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The Ministry of Equality has presented the

Macro-survey on Violence against Women 2019

, the most statistically complete and most relevant report carried out in Spain on this type of violence.

The data provided by the department headed by Irene Montero show that one in two women (57.3%) declares that they have suffered violence because they are a woman, representing 11,688,411 women aged 16 or over.

This figure includes all the violence measured in the survey, from a lewd look to a rape.

One of the novelties introduced in this edition - the macro report is produced every four years - is that sexual harassment and

stalking

are measured for the first time in Spain

, for which specific questions have been introduced in this regard.

The study was carried out on the basis of 9,568 face-to-face interviews with women representative of the female population aged 16 or over living in

Spain

.

Specifically, the breakdown of the data shows that 21.5% of women have suffered physical violence throughout their lives (4,387,480 women);

13.7% have been victims of sexual violence (2,802,914 women) and 40.4% have declared having suffered sexual harassment (8,240,537 women).

This last section is the one with the highest volume, with data such as that three out of four women over 16 years of age (75.2%) affirm that sexual harassment has occurred more than once.

Of the total number of women aged 16 or over residing in Spain, 15.2% (3,095,357) have suffered

stalking

at some point in their lives.

Of these, 47.2% report having suffered obscene, threatening, annoying or silent telephone calls, and 40.6% have followed or spied on them.

In this report, the types of violence measured are: current partner violence and past partner violence (physical, sexual, psychological: controlling behaviors and emotional or economic violence);

violence outside the couple (physical, sexual);

sexual harassment and

stalking

.

What is sexual harassment

The Ministry of Equality, when establishing the methodology for this report, includes in the category of sexual harassment "a series of unwanted behaviors with a sexual connotation" such as insistent or lewd looks;

unwanted physical contact;

exhibitionism;

sending sexually explicit images or photos that have made the woman feel offended, humiliated, or intimidated;

sexual jokes or offensive comments about your body or private life;

Inappropriate, humiliating, intimidating, or offensive advances on social media;

or inappropriate emails, WhatsApp messages, or sexually explicit text messages that have made you feel offended, humiliated, or intimidated, among other things.

"The data reveal that the violence suffered by women is not episodic, but structural violence. They are not violent episodes, they are violent relationships or repeated violence produced mainly by close men, which includes sexual violence outside the couple", Minister

Irene Montero

has stated

in the presentation of the report.

"It is a structural and hidden problem. We know only the tip of the iceberg. There is a structural violence that is not contemplated in the figures", reflected the Government Delegate against Gender Violence,

Victoria Rosell.

Both Montero and Rosell have wanted to emphasize "the daily violence that women experience."

From the Ministry they state that the data from this macro-survey "must serve to give them visibility and to develop public policies aimed at their eradication."

Only 8% report

If worrisome is the number of women who have suffered violence because they are a woman, it is even more so, if possible, that only 8% of those who have suffered sexual violence outside of the couple have reported any of these attacks to the

Police

, the

Civil Guard

or the

Court

.

This percentage rises to 11.1% if the complaints filed by another person or institution are also taken into account.

A tiny percentage, which challenges both society and institutions.

40% of women victims of rape report that they did not report due to "shame";

36.5% cite the fear of not being believed and 23.5% the fear of the aggressor.

As for those who have suffered sexual violence outside of the couple, the most cited reason is that "I was younger, I was a girl", which is mentioned by 35.4% of women.

They are followed by not giving importance to what happened (30.5%), shame (25.9%), that the aggression happened "in other times when these things were not discussed" (22.1%) and the fear of not being believed (20.8%).

"It is a hidden violence, not sufficiently attended and reported," Montero admitted.

"It is unacceptable as a country that victims do not report because they are convinced that they will not be believed."

"The low rates of complaint challenge us to our institutional and social responsibility. It is lethal to speak of false complaints," concluded the

Government Delegate for Gender Violence.

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Know more

  • Spain

  • Irene Montero

  • Civil Guard

  • Victoria Rosell

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