The narrations indicate that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, had a similar procession on the day of Eid, and he was holding a bayonet while he was leading this blessed procession. And Al-Toukh al-Tannoukhi (d. 384 AH / 995AD) narrated - in 'Nashwar of the Lecture' - that one of the “merits of Islam on the day of Eid Petrosos” which is located in southern Turkey today, and was a great gap to confront the Byzantines until they seized it in the year 354 AH / 966AD, so it was Eid - although it was An occasion of joy and pleasure - an opportunity to showcase the military strength of the Mujahideen stationed in it !! The reader of this article will not be forgotten by this remarkable feature that links the Eid with the parades of the military parade and the group of proud and untiring people who have not been cut off from the Islamic world for centuries.

Muslims knew the feasts and had seasons of joy, fun and social encounter, as was worship, closeness and asceticism, strength and youth, and a display of the political and urban gains made by the state and society. Festivals were a batch of joys and overwhelming joy in the Islamic world’s cities, even as if the Muslims on their festive days were occupied only by fruit and happy life, and the pioneer in this joyful behavior was the Prophet, peace and blessings of God be upon him, who guided his nation to the ways of noble joy, and was keen to be who and Around him were the people most happy with the holidays, and the truth is that the source of that is the balance between spirit, matter, fun and novelty that established building architecture and Islamic meeting; In this regard, this article is downloaded, observing the joys of holidays in the history of Muslims!

A prophetic joy
since the dawn of Islam; The joy of the feast preceded it before it came. The night of the crescent investigation was the night of Anas and Habour. The feast of the Prophet, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his companions, was simple and modest, but he took a lot of good fortune to make the day of perfect beauty in everything by order of the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him. The ruler (d. 405 AH / 1015 CE) - in Al-Mustadrak, said that Al-Hassan bin Ali (D 49 AH / 670 CE) said: “The Messenger of God, peace and blessings of God be upon him, commanded us on the two feasts that we wear the finest of what we find, and that we finish with the best of what we find, and that We sacrifice the fat of what we find "!

And the Prophet, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, “will become the day of Eid to the chapel from the greatest path, and if he returns, he will return from the other way.” Al-Shafi’i (d. 204 AH / 820 CE) narrated in his book 'The Mother'. On the day of Eid, there was a similar procession. Al-Bukhari (d. 256 AH / 870 CE) included in his Sahih that he, peace and blessings of God be upon him, was "If the day of Eid came out, he commanded the spear and he would put it in his hands and pray to it ... then whoever took the princes." Only one historian mentioned this spear. Al-Waqidi (d. 207 AH / 823 CE) said - while Al-Samhudi quoted him (d. 911 AH / 1505 CE) in Wafaa Al-Wafa - it was "for Al-Zubayr ibn al-Awam - he gave it to the Negus (d. 9 AH / 631AD) - so he gave it to the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, and it was He brings it out in his hands on the day of Eid. "

Carrying it in the hands of the Prophet and his successors after him was an honor that was preserved and he inherited the caliphs and kings. Ibn Katheer (d. 774 AH / 1372 CE) mentioned - in 'The Beginning and the End' - that Sa`da al-Qurazi (d. 39 AH / 660 CE) "was the muezzin of the Quba Mosque in the time of the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace. Sire to Ammar bin Yasir (d. 37 AH / 658 AD), and he was the one who carried the goat in the hands of Abu Bakr (d. 13 AH / 634 AD) and Omar (d. 23 AH / 645 AD) and Ali (d. 40 AH / 661 AD) to the mosque on the day of Eid, and the call to prayer remained in his descendants for a while long". It came in complementing the news of the advanced al-Waqidi, "which is (= Harbat al-Nabi) today in Madinah at the muezzins; I mean, they will take it out in the hands of the imams in his time," meaning the time of al-Waqidi during the Abbasid era.

The joy of Eid was in the time of the Prophet, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, in general, as the two Sahih and other scholars narrated from Umm Atiyah al-Ansariyya (d. About 70 AH / 690 CE) "that the Messenger of God, peace and blessings of God be upon him, used to bring out the firstborns and hindrances (= girls) and those who have anesthesia and menstruation in the two feasts. Menstruation, so they retire from the chapel and witness the call of Muslims. " (This is the term al-Tirmidhi 279 AH / 892 CE). The Eid prayer was preceded by his sermon until the Umayyads came and people broke away from their political sermons after the end of the prayer, and they wanted to get them to stay to listen to them, so he was "the first to start the sermon on the day of the feast - before the prayer - Marwan (Ibn al-Hakam T 65 AH / 685 CE)"; As in Sahih Muslim'.

