The promotion rate continues to expand, and the number of "double non-schools" is difficult to find——

　　Did the exemption students steal the "cheese" of the graduate entrance examination students

　　As a "double first" for university professional achievement and exemption test, Lin Yueyi, a senior at Nankai University, will "without any suspense" win the university's qualification for exemption.

The application materials of Peking University, Xiamen University, University of Science and Technology of China, and JIU University are arranged in order in her computer folder.

　　The promotion of exemption from undergraduate research means that a small number of outstanding undergraduate graduates are recommended to be exempted from examinations as master graduates.

　　In September, the promotion and exemption of graduate students in various universities started.

On October 8, the national exemption system was officially opened, and exempt students can register and fill in information to track admissions.

　　At present, the number of postgraduate entrance examinations continues to rise, reaching 3.41 million in 2020.

As another important channel for the selection of graduate students, the proportion of exemption from universities is increasing.

Faced with a surge in graduate entrance examination students, have the exemption students robbed them of their "cheese"?

Which system is more conducive to the improvement of the quality of graduate education?

　The proportion of waivers has generally increased, and the waived students "win at the starting line"

　　The most eye-catching feature of this exemption season is the news that the School of Journalism of Renmin University of China announced: 2021 full-time students will only be admitted to exempt students, and only part-time candidates will be admitted during the unified examination stage.

　　This means that postgraduate candidates will not be eligible for a full-time degree from this top domestic journalism school.

This "magnification" is not a sudden attack.

In recent years, some colleges and universities have gradually increased the enrollment ratio of exempted students in some majors, and it is not uncommon to see only exempted students.

　　In 2020, some colleges of Nanjing University enrolled more than 60% of the number of exemptions; Peking University's theoretical physics and other majors only recruit exempted students; Lanzhou University has doubled the number of exempted students from 2015.

Starting in 2015, the Ministry of Education implemented the reform of exempting students and enrolling students. Since then, the number of exemption programs for colleges and universities has soared to "rob" high-quality students.

　　Graduate entrance examination student Deng Ran "does not care" about these topics. For her, "want to get the qualification for exemption, there are many difficulties."

　　Deng Ran comes from a "double non-school" (non-first-class university, non-first-class discipline construction) in Jiangxi.

"Studying liberal arts in a science and engineering school is a disadvantage among the weak."

In her college of liberal arts, the qualification for exemption is "more precious than gold"-news majors have only one qualification for exemption each year, and students in journalism and broadcasting classes take turns.

　　As usual, the college’s qualification for exemption this year is in the broadcast class.

Deng Ran laughed at himself, "You can immerse yourself in review and participate in the December graduate student exam."

From March to review, Deng Ran spent most of his time in the study room.

Even during the summer vacation, I basically never left school.

　　From Deng Ran, the reporter saw some basic characteristics of the postgraduate entrance examination group-"fighting again" after failing the college entrance examination, looking forward to improving the core competitiveness of employment... They had to squeeze into the postgraduate entrance examination.

　　In 2020, the number of postgraduate entrance examinations exceeded 3 million for the first time, reaching 3.41 million.

Despite the expansion of 189,000 graduate students, more than 2 million people still failed the exam and were rejected by graduate education.

However, some people got the admission ticket ahead of time because of the waiver, "winning at the starting line."

　　"Credit grade point is 3.57", Chen Yi, a senior at Tsinghua University, admitted, "This grade is not high, and about half of the students in the class are going to fill in the waiver system." She provided the reporter with a stamp with the official seal of the department. According to the "Reduction Method", the top 80% is required for Zhishuo and Extrapolation.

　　"There is only one hard and fast rule, and other constraints can be ignored. Most students can be eligible for exemption. The difference lies in internalization and extrapolation." Chen Yi said.

　　At present, various schools have used credit grade points for the qualifications of postgraduate entrance examination and exemption, and some have put forward the top 25% or even 10% of the professional ranking.

　　Lin Yueyi told reporters that the credit grade points reflect the results of the entire university in the first three years, and the grade points must be within a certain range to be eligible for shortlisting.

"Then I have to keep writing exams and interviews, which is not easy compared to postgraduates." Before that, she had participated in summer camps with the nature of pre-admission exemption, "more than ten."

Most of the exempted students come from "Double First Class", and the school level is the decisive factor

　　No one can deny that the level of undergraduate colleges and universities determines the advantages of students on the track of promotion.

　　As of 2020, my country has 2,740 regular colleges and universities, and only 366 colleges and universities are eligible for exemption.

Some experts pointed out that the number of two institutions eligible for exemption is almost zero.

　　At the specific implementation level of the exemption policy, even students who are also eligible for exemption may face different "treatments" due to their different "begins" in undergraduate institutions.

Zhang Lin, a professor at the School of Information Management of Wuhan University, found that in the re-examination of the postgraduate entrance examination, the examiner is still used to looking at the candidates' "begins" and "very much cares about the candidates' undergraduate level."

　　"In this way, when students pass the college entrance examination and enter colleges and universities, they are doomed to the possibility of their master's exemption, and the effect of intergenerational inequity in education still exists."

Zhang Lin said.

　　"After obtaining the qualification for exemption, the probability of students entering a prestigious school will be much higher than that of the unified candidate. At the same time, the exemption is not competing with the unified exam, but two different channels to obtain graduate admission qualification." In Zhang Lin's view, this It is the crux of the question of avoiding students.

　　In addition, the reporter's investigation found that currently, 137 "double first-class" construction universities not only have the vast majority of exempted places, but are also the main source of exempted students from major universities.

　　In 2019, Peking University accepted a total of 2174 recommended exam-free master's students, of which 2061 were from "double first-class" construction universities, accounting for 94.8%.

