factory, 14 rural sewage treatment stations and 17 rural sewage collection tanks have formed a model of "households connecting to the official website and centralized sewage treatment".
Li Jianfu, director of the Lingshi Branch of the Jinzhong Municipal Ecological Environment Bureau, said that more than 1 billion yuan has been spent on water treatment for more than four years, and the effect is obvious. At present, the water quality of the urban domestic sewage treatment plant and rural domestic sewage treatment station in Lingshi County has reached surface water level V. According to the standards, the wastewater discharged from industrial enterprises meets the Class III standard for surface water. "The current water quality is stable and up to the standard, and fish can be raised, which was impossible before."
The "pollutant interception" running through the upstream and downstream has brought about a change in the water quality of the Fen River.
On September 25, at the automatic water quality monitoring station for the section of Miaoqian Village, Huangkou, the Fen River, 8 sets of online monitoring equipment detected 11 indicators such as water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, and turbidity of the Fen River in real time.
“The National Examination Section of Miaoqian Village is a mirror of the water quality of the Fen River.” Wu Xinchao, the head of the Fenhe Station of the Yuncheng Water Affairs Bureau, told the Beijing News reporter. Since April 2019, the section of the Fen River into the Huangkou Miaoqian Village The water quality has been out of the sub-category V for a total of 17 months, and a full stream of clear water is entering the Yellow River.
Change of water control thinking
During the National People's Congress this year, Li Guiqin, a representative of the National People's Congress and anchor of Shanxi Radio and Television, submitted "Proposals on Strengthening the Control of Soil Erosion in the Yellow River Basin of Shanxi Province."
She believes that the problem of soil erosion is a hard bone in the Fen River Basin and the Yellow River Basin.
For example, in the Lvliang mountainous area, due to excessive farming and resource exploitation, the forest and grass vegetation in this area have been damaged, land fertility is insufficient, and soil erosion has been serious.
In 2018, the national grain yield was 375 kg/mu, and Shanxi was 293 kg/mu, ranking 28th.
Solving the problem of soil erosion in the Fen River Basin has been listed as an important task by the cities and counties along the Fen River.
Guancen Mountain in Ningwu County, the source of the Fen River, was called "Fenyuan Spirit Marsh" in ancient times. It has the reputation of spiritual mountains and beautiful waters since ancient times, and abundant coal resources are buried underground.
Beginning in the 1970s, excessive coal mining and deforestation have caused the ecological environment at the source of the Fen River to deteriorate day by day, until the mountain is broken and the river source is dirty.
The local people once made up Duan Shun's rhetoric: "There is flood in the rainy season, and there is no running water in the dry season. Sewage flows normally."
According to incomplete statistics, there were more than 200 large and small coal mines in Ningwu, and 95% of the county's fiscal revenue was related to coal.
Yang Chaojun, chairman of the People's Congress of Dongzhai Town, Ningwu County, said that the coal industry had had a serious impact on the ecological environment of the Fenhe River. What impressed him was that the water volume had been reduced by 10% to 20%, especially during the dry season.
After the start of the new round of Fenhe River water control, Ningwu County took the "landscape, forest, field, lake, and grass life community" as a breakthrough for the Fenhe River's "net source". In 2018, it invested 45 million yuan to carry out the water and soil conservation ecology and river treatment projects at the source of the Fen River. ; In 2019, Shangma has a total investment of 804.95 million yuan in the ecological restoration and protection project of landscape, forest, field, lake and grass.
Jingle County, located in the upper reaches of the Fen River and on the eastern side of Lvliang, has the reputation of "the kidney of the Fen River".
However, due to the complex topography, low rainfall and vertical ravines, the ecological environment is very fragile.
"It turned out that when it rained, the river water turned into yellow muddy water, and the mud and sand fell down, washed down from the mountain and flowed into the Fen River." Xu Wenyu, director of Jingle County Wetland Park, recalled.
Xuan Wenxiao, deputy secretary of the Jingle County Party Committee, also said, "The soil erosion is serious, the rain will be less, the crops will not grow, the rain will be too much, and the soil will flow away."
Soil erosion also has a serious impact on water volume. The lowest water flow in Qinglugou was once only 1 to 2 cubic meters per second.
Since 2014, the Fenhechuan National Wetland Park project and the Qinglugou ecological protection and restoration project have been launched.
Jingle County hopes that through the implementation of the project, the effect of the life community of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes and grasses will be enhanced, the river water self-purification function will be improved, the water body will be deeply purified, the ecological balance of the upper reaches of the Fen River will be effectively maintained, and the pressure on ecological safety protection in the middle and upper reaches of the Fen River and the Yellow River will be reduced.
At present, the Fenhechuan National Wetland Park project has restored 2,000 mu of wetland vegetation.
There are 8 villages in Qinglugou, and the barren hills in 8 villages are all afforested and greened. After the relocation of the whole village in 6 villages, all cultivated land is converted to forests, and the forest coverage rate has increased from 3.5% to more than 50%.