The holiday in the Prophet's time was not without play and play; Al-Bukhari, on the authority of Aisha (d. 58 AH / 678 ​​AD), said that she said: “Abu Bakr and I have two female neighbors from the neighborhood of Al-Ansar, singing what Al-Ansar said on the day of a resurrection (= the last battle between Al-Aws and Al-Khazraj 617 A.D.), and she said: It is not with two singers. Abu Bakr said: The devils of the Devil In the house of the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace ?! On the day of Eid, the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, said: “O Abu Bakr, every people has a holiday and this is our holiday!” And he added in another narration: "She said: It was on the day of Eid that Sudan was playing with thyroid (= leather gears) and bayonets, or I asked the Messenger of God, peace and blessings of God be upon him, or he said:" Do you desire, do you see? "And she said: Yes, so he raised me behind him, cheek on his cheek."

An updated ceremony
was not transmitted from the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, nothing in the word of congratulations on the occasion of Eid, but was transmitted from the companions and followers; Perhaps the most famous is what was mentioned in the chapter on “The Supplication in the Two Feasts” from the book “Supplication” for al-Tabarani (d. 360 AH / 971AD): “On the authority of Rashid bin Saad (al-Muqra’i, d. 113 AH) that [the Companions] Abu Imamah al-Bahly (d. 86 AH / 705 CE) and Wathil ibn Al-Asqa’ (D85 AH / 704AD) .. To meet him on the day of Eid, they said: “May God accept us and you”

With the development of the Islamic State ceremonies; It became for the Eid prayer - the Sultans were its imams - and his sermon was larger and greater, until the judge Al-Tanoukhi (d. 384 AH / 995 CE) narrated - in the 'Lecture of the Lecture' - that it was said: One of the virtues of Islam: Friday in Baghdad, the Tarawih prayer in Mecca, and the day of Eid Petrosius! This al-Maqrizi (d. 845 AH / 1441 CE) describes to us - in the 'Hanafi sermon' - the preparations for the Eid prayer during the time of the Fatimid Caliph al-Aziz (d. 386 AH / 997 CE); He says: “Terraces were built (= plaster terraces: a slightly raised place) between the palace and the chapel .. The muezzins and jurists should have it, until the magnification of the chapel reaches the palace ..., and the dear rode of a chapel and sermons.”

Prayer was held in open and specific places, some of which were designated not far from the names of public squares in our cities today; In Al-Masalak and Al-Malekalat of Al-Ashtari (d. 346 AH / 957 AD), “The Messenger of God in which he used to pray the feasts [is located] in the west of the city,” and in Baghdad, Al-Tanukhi - in the “Lecture of the Lecture” - tells us that Peace, "and in Egypt al-Maqrizi says - in 'The Plans and Monuments' - that" the Khulan chapel .. [was] the feast scene and people lead and preach to them ... On the day of Eid the preacher of the Mosque of Amr ibn al-Aas (d. 43 AH / 664 CE) ", and in Damascus They used to pray at a square called the 'Green Square', mentioned by Ibn Tigray Bardi (d. 874 AH / 1470 CE) - in 'The Bright Stars' - when he described the Eid prayer and said: “And look up the pulpit to the Green Square.”

Perhaps the prayers of the feast in the one city are multiplied by the multiplicity of doctrines in it, as was happening in the city of Saqsin in the country of Khazar - which is the region between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea - which Qazwini says (d. 632 AH / 1235 AD) - in the "Antiquities of the Country" - that "its people" Muslims, most of whom are on the doctrine of Imam Abu Hanifa (d. 150 AH / 767 CE), and some of them are on the doctrine of Imam Al-Shafi’i, and there are mosques for every collecting people who pray in it, and on the day of Eid, there are platforms, for every people who preach on it and pray with their imam. ”

Among the strange situations related to the Eid prayers is what happened in one of them in the Far Maghrib during the days of Sultan Abi Al-Abbas Al-Wattasi (d. 960 AH / 1552 CE); Al-Nasiri Al-Sallawi (d. 1315 AH / 1898 AD) stated - in “surveying the news of the Far Maghreb countries” - that “people went out on the day of Eid to pray, so they waited for the Sultan and he slowed down on them and did not come until [when] the time for prayer came, and then the Sultan came in .. To the chapel looked at Sheikh Abu Malik (= Abdul Wahid bin Ahmed Al-Wanrashsi T 955 AH / 1548 CE), and he saw that it was too late, disperse the pulpit and said: Muasher of Muslims, may God Almighty reward you for the Eid prayer, it came back at noon! Then he ordered the muezzin and gave the call and performed the prayer, then Sheikh Abu Malik and prayed [b] - people back, so Sultan Abu Al-Abbas shy and admitted his sin "!!

