Cut off the route of transmission and cultivate awareness of early screening
Don't drag hepatitis into liver cancer (Health Express (stop 31))
Our reporter Yu Jingying
Every year, "World Hepatitis Day" reminds people to pay more attention to this industrious organ. This year's theme is "Proactive prevention, active detection, standardized treatment, and comprehensive control of hepatitis hazards", which aims to call on everyone to actively vaccinate and take active physical examinations to understand Due to their own health conditions, the infected people receive standardized antiviral treatment in a timely manner to comprehensively curb the threat of viral hepatitis to human health. Then, as a common disease, viral hepatitis is how to correctly understand it? How to deal with it?
All school-age children can receive free hepatitis B vaccine
Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver caused by viruses, bacteria, parasites, chemical poisons, alcohol, autoimmune diseases and other factors. Common viral hepatitis includes hepatitis A, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, hepatitis D, and hepatitis E.
According to Wen Jun, deputy chief physician of the Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Chengdu Third People’s Hospital, hepatitis virus is the main causative factor of hepatitis. Among them, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and hepatitis D can be transmitted through blood, saliva, emulsion, etc., and hepatitis B and hepatitis C can be transformed For chronic hepatitis, causing liver cirrhosis and even liver cancer, it is necessary to focus on prevention and control.
Recently, the West China Fourth Hospital of Sichuan University launched a liver disease screening test for the public. People who came to the test wear masks to conduct free liver disease screening in an orderly manner.
The "China Maternal and Child Health Development Report (2019)" shows that China provides free AIDS, syphilis, and hepatitis B screening for pregnant women across the country, and provides comprehensive intervention services to prevent mother-to-child transmission for all pregnant women and their babies found to be infected. In recent years, the detection rate of maternal AIDS, syphilis and hepatitis B has stabilized at more than 99%, and the injection rate of hepatitis B immunoglobulin for babies born to pregnant women with hepatitis B infection has reached 99.7%, effectively avoiding and reducing new infant infections.
Vaccination of hepatitis B vaccine is the safest and most effective measure to prevent hepatitis B. In recent years, my country has made certain progress in the prevention and control of viral hepatitis, especially the overall vaccination of hepatitis B vaccine, neonatal vaccination, and the introduction of advanced hepatitis C treatment new drugs. At present, all school-age children can receive hepatitis B vaccine for free. In order to effectively stop mother-to-child transmission, children should be vaccinated against hepatitis B.
"Since the hepatitis B vaccine was included in the planned immunization program, my country, as a former'hepatitis B country', has gradually reduced the incidence rate, and the hepatitis B virus carrying rate of children under 5 years old is controlled within 1%." Wang Wang, deputy director of the Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital Yan said.
Experts say that in recent years, the emergence of powerful antiviral drugs has effectively suppressed the hepatitis virus and played a good role in the control of hepatitis.
The treatment of hepatitis C has entered the "full cure era"
According to statistics, one third of the 240 million chronic hepatitis B virus infections in the world are in China, and there are also 7.6 million hepatitis C patients. Together, hepatitis B and C are the most common cause of death in patients with liver disease, and 1.4 million people lose their lives every year.
The National Health and Health Commission released the National Statutory Infectious Diseases Epidemic Situation in 2019, which shows that viral hepatitis is the most reported type B infectious disease in my country, of which the cumulative number of hepatitis B and C in 2019 is about 122 Ten thousand cases, accounting for more than 95% of reported cases of viral hepatitis.
Like hepatitis B, hepatitis C is a "silent killer", the disease progresses slowly, and the patient has almost no discomfort in the early stage. When symptoms appear, many patients have cirrhosis or even liver cancer, and they have missed the best time for treatment.
"About 18% of hepatitis C infections in my country are diagnosed in time, and about 25% of hepatitis C patients need treatment, but only about 1.3% of patients actually received treatment." Wen Jun said.
"With the emergence of small-molecule direct antiviral drugs, the treatment of hepatitis C has entered a'full cure era'." Experts said that the current drug treatment for hepatitis C has a good effect. The previous treatment of hepatitis C drugs cost hundreds of thousands of yuan. Now a course of treatment only costs less than 50,000 yuan, and it is included in the scope of medical insurance reimbursement, which greatly improves the availability of drugs. Although there is no vaccine for hepatitis C, as long as regular medication is used, more than 98% of patients can be cured.
However, the public's awareness of hepatitis C is much lower than that of hepatitis B, and they lack the awareness of autonomous screening. The onset of hepatitis C is insidious, and many patients feel that it is not painful or itchy, and think that treatment can be left off first, which often causes the disease to be delayed to a stage that is difficult to reverse.
Experts recommend that hepatitis C screening should be strengthened and hepatitis screening should be included in routine physical examinations. Hepatitis prevention and control is a systematic project that requires continuous efforts from all walks of life.
It’s not that you can “get it right once and for all” after being vaccinated
In addition to blood transfusion, hepatitis C infection can be infected by many other methods, such as tattoos, eyebrows, unhygienic cleaning of teeth, and ear piercing.
Therefore, experts suggest that the following high-risk groups should be aware of active screening and go to the hospital for hepatitis C antibody and viral nucleic acid tests as soon as possible: patients who have undergone surgery or blood transfusion, people who have pierced ears or have eyebrows or tattoos, Infants born to mothers infected with hepatitis C virus, patients who have undergone invasive examinations such as gastrointestinal endoscopy.
Cutting off the transmission route is an effective way to deal with hepatitis. Experts remind that blood transmission, mother-to-child transmission, and sexual transmission are the common transmission methods of hepatitis B and C viruses. We must pay attention to cutting off the transmission route and prevent it effectively.
Ge Yongsheng, director of liver surgery at the First Affiliated Hospital of the University of Science and Technology of China and Anhui Provincial Hospital, said that 90% of liver cancer patients have a history of hepatitis B, and persistent hepatitis B virus infection is one of the main causes of liver cancer. Therefore, people who suffer from liver disease and those over the age of 40 should have regular physical examinations. If they find that they are unwell, they should go to a regular hospital for examination in time for early diagnosis and treatment.
Experts said that we should pay attention to the early screening of liver cancer, and the cure rate of early liver cancer can reach more than 80%.
At the same time, the hepatitis B vaccine cannot be "one and for all" after injection. After the adult is injected with hepatitis B vaccine, because each person's antibody lasts for a different time, the immune function of individuals varies greatly. For people who may be in close contact with hepatitis B virus carriers, it is recommended to check whether antibodies have decayed every three to five years.
These behaviors hurt the liver (link)
An unhealthy lifestyle is an important cause of hepatitis. The common alcoholic hepatitis and steatohepatitis are related to alcoholism, unreasonable diet, insufficient exercise, obesity, diabetes and other factors.
Therefore, to prevent hepatitis, we must start with a healthy lifestyle, adjust diet, match meat and vegetables, control fat intake, reduce smoking and drinking, stay up late, and work regularly. Preventing steatohepatitis also requires scientific exercise, so that excess fat in the body can be consumed. In addition, it is necessary to go to the hospital for liver examinations on a regular basis, so that problems can be detected and treated early.