Strengthening process evaluation and advancing education evaluation reform in the new era
Elementary and middle school students were hunted and hunted to get rid of the "five wei" problems and speed
□ Our reporter Wen Lijuan
□ Our newspaper trainee reporter Bai Chuxuan
In order to standardize the problems exposed in the organization of individual competitions, such as lax review and suspected parents’ doing the work, the General Office of the Ministry of Education recently issued the "Notice on Further Strengthening the Management of National Competitions for Primary and Middle School Students" (hereinafter referred to as " "Notice"), the competition organizers are required to conduct a comprehensive self-inspection to review the authenticity and originality of the previous award-winning projects. On the basis of the review, further improve the review methods, review standards, improve the objection handling mechanism, supervision mechanism, etc., strictly control the competition projects that apply for participation, especially strengthen the qualification and ability review, and implement the whole process of tracking.
Before the announcement of the "Notice", a primary school student in Kunming won the third prize of the 2019 National Youth Science and Technology Innovation Competition for "Research on the Function and Mechanism of C10orf67 in the Occurrence and Development of Rectal Cancer", which caused an uproar in the public. The Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences later confirmed that this "genius boy" was the son of a researcher of the institute, and the theme of the award-winning paper was consistent with his father's research direction.
Industry insiders interviewed by reporters from the "Rules of Law Daily" believe that the "Notice" issued by the Ministry of Education this time regulates the competition items and internal mechanisms, and the key lies in whether they can be fully implemented. The fundamental strategy to prevent competition fraud is to improve the comprehensive evaluation, focus on eliminating the stubborn diseases of only scores, only advancement, only diplomas, only papers, and only hats, and establish a scientific education evaluation system and mechanism that meets the requirements of the times.
Competition results as a reference
It's not uncommon to cause fraud
Some netizens questioned that a certain researcher at the Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, is likely to pave the way for children to go to school and fake packaging.
Coincidentally. A high school student from Chongqing No. 1 Middle School won the first prize for "The Study on the Role of Dihydromyricetin in Regulating Liver Lipid Metabolism and Extracellular Matrix Generation". Subsequently, the entry was questioned by netizens as being highly overlapped with a postgraduate thesis of the Army Military Medical University. Plagiarism. A graduate student of the Army Military Medical University is the student’s instructor, the paper is completed under his guidance, and the student is a co-participant.
Similar to these scenes, in 2018, the WeChat public account "Intellectuals" dug up 9 papers. Middle school students from famous middle schools from all over the world were shortlisted for independent enrollment by some universities with "magical and great" papers. Subsequently, the education department conducted in-depth investigations and the students suspected of fraud were dropped out of school. In 2019, the Ministry of Education clearly stipulated that essays and patents should not be used as reference rulers for independent enrollment. This is the main reason.
Insiders analyzed by reporters from the Rule of Law Daily that many elementary and middle school students fraudulently participated in competitions, which is the inevitable result of corruption in multiple selections.
In recent years, in order to change the unscientific, unreasonable, and incomplete evaluation of scores, and to resist test-oriented education, all levels of entrance examination reforms have emphasized not only scores but comprehensive evaluation of multiple admissions.
Chen Zhiwen, editor-in-chief of China Education Online, has been engaged in education governance and education + Internet research for a long time. He believes that in comprehensive evaluation, the results of various disciplines have become a hardcore ruler in addition to scores. In addition, various technological invention and creation competitions have become another track besides subject competitions. Different from competitions in subjects such as Mathematical Olympiad, science and technology invention and creation competitions are in the name of technological innovation. Such results are more confusing, and have become the most important ruler in addition to performance in the admissions of schools across the country.
In 2019, the threshold for independent enrollment has increased significantly, but the National Youth Science and Technology Innovation Competition is still one of the important entry thresholds for many universities, including Tsinghua University.
"Science and technology innovation competitions have such important value, so the parents with great power use resources to find scientific research workers, or directly package their children with their own scientific research results, trying to get special discounts and preferential treatments in the junior high school entrance examination and the college entrance examination. , It has even become a popular practice." Chen Zhiwen wrote.