The ancient ceremonies - which are still continuing until now - were the honorable clothing of the Kaaba on Eid Al-Adha in particular; Al-Fassi (d. 832 AH / 1429AD) said - in 'Shifa Al-Gharam' - that "the Kaaba is covered in this day - the Day of Sacrifice every year, except that cladding on this day is deducted from it from the top, and it is not a way to reach its end - on Habit - only days after the Day of Sacrifice. It seems that this habit was slightly different from what was believed centuries ago. Al-Fassi said, commenting: "Ibn Jubair [on his journey] mentioned what requires that the Kaaba is not worn on the day of slaughter, but rather on the second day of al-Nafr (= the third days of al-Tashreeq)."

Remembering sorrows on the feast seems to be a long time in our history. The habit of visiting graves on holidays is rooted, even though there is no legal basis for them. Perhaps this raised the ire of power in some times, as it saw it as an unwanted degradation of the joy of the feast; Al-Maqrizi tells us - in 'Plans and Monuments' - that in the year 402 AH / 1012 CE, the Fatimids issued a formal decision "to prevent women from visiting the graves, and no single woman was seen in the feasts in the graves." Then the matter was repeated in the days of the Mamluks, where al-Maqrizi says - in 'Al-Kanouk' - that on 29 Ramadan 792 AH / 1390 CE "we call in Cairo to prevent women from going out on the day of Eid to Turb (= graves)"!

Great beautification
Perhaps the most important preparation for the Eid is the care of people with their adornment, the cleanliness of their bodies and the renewal of their clothes, which is a prophetic matter - as already mentioned - the jurists have emphasized so much that they even preferred it to be washed for Friday even though its prayers are obligatory and the holiday is Sunnah; Because "washing the feast is forbidden to take the adornment, so those who attended the feast and those who did not attend as clothing, and washing the Friday commanded to cut off the smell - are equal in it, so as not to harm him from his neighborhood [in the mosque] - and if he does not attend, its meaning will be removed"; According to Imam al-Mawardi (d. 450 AH / 1058 CE) in al-Hawi al-Kabeer. Also, because Sharia "requested .. [on the Eid to wear] the most valuable and best-looking clothes, and the adornment in it was not specialized in the person who wanted to attend [for the Eid prayer]"! As Al-Ramli Al-Shafi’i (d. 1004 AH / 1596 CE) says at the end of the needy.

The elders and the common people were keen to make the holidays festive, even when the men were adorned with dye with henna and black! It is beautiful what happened from that mentioned by Ibn Adhari Al-Marrakchi (d. After 712 AH / 1312 AD) - in the 'Moroccan statement' within the story of the conquest of the Andalusian city of Merida 94 AH / 713AD - that the leader of the conquest Musa bin Naseer (d 97 AH / 716AD) had at that time A young man, so the rum came to him once, and they found him white-headed and beard, then they brought him with a henna, and then they brought him a third "on the day of Eid al-Fitr, so they wrapped his head and beard in black. So they went back to Medina and said to those in it: And rule! You are fighting prophets who grow up (= they become young) after Al-Mushayb! Their king has returned an event (= a young man) after he was an old man !, and they said: Go to him and give him what I asked you! So they reached him and reconciled him. Moses was adorning the feast, unaware of what was going on in the issuance of his enemies because of this strange coincidence !!

It seems that it was the custom of some societies in the Islamic West that the groom of men gush his hands with henna on the feast, as it came in a juristic descendance recorded by the mark Mayarah Al-Fassi (d. 1072 AH / 1662 AD) in 'perfection and judgment', in which he stated that "the husband usually did his family from His hands were congratulated, and the feast came, and he sent the wife a ram [a gift], and he was bent on building and wedding, so I chose him (= I kidnapped him).

The men - Muslims and others - had decorated them all on his feast, and one of the funniest details of the men's clothes mentioned was what was reported by Al-Khatib Al-Baghdadi (d. 463 AH / 1071AD) - in "History of Baghdad" - on the authority of a man named Abu Qaboos - who was a Christian - who told the story of his clothing on The hand of Ja`far bin Yahya al-Baramaki (d. 187 AH 803 CE); He said: "I entered Ja`far ... on a cold day, and he fell into the cold. He said: O boy, put on him a garment of Christian garments, and put on me a piece of silk (= a kind of silk) worth a thousand! He said: So I went to my house, and I wanted to wear it on the day of Eid so why I pour a garment for him in my house, and she tells me with intention of me: write to the one who gave it to you so that he can send you whatever clothes he uses ... "; He wrote him a piece of poetry Istohbh in which four additional dresses called by their names, such as saying:
Abu Fadl if Obesratna day of our festival ** I saw ostentation us in the churches
do not I have a meal of Jbabikm ** and Tilsan of horses Tyals
if Eid dresses in five ** Your shoulder did not need to wear a sixth!

