What have you experienced since the first anniversary of the implementation of garbage classification in Shanghai from the external force to the inner approval?
The current situation of the Shanghai community one year after garbage classification
Over the past two decades, various forms of waste sorting trials have been vigorously carried out across the country. On July 1, 2019, the "Regulations of Shanghai Municipality on the Management of Domestic Waste" was formally implemented. In the first month of the launch of this garbage classification legislation, which was judged to be the "strictest in history", "News Investigation" went to Shanghai to produce and broadcast "Shanghai Garbage War."
This year, on the first anniversary of the implementation of the garbage classification in Shanghai according to law, "News Investigation" came to Shanghai again. In this super huge city with more than 24 million permanent residents, what has happened to the garbage sorting here in the past year?
We will focus our attention on Hongmei Street in Xuhui District, downtown Shanghai, and select three representative communities for observation.
Huayue Home is the largest living community in Hongmei Street, with 3002 households in the first phase. Because of its convenient transportation, it is close to the Caohejing High-tech Development Zone, and it is also surrounded by many entrepreneurial parks, which are deeply loved by young people working in the surrounding area.
Huayue Homeland has 28 residential buildings and currently has four garbage dumping points. During the peak hours of work, we specially placed cameras at two of the points to try to record the real situation of everyone throwing garbage.
According to the records of our two cameras, within one and a half hours of throwing garbage in Huayue Homeland during the morning rush hour, there were 45 illegal dumping of garbage at the two garbage sites. Almost all of these illegal dumping of garbage were young people.
Not only that, the reporter observed by the trash can that most of the trash thrown by young people was takeaway and express delivery. Not only was it large in size, it was also difficult for volunteers to visually recognize the classification situation at the moment of throwing it.
On July 1, 2019, at the beginning of the implementation of garbage sorting, Huayue Homes had a total of 300 trash cans in rotation every day, 28 cleaners kept clearing them, and 64 volunteers twice in the morning and evening, 6 per day Hourly watch by the trash can, barely guaranteeing the purity of the front-end trash.
Even so, Hongmei Sub-district evaluated the 22 communities in its jurisdiction in terms of garbage classification, and Huayue Homes has been ranked first from the bottom for six months.
Not far from Huayue’s home is Huigong New Village, which belongs to Hongmei Street, where the garbage wing in the morning presents another scene.
There are only 184 households in Huigong New Village, which is a small community with the smallest number of households in Hongmei Street, and more than 80% of them are senior citizens. This small community has a total of 28 three-storey small buildings. This is the only garbage disposal site in the community, and it is open twice a day in the morning and evening. Even in heavy rain, everyone can throw out the garbage in an orderly manner on time.
In 2016, three years before the introduction of the "Regulations on the Management of Domestic Waste in Shanghai", the Shanghai Municipal Green Capacity Bureau gradually began a pilot project of waste classification in three different types of residential communities in Changning and Xuhui. One of the first pilot communities.
After nearly four years of persistence, the residents of Huigong New Village no longer need volunteer guidance, and the purity of garbage ranks first in Hongmei Street.
The Hangtian Xinyuan, which is 1.8 kilometers away from Huigong New Village, has been implementing waste classification for one year, and with the same excellent classification results, this community has started a further exploration of waste classification.
Hangtianxinyuan is a medium-sized community with 550 residents. It was the second batch of pilot communities for garbage sorting in Shanghai in 2017. Because the garbage sorting started early, the community’s garbage wing space was relatively large. With the joint efforts of the residents, Hongkong Meijie Street specially built a shelf for recyclables in the clean and tidy garbage compartment.
In accordance with the "Regulations on Domestic Waste Management" currently implemented in Shanghai, after completing the requirements of the regulations with high standards, Hangtian Xinyuan has become a pilot community for Hongmei Street to explore very similar recyclables. At present, the disposal of recyclables in the Aerospace Xinyuan has been upgraded from the five classification prescribed by Shanghai to the tenth class.