According to Yang Cheng, an associate researcher of the National Academy of Education Administration, the organizers and organizers have irregular behaviors. Some charging models including registration fees, materials fees, training fees, etc. have formed an industrial chain. Participants must get a good ranking , Had to spend money. In addition, the competition for educational resources is fierce nowadays. Some universities with independent enrollment authority will refer to the student's award certificate. In order to increase the bargaining chip for their children, parents will find ways to invest with the award certificate, which has boosted the psychology of parents and children to participate and appraise.
"These comprehensive factors have led to frequent competition fraud in recent years, which has changed the taste of many competitions and bonus points." Yang Cheng said.
Deepen the reform of the enrollment system
Bonus points and orderly progress
In fact, in addition to fraudulent competitions, fraudulent examinations have also occurred in recent years.
In 2014, Benxi City, Liaoning Province, senior high school college entrance examination physical excellence students were suspected of fraud, 87 of the more than 1,000 candidates in the school obtained the qualification for physical excellence students, these people can enjoy 10 points for the college entrance examination according to regulations. After investigation, the school has problems such as using false means to obtain national second-level athlete grade certificates for some candidates.
In addition to the college entrance examination, the problem of fraudulent qualifications for the high school entrance examination is not uncommon. Also in 2014, the Harbin High School Entrance Examination was notified of suspected fraud results. A total of 108 candidates were reported for fraud through various channels. One of them was disqualified from applying for provincial and municipal key high schools after verification; 56 people voluntarily withdrew after the announcement.
On September 4, 2014, the State Council issued the "Implementation Opinions on Deepening the Reform of the Examination and Enrollment System", pointing out that China’s examination and enrollment system has been continuously improved and a relatively complete exam enrollment system has initially formed, but there are also some issues that are strongly reflected by the society. Including "point-only theory affects the overall development of students", "additional fraud, illegal enrollment phenomenon occurs from time to time" and so on.
On December 10, 2014, the Ministry of Education, the National Ethnic Affairs Commission and others jointly issued the "Opinions on Further Reducing and Regulating the Bonus Items and Points of the College Entrance Examination", pointing out that from January 1, 2015, the disciplines of sports specialties and middle school students will be cancelled. Olympic competitions, science and technology competitions, provincial-level outstanding students, outstanding deeds of ideological and political morality, college entrance examination extra points items, after that, candidates who have won relevant awards, rankings, and titles are no longer eligible for college entrance examination extra points. At the same time, it is necessary to greatly reduce the local bonus points. Starting from January 1, 2015, the bonus points for local sports, art, technology, triple-good students, and outstanding student leaders will be cancelled. The relevant policies are in accordance with the above-mentioned cancellation of some national bonus points. Regulations are implemented.
In accordance with the spirit of the relevant documents of the central government, all localities strictly control the national bonus items and points, and gradually reduce the local bonus items and points, so as to "slim down" the college entrance examination.
For example, in Beijing, Hainan, Jiangxi, Guangxi, Hunan and other places, a transitional period is set for ethnic minority candidates in areas where points are added. The transitional period will reduce local bonus points within 2023. After the transition period, the mountainous areas and counties outside the border counties will be eliminated. Candidates get extra points.
In Henan, Gansu, Shanghai, Tianjin and other places, the bonus points for returned overseas Chinese, children of overseas Chinese, children of returned overseas Chinese, and Taiwanese candidates will be adjusted, and the bonus points will be reduced or cancelled after the transition period.
In addition, Beijing, Fujian, Tibet, Liaoning and many other places have cancelled national bonus points and local bonus points. For example, in Fujian Province, since 2018, the college entrance examination has cancelled the bonus points such as "national, provincial and ministerial-level labor model, advanced workers", "districts and cities and above, who are advanced members or their children".
Regarding the senior high school entrance examination, all localities have also cancelled the bonus points for some items. For example, on May 7, 2020, the Hangzhou Municipal Education Bureau Office issued the "Notice on the Recruitment Programs and Related Matters for Various High Schools in Hangzhou City in 2020". Starting from 2021, the awards for sports, art, and technology will be cancelled. 5 points bonus item.