As for the women, they used to take care of the dyeing of the clothes as well, and that meant the virtues of the people, their scholars and their pride, and they did not see it as embarrassing. Ibn Asaker (d. 571 AH) - in “The History of Damascus” - narrated from Hafsa bint Sirin (d. 101 AH) - who is the sister of the great imam Muhammad bin Sirin (d. 110 AH) - that she said: “Umm Muhammad [bin Sirin] was a Hijaz woman, And she liked the dye, and it was Muhammad if he bought her a garment that he bought to find what he finds .. And if every day is a holiday dyeing her clothes. This imam was disbelieved in his mother's clothes and dyed her for her on Eid!

As this was the state of the people in the decoration, it was not necessary to show the beauty of women on the feast more than others; Imam Ibn Al-Jawzi (d. 597 AH / 1175 AD) tells us - in the 'regular' - the story of a pleasant home investigation that was subjected to him by the follower jurist Hassan bin Abi Sinan (d. 54 AH / 674 AD), and he says that "he went out on the day of Eid, so when he came back, he said to him His wife: How many good women have you seen today? When I went further, he said: and itchy! I only looked at my thumb since I left you until I came back to you !! Al-Balazari (d. 279 AH / 892 CE) narrated - in “Ansab al-Ashraf” - that when the pilgrims (al-Thaqafi, 95 AH / 715 CE) presented Basra to the Eid (= Eid al-Fitr 75 AH / 695 CE), he saw many women who attended, and said: If the people of The Levant and these people spoiled them, so he built his palace and took it bewildered (= a walled place) longer than a mile, and the Levant people brought it down, and an Iraqi would not mingle with them !!

Perhaps the beauty and beauty that the Eid highlights among those who celebrate it have led to incidents of harassment of women, even though it is still seen as a major denial, and this is evidenced by the fact that a war took place due to the occurrence of harassment on the Eid that occurred in Cordoba during the days of the Almoravid dynasty; The historian Ibn Al-Atheer (d. 630 AH / 1233 CE) states - in 'Al-Kamil' - that in 514 AH a "sedition occurred between Askar, the Emir of the Muslims, Ali ibn Yusef [bin Tashfin T 537 AH / 1143 CE] and the people of Cordoba." And the reason for it was that, "On the day of al-Adha, people went out bystanders, then a slave of Abi Bakr (= Army Commander) extended his hand to a woman and grabbed her, and she sought help from the Muslims and helped her, so he fell [T] between the slaves and the people of the country a great temptation, and it lasted all day and the war between them is based on a leg ", In a multi-round battle that ended in a humiliating defeat of power and its acquiescence to the reconciliation of the population; These people of the country revolted against their Emir and his army, and they killed them to fight the desperate for one incident of harassment that took place on Eid !!

Boats and
processions Official processions were one of the most important scenes of the feast that the state was keen on, and through which its prestige, strength and the rulers ’belief in the splendor of their authority were shown, and in its details, the wonder is amazing. Ibn al-Jawzi mentioned - in his 'regular' - in his monitoring of the news of the Abbasid caliph al-Muqtafi (d. 555 AH / 1160 AD) that he "came out on the day of the feast (= Eid al-Fitr 553 AH / 1158 CE). The procession was accompanied by a dressing uniform that was not seen from horses and oars (= what the horse wears to protect it) Surgeon), flags and the large number of soldiers and princes! "

The Abbasids had rituals on the feast that preceded the carrying of the bayonet attributed to the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, and likewise resembled the “purdah” attributed to him and which “inherited [Ha] the sons of Abbas .. Back from an ancestor, [q] the caliph was wearing it on the day of the feast on his shoulders, And he takes the penis attributed to him (= the Prophet) in one of his hands, and he comes out from him with tranquility and reverence what is rifted by the hearts and dazzles by the eyes, and they wear black [which is their slogan] on the days of Friday and feasts. "

The feast was sometimes an occasion to remind the ummah of the caliph's position as the transcendent king over his parish, even his senior officials and his own, as it was not his custom for anyone to sit next to him on the day of the feast; According to al-Dhahabi (d. 748 AH / 1348 CE) - in the 'History of Islam' - that the Fatimid judge Abdul Aziz bin Muhammad bin al-Nu`man (d. 401 AH / 1011 CE) "rose his rank with [their caliph] al-Hakim (d. 411 AH / 1021 CE) until I ascended him with him On the pulpit on the day of Eid. "

It is surprising that you find that no one sitting next to the supreme ruler or walking alongside him in the procession is something that historians are fighting against; Ibn Taghry Bardi says: “And in it (= 289 AH / 902AD) [Caliph] Al-Muktafi (d. 295 AH / 907 CE) prayed to people on the day of the sacrifice, and he was in the hands of the kings of the kings, and the kings and princes stepped in his hands except for his minister Al-Qasim bin Ubaid Allah (d. 291 AH) (904 AD), he rode and ran without the people, and no successor had been seen before that was joined by another minister. Ibn Taghry Bardi then added, commenting: "This is the first weakness that fell in the right of the caliphs! I say: The aggressor (d. 289 AH / 902 CE) is the last caliph of the law (= preserving its prestige) the caliphate, and then after that he took the order of the caliphs in Idbar to this day. !!

