With the escalation of the controversy over the new Russian vaccine for the emerging corona virus, and the time required to develop a vaccine for the disease, we review in this report the time required to develop some of the most important vaccines that changed the course of human health.

And last Tuesday, without Moscow revealing detailed studies of the results of its clinical trials that allow the results of the vaccine to be confirmed, President Vladimir Putin announced that his country had registered the world's first vaccine against Corona.

After this announcement, doubts were issued about the Russian vaccine, which focused on whether he had undergone sufficient clinical trials, and whether it was possible to obtain an effective vaccine within a period of months.

Scientists say that it must be sure to test the vaccine well, to avoid serious complications. For example, in the fifties of the last century, a batch of polio vaccine was approved within a few hours, and it contained a copy of the virus that was not completely dead; The result was that the children who were vaccinated did contract the disease, and many of them died.

According to a report in the New York Times, developing a vaccine generally takes 10 years or more.

The following are examples of the time periods required to develop some of the most important vaccines in the world:

Varicella

According to the World Health Organization, varicella - commonly referred to as "chickenpox" - is an acute and highly contagious disease that results from primary infection with the varicella zoster virus (VZV). According to the New York Times, it took 28 years to develop the varicella vaccine.

FluMist

This vaccine was developed for influenza, and it is made of influenza viruses that have been weakened, and is given in the form of a nasal spray. According to the New York Times, it took 28 years to develop the Flu Mist vaccine.

Human papillomavirus (HPV)

According to the World Health Organization, HPV causes cervical cancer, the fourth most common type of cancer in women, and causes an estimated 266,000 deaths and 528,000 new cases in 2012.

The vast majority (about 85%) occur in less developed regions, accounting for approximately 12% of all female cancers.

According to the New York Times, it took 15 years to develop the HPV vaccine.

Rotavirus

According to the World Health Organization, rotavirus is the most common cause of acute diarrheal disease in young children worldwide. According to the New York Times, it took 15 years to develop a rotavirus vaccine.

Smallpox

The eradication of smallpox - which used to kill nearly 30% of those who contract it - through vaccination is one of humankind's greatest achievements, but that took centuries to reach, according to a report in Business Insider.

In 1796, Edward Jenner in the United Kingdom invented the first successful vaccine against smallpox, but it was not until the 1950s that it began to effectively eliminate the disease in some parts of the world, that is, 150 years after its first development.

Typhoid fever

Typhoid fever is a fatal disease that can spread widely through food and water. Although it is relatively uncommon in industrialized areas, it remains a major threat in some developing countries in Southeast Asia, Africa and Latin America.

After discovering the bacteria responsible for the disease in 1880, German scientists began research to develop a vaccine for the first time in 1896.

In 1909, US Army physician Frederick F. Russell is the first vaccine against typhoid in the United States.

Yellow fever

In 1918, researchers at the Rockefeller Institute developed what they thought was a successful vaccine against yellow fever, but in 1926 Max Teller proved otherwise, and production of the vaccine was stopped.

In 1937, Teller devised the first safe and effective yellow fever vaccine, which has since become the global standard.

In 1951, Max Teller became the first and only scientist to receive a Nobel Prize for developing a vaccine.

poliomyelitis

Research to understand polio was gradually increasing over the first few decades of the 20th century. In 1935, vaccinations were attempted first on monkeys, and then on children in California. Although this vaccine produced poor results, two more decades of research paved the way for the development of vaccines by Jonas Salk in 1953 and Albert Sabin in 1956.

After testing the vaccine on more than 1.6 million children, the Salk vaccine had been adopted in the United States by 1955. Continuous research during the 1980s cleared the way for more effective and efficient vaccines, and by 1994 polio had been eradicated in the Americas.

In 1988, there were 350,000 cases of polio, but by 2018, there were only 33 cases of polio in the entire world.

Anthrax

During the 19th century, a series of studies contributed to determining the source of disease, how long bacteria lived, and how disease was transmitted by animals; Paving the way for the first attempts to develop a vaccine in 1881.

In 1937, the scientist Max Stern invented a successful vaccine against anthrax for use in livestock, and a copy of it is still used today, in order to reduce the transmission of infection from animals to humans. Thirteen years later, the first human vaccine was developed.

An updated vaccine for anthrax was developed in 1970 and is used to prevent disease in humans today.

Hepatitis B

Dr. Baruch Bloomberg discovered the hepatitis B virus in 1965. Just 4 years later, he created the first vaccine against hepatitis B using a heat-treated form of the virus.

Twelve years later, in 1981, the US Food and Drug Administration approved the first commercially available hepatitis B vaccine, which included blood samples from infected donors.

And in 1986, a new, synthetic vaccine was developed that does not use blood products from donors.

What about Corona?

The World Health Organization says there are 28 of more than 150 experimental vaccines currently being tested in humans, of which 6 have reached the third stage, which is the final stage during which the candidate product is tested on large groups of people.

Reuters quoted experts who expected it to take 12-18 months to produce a safe and effective Corona virus vaccine from the start of development.