The three communities we selected Huayuejiayuan, Huigong New Village, and Hangtian Xinyuan belong to Shanghai Hongmei Street. The reporter found that the three communities have different ways and methods of throwing garbage and the goals of higher-level assessment. Under one set of systems, faced with completely different types of communities, in the past year, under the constraints of the "Regulations of Shanghai Municipality on the Management of Domestic Waste," how to set flexible rules for disposal and how to supervise the implementation? ?
Front end of garbage classification must be adapted to local conditions
In the past year, Wu Wenwei, director of the Hongmei Street Lvrong Institute, has convened meetings on the issue of adding garbage wards in Huayue Homes many times. It has been a year since Shanghai's garbage classification has been implemented, but residents in the community still have disputes over the location of the garbage wing.
Resident Uncle Yang is unhappy that the community adopts "removal of bins and points" after garbage classification. Huayue Homeland originally had rows of garbage bins downstairs in the 28 residential buildings in the community, but in 2019, before the "Regulations of Shanghai Municipality on the Management of Domestic Waste" will be implemented soon, the community will dump 28 scattered garbage dumps. Gradually merged into the existing 4 centralized distribution points, one of which is located just downstairs of Uncle Yang's house.
Although there are still controversies in the community regarding the placement of centralized garbage disposal sites, in the eyes of Secretary Wang of the neighborhood committee, it has been greatly improved compared to a year ago.
Secretary Wang introduced that through various efforts, Huayue Homes finally completed the "removal of bins and points" after half a year of waste sorting. Today, the four centralized waste disposal points are distributed on the main roads in the four directions of the community. Uncle strongly objected, and the originally set point 6 was forced to shift south.
Huayue Homeland is the largest resettlement housing complex in Hongmei Street, and some old residents still retain their past living habits. Uncle Yang said that he is not opposed to the implementation of "removing buckets and combining points" in the community. What makes him dissatisfied is why "removing buckets and combining points" at the same time does not adopt the method of "fixed time and fixed points" to throw garbage.
Uncle Yang pointed out that "domestic waste should be put in regularly and classified at fixed points", which is clearly written in the "Regulations of Shanghai Municipality on Management of Domestic Waste. This provision in the "Regulations" is the experience explored in the first batch of waste sorting pilot communities in Shanghai that year, and Huigong New Village, which is on the same street as Huayue Home, is the first batch of pilot communities.
Zhang Yuehong is a volunteer representative of Huigong New Village. She recalled that when Huigong New Village was exploring waste sorting in 2016, there was no model for Shanghai as a whole. Although at that time, with the help of non-profit organizations, the 184 residents in the community completed the guidance of household entry, and also handed out the relevant materials on garbage classification, and even obtained 100% support in two rounds of public opinion consultation, but after the start of the pilot garbage classification , There are still problems.
In order to restrict residents from throwing out garbage at fixed points, Hongmei Street specifically funded the construction of a lockable house for the trash can in Huigong New Village. The garbage compartments in the community are open for three hours each morning and evening, using limited manpower and energy for a fixed period of time. Soon the purity of the garbage in Huigong New Village has a qualitative leap, but new problems also follow.
Three years later, the empty space where rows of garbage were piled up in the photo is a different scene today.
In the small Huigong New Village, this vacant land has become a very valuable public space in the community. Every day the garbage wing closes, the elderly and children gather here. In order to make such a change, in addition to building the garbage ward and adopting "fixed time and fixed points" to throw garbage, another important measure is the installation of monitoring outside the garbage ward.
Huigong created the "Red and Black List" that year, and publicized the screenshots of illegal dumping and throwing garbage captured by the monitoring system in the community.
Huigong New Village, which was built in the 1990s, was the family home of an old sewing machine factory in Shanghai. Even after more than 20 years have passed, more than two-thirds of the 184 households are still familiar old colleagues. After more than half a year of repeated attempts, in such a small society of acquaintances, the garbage wing was finally put in "fixed time and fixed point", and the supervision mode of "camera" and "red and black list" was installed to achieve initial results.