Although the esteemed companions hated carrying guns on the feast - unless the prophets were related to the matter - until Imam Al-Bukhari - in his Sahih - was categorized by saying: "The chapter on what is hated to bear arms on the feast and forbidden days"; Since the Umayyad rule, the tradition of organizing a military parade has been rooted. Then their successors soon became a bear of arms. The historian Ibn Al-Atheer mentioned that the caliph Yazid bin Al-Walid (d. 126 AH / 744 CE) was "the first to come out with weapons on the day of Eid, and he went out between two rows of arms on them"! Then this became a habit of collusion with the caliphs and kings even from the enemies of the sons of illiteracy such as the Abbasids and the Fatimids.

This is Ibrahim ibn Muhammad al-Bayhaqi al-Katib (d. About 320 AH / 933 CE). It tells us - in "good and bad" - about a massive military parade organized by the caliph al-Mu'tasim (d. 227 AH / 843AD); He says: "Eid attended, so Al-Mu'tasim in God tired his horses for tiredness, unheard of, and did not see any of the Abbas’s children similar to it. He ordered the way, and he was wiped from the door of his palace to the chapel, then he divided that among the pimps and gave each of them his reward (= his position in the row), so when he was before Breaking the fast on the day the pimp and their companions attended in the most beautiful dress and the best body, so they required their staples from the time of noon until Al-Mu'tasim rode with God to the chapel .. (= Ram) From the pro, every three hundred of them are in a uniform that violates the rest of the rest of the garb.

Ibn al-Jawzi mentions - in al-Muntazem - a similar presentation from the previous, which occurred 549 AH / 1155 CE; He says that, "On the occasion of Eid al-Fitr, the soldiers came out in an outfit that was unseen for the gathering of soldiers and the large number of princes !!" Even the military processions have become extremely forbidden, the one who caused them to be destroyed will be punished with death! Al-Dhahabi said in 'History of Islam': “Then the caliph was dislocated to the princes (= like the covering of the feast), and he offered the army on the day of the feast, and called: no one mixes with the army, and whoever rides a mule or donkey whose blood is forbidden” !!

Various shows
and one of the most enjoyable scenes of Eid traditions in Islamic societies, which were carefully monitored by the traveler Ibn Battuta (d. 779 AH / 1378 AD) in various parts of Islam and included in his famous journey. Including the scene of the feast in one of the Sultanate of the country of Rome [Turkey today] Where he says to you: "And we kept Eid Al-Fitr (733 AH / 1333 AD) in this town, so we went out to the chapel, and the Sultan (escaped by T after 338 AH / 1337 AD) went out to his soldiers and the brotherly boys (= fatwa groups), all with weapons, and for the people of all the making of flags, trumpets, drums and anvils, some of them boast Some of them boast about the goodness of the body and the perfection of the company (= the weapon), and the people of every industry go out with them cows, sheep and bread loads, so they slaughter the beasts in the graves and give them charity with bread, and their exit is first to the cemeteries and then to the chapel. When we prayed the Eid prayer, we entered with the Sultan to his house, and attended the food So the jurists, sheikhs, and boys were made carpets separately, and the poor and needy were made carpets separately, and the door on that day is not answered poor or rich!

Those who were impressed with what was seen in the processions of kings brought wild animals, lions and others to display in front of the procession; Al-Jahizh (d. 255 AH / 869 CE) tells us - in the 'animal' - about his observances on one of the feasts, saying: "I went out on the day of Eid, so when I became with Abisab (= a region in Baghdad) if I am a hill venerated with cuts and cuttings, and if men sit on their arms, I asked some of The Eid is witnessing and I said: What is with this gun (= guards) in this place when people surrounded this hill? He told me: This elephant! Al-Maqrizi recorded - in the "Hanaf al-Hanafa" - from the scenes of 395 AH / 1004AD. "The ruler rode on the day of Eid Al-Fitr ... And he held in his hands six mares - with lamps set with the core - and six elephants and five giraffes! So he prayed to the people for the Eid prayer and their sermons!"

While most of the caliphs and princes exaggerated the appearances of glory and pride in the feasts, he did not execute those who see real pride in practical achievements for the benefit of peoples and countries; The tribe of Ibn al-Jawzi (d. 654 AH / 1256 AD) - translated into the “Mirror of Time” - by the leader of the Boihi Aba al-Tahir al-Mashtab, called al-Saeed (d. 408 AH / 1018 CE), who said: “And the happy man was happy as he was called, many alms were surplus, which is well known, so much that even The people of Baghdad, if they saw someone who wore a new shirt, they said: May God have mercy on the happy, because he was covering the orphans, the poor, and the weak, and he who built the Qantara of Iraq and Qantara Al-Khandaq - at Bab Harb - and Yasiriya, Al-Zayatin, etc. .., and took out Al-Isfasaliah (= the military leaders) on the Day of Paradise = Horses exposed (not mounted) with gold boats and showed adornment, and some of his companions said to him: If we had something we showed! Al-Saeed said to him: It is not in their sides that the ditch is the trench, the yasiriya and the two zayatines !!