Xu Wenyu said that with the progress of the construction of Fenhechuan National Wetland Park, the ecological environment has changed significantly. The water quality of the section bordering Jingle County and Ningwu County has been improved from the original surface level III to surface level II; this year's water flow It has reached 29.6 cubic meters per second, an increase of 3 cubic meters per second from last year.
The inspection data of the cross-section of the Fenhe River into the Huangkou Miaoqian Village also shows that the “landscape, forest, field, lake and grass life community” promoted across the Fenhe River has enriched the water volume of the Fenhe River. “Before 2017, sometimes there will be no water and no water. 2017 Since the beginning of the year, the water volume has remained above 15 cubic meters per second, especially this year, when the water volume has reached 27 cubic meters per second, we are very satisfied.” Wu Xinchao said.
The more intuitive change is the scenery along the Fenhe River.
Xu Wenyu said that Fenhechuan National Wetland Park has aimed at the positioning of "Taiyuan Back Garden" and developed ecological leisure tourism. "The Wetland Park has now become a bird paradise. It turned out that the swan is just a legend for Jingle County. February 9 this year On Sunday, the white swan flew to the wetland park and stayed for a month."
Zhang Guowei, deputy magistrate of Ningwu County, believes that the “landscape, forest, field, lake, and grass life community” that has been promoted since 2017 means a change in the thinking about water management in the Fen River.
"The original emphasis on large projects and large constructions was mainly human intervention, such as simple afforestation. Now the emphasis is on the'landscape, forest, field, lake and grass life community', which adopts a form that is close to nature and promotes the harmonious coexistence of man and nature. , What is suitable for what to do, grass is suitable for grass, irrigation is suitable for irrigation, and forest is suitable for forest." He said that in the new round of Fenhe River improvement process, Ningwu County will consider many details, every mountain and every mountain. How to build ditch and each river course?
How to coordinate the relationship between man and nature?
How is biodiversity reflected?
For example, in river courses, the original dams are mostly made of hard dams built with cement and stones, which have a prominent effect on flood control, but hard dams can easily isolate aquatic organisms from terrestrial organisms and cut the connection between organisms.
Therefore, ecological dams with "additional" biological blankets were replaced. There were also landscape pavements. Originally, colored pavements were mostly used. However, the study found that the brightly colored pavement blocked the animals. The animals would be afraid and dare not to cross. Therefore, the current The landscape pavement uses asphalt pavement.
"On the surface, the asphalt pavement is not as beautiful as the colored pavement, but this change is conducive to biodiversity." Zhang Guowei said, bridges, culverts and highways are now also specially designed, and channels similar to "dog holes" are dug. "This is not Designed specifically for dogs, but to leave a way for biological migration."
Now planting trees and afforestation is different from the past, and will consider animal recipes.
"Ningwu County is an important habitat for brown horse chickens in Shanxi Province. Therefore, in the process of afforestation, we will consider what brown horse chickens eat. Ningwu County is also an active area for leopards. Leopards eat hares and pheasants, but also hare and pheasants. What to eat."
The "balance point" between environment and economy
Ningwu County and Jingle County were once deeply impoverished counties in Shanxi, and also key counties for national poverty alleviation and development.
Although poverty has been lifted off, the overall planning of ecological protection and poverty alleviation is still a topic facing local development.
Ningwu County has shut down and banned 511 enterprises of various types within 3 kilometers on both sides of the main stream of the Fen River, integrated 17 large and medium-sized coal mines, and all key protected areas withdrew from mining resources such as coal.
This has affected the economic development of Ningwu, which used coal as its pillar industry.
Zhang Guowei said that a good ecological environment has created local characteristic industries, and the local optimized and transformed seabuckthorn forests will drive related industries and supply them to Beijing catering chain companies.
Relying on aquaculture and planting industry to achieve poverty alleviation.
Xuan Wenxiao said that in the poverty alleviation project in Jingle County, ecological poverty alleviation has played an important role. Through the implementation of returning farmland to forests, a batch of poverty alleviation, a batch of ecological governance, a batch of ecological management and protection, and a batch of economic forests have speeded up and increased efficiency. The county’s ecological poverty alleviation has benefited a total of 15,635 poor people. Nearly one-third of the county’s poor people have increased their income through ecological construction.
In the future, it is planned to set up special tourism cooperatives in the village to turn farmers into waiters and small bosses in the tourism industry.
Villager Li Quanquan is a member of the ecological management and protection of poverty alleviation.
Before, his source of income was farming.
After the completion of the Fenhechuan National Wetland Park, he and 30 impoverished households in Jingle County became wetland rangers, patrolling the forest on a battery bike every day, adding more than 10,000 yuan to the family's annual income.
He said that his income is expected to increase in the future. After returning farmland to forests, his original land has been planted with sea-buckthorn, apricot and peach trees. The fruiting period has not yet arrived.