After the success of this model in Huigong New Village, it soon began to be promoted and tested throughout Shanghai.
Three months after the implementation of garbage classification in Shanghai, the Shanghai Municipal Green Capacity Bureau put the hardware equipment of the garbage wing into the evaluation of each block for the first time.
Huayue Home was built in 2014. When building the house, the developer did not reserve enough space in the community to build garbage wing rooms. This is one of the difficulties that Huayue Home has been unable to implement the "fixed time and fixed point" so far.
This temporary building outside the community is currently the only trash can warehouse in Huayue Homes. As a large community with more than 10,000 residents, Huayue Homes will produce more than 260 barrels of domestic garbage every day after garbage classification, which is limited by the area of the warehouse. So far, all the trash cans in the entire community cannot be stored in the warehouse. Therefore, it is imminent to build the four garbage collection points in the current community into garbage compartments.
In December last year, the No. 14 garbage collection point located in the central area of Huayue Homeland finally built a temporary garbage compartment with the joint efforts of all parties.
Since the implementation of garbage classification for one year, many old communities in Shanghai have faced the same problem as Huayue Homes. If you want to build garbage wing rooms in the limited space, you must not only consider practical issues such as plot ratio, but also need planning, construction, Various departments such as green capacity and law enforcement approve one by one.
Since the implementation of the "Regulations of Shanghai Municipality on the Management of Domestic Waste" over the past year, the Shanghai Urban Management Law Enforcement Department has carried out more than 152,000 law enforcement inspections, of which only 9,585 were administrative penalties and only 2,113 were penalized individuals. However, according to the front-end data over the past year It shows that the habit of garbage sorting has been improved qualitatively.
The external force is forced until the heart agrees
At 2 o'clock in the afternoon, a tenant tried to throw away the bedding at Xintian Aerospace Center, but was stopped by the uncle at the door of the garbage room.
The concept of waste sorting in Xinyuan Aerospace has obviously been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, but it took a lot of effort to reverse the concept of residents at the beginning of waste sorting.
Hangtian Xinyuan is the second batch of pilot communities in Hongmei Street to start garbage sorting on New Year's Day in 2018. At that time, the "Regulations of Shanghai Municipality on the Management of Domestic Waste" had not yet been promulgated. Considering that the community is dominated by intellectual families, and the participation of children in various activities in the community is high, combined with this status quo, the neighborhood committee has incorporated garbage classification into the children’s community activities .
Through the integration of garbage classification into community activities time and time again, more and more families in Hangtian Xinyuan have participated in garbage classification, and the purity of community garbage has gradually reached the pass line. Until the "Regulations of Shanghai Municipality on the Management of Domestic Waste" began to be implemented, Hongmei Street specifically invited the urban management department to enter the community to conduct targeted legal publicity.
The key to the success or failure of garbage classification is to combine the actual situation of the community and change the thinking of most residents from "others want me to divide" to "I want to divide". At this point, Huigong New Village is the best example.
Subsequently, the idea of “opening garbage wing rooms 24 hours a day” was widely accepted by the public in Huigong New Village. The majority of residents in the community supported it, but a family next to the garbage wing room raised concerns about this.
Fully understand and respect public opinion, this is one of the most valuable experiences explored in Huigong New Village that year, and it is also the key to the success of waste sorting.
The voices of the masses collected through the exchange box, Hongmei Street listened to and resolved sincerely, which made Huigong New Village's waste classification from a pilot project to a benchmark in Shanghai. Today, we want to change the garbage compartment from “fixed time” to “open 24 hours” on a trial basis while the waste remains highly pure. This still needs to respect the opinions of every household.
Based on solid and meticulous front-end work, Hongmei Street jumped from 70 last year to second in the evaluation of Shanghai Demonstration Street in the first half of this year.