It was one of the decorations of the feast for them to make tents and domes, and these domes were the headquarters for celebration and a place for eating, drinking and amusement, and exerted in making and decorating them, which raises the wonder! It describes to us in great detail Imam Ibn Al-Jawzi - in the 'regular' - the Caliph's tent, far away from Adha; He says that on "the Day of Sacrifice (520 AH / 1126AD), ​​the Commander of the Faithful (Guided by God T 529 AH / 1135 CE) ordered the erection of a large tent with another tent in its hands ..., and set up a high podium in the front of the tent, and attended the properties of the caliph, his minister, the captains, the heads of positions and supervision, the Hashemites, the Talibans, and creation Of the faces (= notables), and the Caliph - and his adult son (d. 530 AH / 1136 CE) who is his crown prince - and he stood at the side of the pulpit and prayed to the people the Eid prayer, and the arrogant preachers of the mosques.

But if the holiday is coupled with a military victory, then the decorations multiply and exaggerate the celebration of the military leaders. This golden imam paints for us - in the 'History of Islam' - a picture of the Eid and Victory meeting in one day, and the strange domes of invention that were created to celebrate this: "Then [Caliph al-Muqtafi] returned to Baghdad in support of Mansur [by ending the strife that broke out in Wasit], then Baghdad was closed and decorated The domes were made, and the goldsmiths (= goldsmiths) worked in the door of the ancient Khan, dome bearing the image of [the Seljuk Sultan] Masoud (d. 547 AH / 1152 CE) and yours (the Turkoman leader T 548 AH / 1153 CE) and Abbas (= Abbas al-Shuhnah / Director of Public Security 11 CE T 541 ) With motions revolving, and many domes were made on this model. The people of Baghdad went out to play ... and have fun until the Day of the River [from 547 AH / 1152 AD] !!

Tables and rewards
Food and drink may have been the most pleasant on the feast for many, and for that the ancients had passion, art and a broad history; Al-Suyuti (d. 911 AH / 1506AD) - on the 'History of the Caliphs' - quoted one of the followers of the Caliph al-Mamun (d. 218 AH / 833AD) as a strange description of the diversity of his table, his food experience, and his health benefits. He said: “We had lunch with the Ma’mun on the day of Eid, so he placed more than three hundred colors on his table. He said: Whenever the color of the Ma’mun’s look is placed on him, he said: This is beneficial to such, harmful to such, so whoever of you has a phlegm should avoid this, and whoever of you is a yellow owner should eat from This, and whoever overwhelms him black does not subject to this "!!

As for the Fatimids, they were caring for sweets and refreshments, as Al-Maqrizi tells us by photographing him on the morning of Eid in the Palace of the Fatimid Caliph al-Imr (d. 524 AH / 1130 CE); He said: "And when the morning had become, during the night, a number of feasts (= deep plates) were carried from the palace with several tables for breaking the fast on the day of Eid, and it was carried by drawing the mushroom of the caliph trays of gold ... So when the magic of Eid al-Fitr came in the hands of the caliph, he brought his palaces in Its gold inlaid sacks - and gold-plated napkins - of stuffed dates and guarashia (= a kind of candy) with sorts of flavors and so on. "

And their tables - especially on the feast - were full of food and sweets, as we find a description at Ibn Tigray Bardi for the table of the Fatimid Caliph Al-Aziz; On one of the feasts, "it was erected into a fountain (= a basin of water with a fountain) in the center of the iwan, a tablecloth (= longitudinal table) with a length of twenty reeds, on top of the rattan (= stuffed fried bread), the pistnod (= stuffed pies), and the bazmord (= pastry dough) With sugar) is like a tall mountain! Every quarter of it contains a quarter of a pound, or less, to a pound, so people enter and eat, forbidden, and no stone ... Rather, it is separated from people and carried to their role. " Then he mentioned that Al-Aziz "was the first to arrange it on Eid Al-Fitr, especially".

He elaborates on the description after that, saying: “As for the food tablecloth, on the day of Eid Al-Fitr two .. On the occasion of the sacrifice one time, the scalding is carried out at night, and its length is three hundred cubits (= 184 m approximately) in the width of seven arms, and many types of food are present on it. To him, the minister attends the first dawn prayer and the caliph sitting in the window, and people are empowered of it, so they endure and loot what they do not eat, sell, and save, and this is before the Eid prayer. If he finishes the Eid prayer, he extends the mentioned ablution, then it is eaten, then a second scourge of silver is said to be said to it. Silver, gold, and Chinese have special foods that are ashamed of being mentioned.