Lingshi County is one of the top ten counties in Shanxi's county economy, but its pillar industries are traditional industries with high energy consumption such as coal, coke, aluminum and electricity.
Ji Yongli said frankly that the industrial structure determines that Lingshi County is facing tremendous environmental pressure. "The inherent conditions are such that it shows that if others use 10 points, we must use 100 points to achieve results."
In recent years, Lingshi County has also been committed to transformation and development and the development of new industries.
"While developing new industries, traditional industries must also be innovated. Although they are traditional industries, they must also use modern equipment and modern management." She said that now more and more stringent requirements are placed on corporate emissions, with ultra-low emissions. Industrial power consumption continues to increase, and the power consumption of large industries increased by 20% last year compared to the previous year. But for this increase, have all the increase in enterprises expanded production? No, part of it is used for environmental protection , Increase environmental protection facilities, so that emissions can reach the best standards."
She believes that the coordinated development of economy and environment is actually whether the three major supports can be supported.
"The first support, the support of understanding, and the promotion of national environmental protection awareness, do not only rely on administrative promotion; the second support is financial support; the third support is technical support. I am not afraid of hard work, and I am not afraid of capital investment. The most fearful thing is to find out the cause, such as the cause of air pollution, what is the cause of ozone?"
Li Jianfu also said, “In the case of Lingshi, the investment in environmental protection has been very large at the county level in Shanxi in the past two years. The investment in water pollution prevention and control is 1 billion yuan, the air investment is 1 billion yuan, and the industrial enterprises invested 5 billion yuan, but it did not affect the economy. Development, fiscal revenue and tax revenue have risen steadily."
"Economy and environment are mutually reinforcing." Li Jianfu, for example, said that the Lingshi County Coal "Transfer to Railway" (road to railway) project started since 2018. "Coal transportation was originally open and open. 'After the implementation of the project, the platform was completely closed to curb dust and other pollution problems. Therefore, enterprises can produce at full capacity and the economy and the environment complement each other.'
Three consecutive years of law enforcement inspections
Since 2018, as a member of the Standing Committee of the Shanxi Provincial People's Congress, Yuan Jin has been doing one thing every year-participating in the law enforcement inspection of the Regulations on Ecological Restoration and Protection of the Fen River Basin in Shanxi Province.
He remembered that after the "Regulations" were reviewed and passed in 2017, in 2018, the Standing Committee of the Shanxi Provincial People's Congress launched a three-year continuous law enforcement inspection plan, determining one or two themes each year, and taking the problems discovered in the previous year as the focus of the next year's inspection. , To promote the completion of hard targets and hard tasks of Fenhe River governance.
In fact, at the beginning of the formulation of the "Regulations" law enforcement inspection work, there were different voices. Some people suggested, "The "Regulations" has just been implemented for a year, and the relevant systems and mechanisms have not been established. The construction of various projects has been started one after another. The effect of the system has not yet appeared. Is it too early to carry out law enforcement inspections at this time?"
In this regard, the Standing Committee of the Shanxi Provincial People's Congress believes that the Fenhe River ecological protection work cannot be delayed after the legislation.
Guo Yingguang, deputy director of the Standing Committee of the Shanxi Provincial People’s Congress, once said, “If the Fen River is not rich in water, the water quality is not good every day, and the scenery is not beautiful every day, no soldiers will be recruited.”
In the process of law enforcement inspections, symposiums are often held to "examine" the problems found.
In April 2018, at a symposium held in Linfen, Gao Weidong, deputy director of the Standing Committee of the Shanxi Provincial People’s Congress, who led the inspection, said that the "black and smelly water" seen in the flood channel of the main stream of the Fen River was "one side is for The beautiful environment along the river wetland park built to beautify the urban landscape, on one side is the smell of the main stream of the Fen River, and the sewage is surging. This scene is very uncomfortable!"
Driven by the Standing Committee of the Provincial People's Congress, the people's congresses of cities and counties along the Fenhe River also took action.
On July 15 and 16 this year, the law enforcement inspection team led by Feng Yuanping, deputy director of the Standing Committee of the Taiyuan Municipal People’s Congress, went to Jinyuan District, Gujiao City, and Qingxu County of Taiyuan City to carry out law enforcement on the implementation of the Regulations. an examination.
The inspection team affirmed the results, and at the same time put forward rectification requirements on issues such as the existing rain and sewage diversion is not thorough enough, the water quality is not stable enough, and some rural domestic sewage treatment is not standardized enough.
The relevant person in charge of the Standing Committee of the Shanxi Provincial People’s Congress said that the three consecutive years of law enforcement inspections have effectively promoted pollution prevention, the implementation of the river and lake long system, and the protection of water sources, especially the river and lake long system. As of 2020, Fenhe River There are 6,398 river chiefs at all levels in the region, and the system of river chiefs is being promoted from "famous" to "practical."
The Beijing News chief reporter Wang Shu
Picture/Picture provided by interviewee