"If you give extra points to lose weight, make a comprehensive evaluation, and be professional and fair, you can get rid of the contradiction that reforms encounter obstacles." Yang Cheng said.
Continuously strengthen process evaluation
Efforts to improve comprehensive evaluation
On June 30, 2020, the 14th meeting of the Central Committee for Comprehensively Deepening Reforms reviewed and approved the "Overall Plan for Deepening Education Evaluation Reform in the New Era" (hereinafter referred to as the "Overall Plan"). The meeting pointed out that education evaluation is related to the direction of education development. It is necessary to fully implement the party's educational policy, adhere to the socialist direction of running schools, implement the fundamental task of cultivating people, follow the laws of education, and target different subjects, different stages of education, and different types of education characteristics. Improve result evaluation, strengthen process evaluation, explore value-added evaluation, improve comprehensive evaluation, and focus on eliminating the stubborn diseases of only scores, only advancement, only diplomas, only papers, and only hats, and establish a scientific, educational evaluation system and mechanism that meets the requirements of the times .
The National Education Conference held in 2018 pointed out that it is necessary to deepen the reform of the education system, improve the implementation mechanism of Lide and foster people, reverse the unscientific education evaluation orientation, and resolutely overcome the stubbornness of only scores, only progress, only diplomas, only papers, and only hats. The chronic illnesses fundamentally solve the baton problem of education evaluation. The "Overall Plan" solves the problem of establishing a new scientific education evaluation system.
In Yang Cheng's view, the more novel aspects of the "Overall Plan" are process evaluation and value-added evaluation.
Process evaluation refers to the evaluation of the overall process of students from enrolling to leaving the campus; value-added evaluation refers to not using the absolute value of student scores to evaluate the education and teaching achievements of the school and teachers, but to evaluate the education and teaching of the school and teachers. Value-added contribution".
"Different schools have different sources of students. A school with a general source of students has a lower enrollment rate. However, if this school can improve the level of students, for example, it is predicted that the student’s ability can only test 400 points, but the test scores 550 points when they graduate, then this school It made a value-added contribution." Yang Cheng said.
Yang Cheng believes that a sound comprehensive evaluation can also return positive energy to all kinds of competitions, allowing parents and children to correctly understand the competition, and selectively participate in some interesting competitions, which can truly promote the growth of children.
How to make process evaluation, value-added evaluation and comprehensive evaluation come true, and how to ensure fairness, impartiality and credibility, are all teachers, students, parents, and the public are more concerned about issues.
Xiong Bingqi, deputy dean of the 21st Century Education Research Institute, believes that my country's education evaluation system has long been guided by results evaluation, and the main reason is the implementation of administrative evaluation. Compared with professional evaluation, administrative evaluation will adopt simple quantitative indicators for evaluation due to lack of professional evaluation ability. This is intuitive and operable, but it is not suitable for complex educational evaluation. To conduct process evaluation, value-added evaluation and comprehensive evaluation, it is necessary to promote professional evaluation and improve professional evaluation capabilities. Specifically, the school’s educational affairs and academic affairs should be in charge of the teacher committee (and the professor committee in universities) and the academic committee, responsible for formulating evaluation standards and implementing them.
"At the same time, it is necessary to advance the reform of the education management system and the construction of a modern school system. It is necessary to deepen the reform of decentralization and service in the education field, implement the school's autonomy in running schools, avoid administrative factors and interest factors interfering with education evaluation, and ensure that the evaluation is open and transparent. , Proceed fairly." Xiong Bingqi said.
Yang Cheng suggested that teaching administrative departments in various regions continue to deepen the reform of examination evaluation, especially the reform of college entrance examination; when implementing value-added evaluation, actively apply information technology.
"The data collection of the students' growth process will increase the workload of teachers. How to ensure the objectivity of filling out without greatly increasing the extra workload of teachers and students requires technical support. At present, some schools are collecting data. This aspect has been explored, but it is not perfect nationwide and needs to be deepened.” Yang Cheng said.