Scalding along the hall; It is painted wood, ten cubits wide. Twenty-one dishes are topped in the middle of the scalding, according to every twenty one lamb. And from the chicken three hundred and fifty birds, and from broilers similarly, and from chicken pigeons like it. Desserts are of various types; Then, in the bowl of those dishes, I provide the most pottery pots in the side of the scallop, on each plate nine hens in super desserts, and the chef (= kebab) torn in musk a lot. And the number of dishes is five hundred plates, all arranged in the best order. Then comes two palaces (= two carts) of sweets that were made in the 'house of instinct' (= a government store for making and distributing sweets), each one weighing seventeen kantars (= today about 650 kg) .., then the minister goes out and goes to his house; A tablecloth is made around the caliph's tablecloth. And thus falls on the Day of Sacrifice on the first day of it! "

Social affection
and non-kings, ministers, and princes held feasts and extended their feasts on holidays. A similar statement was reported from some notables, scholars and others, as reported by Ibn Asaker - in “History of Damascus” - quoting Imam Abdullah bin Aoun al-Muzni (d. 151 AH / 767 AD) that he said: “We did not come to Muhammad (= Ibn Sirin) on the day of Eid Never give us food, for example, for example, which is one of the most famous and best sweets at the time.

Ibn Bashkwal (d. 578 AH / 1183AD) - in 'Al-Sallah' - tell us that Imam Hisham bin Sulaiman al-Qaisi (d. 420 AH / 1030AD) used to make a lot of food for Eid Al-Hisn (= Fort of the Fahimites near Toledo) and whoever attended the Almoravids and spent there Money is too much, and he was stationed himself in the stomata "! Ibn Waas al-Zubaidi (d. 812 AH / 1410 CE) narrated - in 'Pearl Contracts' - that "the jurist Abd al-Rahman (al-Shihabi d. 649 AH / 1251 CE) .. was ... the greatest jurist, and the jurists of Jablah did not come out of the Eid prayer -day of Eid - Except to his home, they enter into a tablecloth he does for them. "

The affluent were visiting their neighbors on feasts - albeit with secret alms - so that they would be fortunate in their blessings and pleasure. And among the oddities of that was reported by Ibn Shaheen Al-Malti (d. 920 AH / 1515AD) - in 'Neel Al-Amal' - so he said: “And in it (= Al-Adha 825 AH / 1423AD) occurred a rare stranger, which is that a man has a family and children and he is among the poor .., when he came Eid, the victims were slaughtered, and the grilled meat was eaten. Their desires raged to eat something that would distort the people, and the children asked this poor person for something of that and what he found .., and he began to explain them while they were crying until he (= darker) was overwhelmed by the night while he was receding, so he heard a night of movement that continued all night He and the children’s mother .., when they became and found a pile of meat a lot .. in their home, the Persians were transporting him throughout the night and they did not know where he was from! He was interpreted by that and they were taken from him, but they acquired something from him with abundance !!

The making of the aforementioned Imam Ibn Sirin and preparing it for sweets for each feast indicates that preparing them on the occasion of festivals is a very old habit, as is the preparation of feasts for feasts during feasts, and they called it salted fish; The tribe of Ibn al-Jawzi advised us - in the 'Mirror of Time' - that he had eaten Faisikh once after Eid al-Fitr, and he said in the translation of Sheikh Abdullah the Armenian ascetic (d. 631 AH / 1244 CE): "I was meeting with him [in Jerusalem], and it was agreed that on Eid al-Fitr I ate salty fish and I went up To his corner and we are talking. "

It was their custom to take advantage of the holidays to hold happy occasions such as the reign of the Crown Prince, the emirate’s tradition, and the circumcision of children. Al-Maqrizi tells us - in 'Hanafi Preaching' - that the Fatimid caliph al-Muizz (d. 365 AH / 975 CE) died when his death was muted [from Rabi ’al-Awwal] to the Day of Sacrifice (= Eid al-Adha), and his death was shown, so he rode [his son] dear by parachute, and preached himself and comforted Himself, and people greeted him as a caliphate, and rode to his palace. " Thus, Aziz made the feast an occasion to announce his assumption of the position of caliph!