The proportion of Sun Yat-sen University also reached 91%.

　　In 2013, the Ministry of Education issued the "Notice on Further Strengthening the Recommendation of Outstanding Undergraduate Graduates Exempting Examination for Studying Postgraduates", requiring that the number of recruits and exempted students should not exceed 50% of the unit’s postgraduate enrollment plan, and all majors must stay A certain proportion of enrollment plan is used to recruit candidates for the unified examination.

　　"The proportion of exempted students in the total enrollment of the school cannot exceed 50%. This is a regulation of the Ministry of Education. But this does not mean that all majors and types of postgraduate enrollment follow this red line, as long as the total amount meets the requirements That’s all. In other words, it’s possible that relatively unpopular majors and professional degrees will have a larger proportion of the recruitment of unified candidates.” said Wang Chuanyi, associate professor of the Institute of Education of Tsinghua University. Judging from the enrollment of full-time postgraduates in recent years, more and more The proportion of exempted students from many prestigious schools is gradually approaching 50%.

The increase in the number of exemption students has squeezed the admission opportunities of postgraduates?

　　The head of a 211 university graduate school in Wuhan told reporters that the number of exempted students from the school in 2020 has increased compared with 2019, accounting for 12.6% of the total number of admissions.

"Our school has a low admission rate of exempted students, and there is no problem of squeezing the index. But some 985 colleges and universities may have 50%, which will squeeze the index for graduate entrance examinations."

　　In this regard, Chen Zhiwen, a member of the expert group of the National Education Examination Steering Committee, held different opinions. “Although the total number of exempted students continues to grow, the actual proportion of total enrollment is declining." He introduced that in recent years, the exemption ratio has basically remained at Between 12% and 14%.

In the past few years, this proportion has reached a maximum of about 15%.

No matter in terms of proportion or total enrollment, there is no such thing as squeezing opportunities for postgraduate entrance examinations.

　　Because of the lack of official data, the reporter could not confirm this statement.

　Who is the higher quality, the individual perception is obviously different, and the authoritative answer

　　When the increasing proportion of exemption appears as a policy orientation, people can't help but ask, which is higher quality of exemption students or postgraduate entrance exams?

Which system is more conducive to improving the quality of graduate education?

　　The "2019 National Postgraduate Admissions Survey Report" disclosed that more than 90% of admissions units believe that the quality of exempted students is generally higher than that of unified candidates, and more than 60% of admissions units believe that the exemption policy is fairer for candidates.

The "Report" comes from China Education Online, and its survey sample size has not been released.

　　However, in the reporter's survey, professors from different regions, schools, and majors have reached completely contradictory conclusions regarding the quality of graduate students.

When answering the question of which quality is higher, some people choose to exempt students, while others answer the postgraduate entrance examination.

For this question, obviously, the differences in the individual perceptions of teachers are very obvious.

　　The reporter tried to inquire authoritative data from the education department in order to establish a certain connection between the quality of postgraduates and the exempted students and postgraduates.

Up to now, since the education department has never published the overall enrollment data and quality tracking report of exempted students, it is impossible to confirm whether the statement of "higher quality of exempted students" applies in a larger scope.

　　Since 2012, the "Degrees and Graduate Education" sponsored by the Academic Degrees Committee of the State Council has carried out a satisfaction survey of graduate students nationwide every year.

The reporter got a survey result for 2020, the survey sample number exceeds 100,000.

The survey showed that among the essays published as the first author or corresponding author of the third study, the publicly recruited candidates published 1 academic paper, and the exempted students published 1.69 academic papers.

If it is limited to SCI/SSCI/EI papers, the publicly recruited candidates will publish 0.35 per capita, and the exempted candidates will publish 0.99 per capita.

　　"Publishing a paper is only one aspect of considering the quality of graduate students, but to a certain extent it reflects the ability and willingness of students in the field of research. In this sense, the quality of exempted students is better." Wang Chuanyi gave such a judgment.

He explained that exemption is a "pinch to the top" system. Only the top-ranked students can be eligible for exemption. In addition to studying academic performance, the overall quality of students is more important.

Therefore, on average, the exempted students have a significant advantage over the unified candidates.

　　Wang Chuanyi reminded: "It must be noted that there are very good candidates in the postgraduate entrance examination, and there are also not good candidates in the exemption group. If, for undergraduates with the same academic potential and ability level, whether they are exempted Qualifications, leading to different probability of graduate school, to a certain extent violates fairness."

　　If, like the college entrance examination, the admission of graduate students is based solely on scores, it will not solve the problem.

"The enrollment logic of graduate students is not the same as the enrollment logic of undergraduates." According to Chen Zhiwen's explanation, from a certain perspective, the goal of postgraduate training is scientific researchers, and those with research ability and willingness should be selected.

　　"Due to various reasons, colleges and universities have been seriously stratified. In the process of postgraduate exemption, it is reasonable that the corresponding exemption ratio is different from the number of people." Chen Zhiwen said frankly whether all schools should be given exemption qualifications, or according to the level, certain These schools have more qualifications for exemption, which are worthy of study and discussion, "but the prerequisite is to make the exemption cake bigger and promote the exemption system on a larger scale."

　　"The improvement of the exemption system is a systematic project." Wang Chuanyi suggested that under the conditions of established quality standards, more colleges and universities have the right to exempt and exempt places; strictly observe the exemption ratio of admitted universities and pay close attention to them. The difference in the exemption ratios between different majors and types ensures that all majors can leave opportunities for the unified test takers; combine the exemption retest with the unified test retest. "The exemption is the initial test rather than the retest. The'ordinary products' are also subject to the final inspection by the admission unit."

　　(At the request of the interviewee, part of this article uses a pseudonym)

　　(Reporter Chen Peng)