It is similar to what was recorded by Al-Bandari Al-Isfahani (d. 643 AH / 1245 CE) - in 'Mukhtasarna Sana al-Sham al-Shami' - about the celebration of the appointment of the good king Ismail (d. 577 AH / 1182 CE), the son of Nur al-Din Mahmoud Zangi (d. 569 AH / 1174 CE); He said: "Nur al-Din ordered his son, the good king, Ismail on Eid al-Fitr, and we celebrated this matter, and the shops of Damascus were closed for days, and the palaces were built according to each, and they arranged the songs (= singers) with songs." As for circumcision, the most famous of which was mentioned by circumcision Khidr (d. 708 AH / 1308 CE) Ibn al-Zahir Baybars (d 676 AH / 1277 CE); It was stated by al-Dhahabi - in the 'History of Islam' - that “on the day of Eid (= al-Fitr 772 AH / 1370 CE) Khidr, the son of the Sultan, was circumcised in several boys among the children of the princes.”

Gentle methods,
perhaps its origins were what kings made from "khula", that is, the clothes that the sultan offers in honor of princes, notables, and notables. However, Islamic history contained models of cash gifts, given on the Eid to those whose blessings are sought, to the poor in charity and to scholars and writers as a matter of charity and honor; Among that is what Ibn Katheer mentioned - in 'The Beginning and the End' - that the Caliph Al-Mustansir (d. 640 AH / 1242 AD) sent "many days of Eid alms, a great blessing to jurists, Sufis and imams of mosques, at the hands of Muhyiddin Ibn al-Jawzi (d. 656 AH / 1258 CE) ".

As for the Fatimids, they knew this tradition, which they used to call in its name known today as “Eid”. Al-Maqrizi said - in 'Hanaf al-Hanafa' - that the Fatimid Caliph ... "decided to Sheikh Abi Ja`far Yusef bin Ahmed bin Hasdiya (Hasday) bin Yusuf (d. 530 AH / 1136AD) - the Israeli (= Jewish) origin - when he came from Andalusia and became a guest State [and he was a skilled physician]: current (= salary), winter and Eid clothing. " It appears that even the kings were receiving “feasts” with the gifts of feasts offered by their court men. This Ibn Dahiya (d. 633 AH / 1235 CE) tells us - in Al-Mutarab, that “he gave people on the day of Eid to the approved authority .. Ibn Abbad (d. 488 AH / 1095 AD) of what is given to the kings on holidays” !!

As for the envelopes of Eid, it was not what was given to the guests in kind without feeling in a very kind way, by stuffing cakes with gold dinars instead of sugar, or wearing sweets on a pistachio of gold! Al-Maqrizi mentioned - in "Hanaf Al-Hanafi" - the story of these two wonderful kinds of hospitality. He said in the translation of Al-Qadi Ibn Muysar (d. 531 AH / 1137AD): "And he who brought pistachios dressed with candy, he informed him that [Minister Al-Ikhshidi] Abu Bakr .. Al-Madarai (D 345 AH / 956AD) made cakes .. He made a substitute for filling sugar. Judge Ibn Muysar wanted to imitate Abu Bakr al-Madra’i in that. He made a bowl of it, but made pistachios wore candy and that pistachio was golden, and its people permitted it.

He was famous for serving cakes, clothing, nuts and dried fruits on the feast, and everybody was served according to his energy and according to his necessity. Here, Ibn Asaker narrates - in the 'History of Damascus' - his chain of transmission attributed to Khalid bin Yazid al-Murri (d. 166 AH / 782 CE), he said: "I saw one who is abused (the follower imam, d. 112 AH), separates his companions from raisins, meaning the day of Eid."

It was a ritual for many kings and princes on the feast to go out hunting; And from that what Ibn Tigray Bardi mentioned that Prince Tuluni "Khumrawiyeh (d. 282 AH / 896AD) used to hold a sword with feasts on the day of Eid, and he still spawned, promenade, and went out to places ... like the pyramids and the city of punishment ... For the sake of hunting, he was almost fond of it." He only hears a seven-year-old with men on them with flesh (= thick woolen blankets) and they enter into the lion and eat it by their hands from his forcible forest which is healthy "so they put him in a tightly-made wooden crate! Then the compiler punished our comparison between the customs of the feast in the two ages by saying: "Our feasts are now as funerals in relation to those feasts that preceded" !!

Fun and play
 The origin of playing on the day of Eid goes back to the time of the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him. Aishah had previously talked about her view of playing Sudan with bayonets on the day of Eid, and then the matter developed significantly. One of their most famous games on the feast was the game: “Throwing the Clog” which Ibn Wasil al-Hamwi (d. 697 AH / 1298 CE) mentioned - in Mufarraj Al-Karoub - that Sultan Nur ad-Din Zangi was passionate about it. And the Turkish title is: the pumpkin, and Al-Maqrizi explained it - in 'The Plans and Monuments' - so he said: "The cupcake is a very high wood, which is erected in the palm of the ground, and above it is made a circle of wood [similar to a lottery], and the archers stand with its two rocks and throw arrows at the circle so that It passes from inside it to a purpose there, as an exercise for them to tighten the throw, and this is expressed in terms of turkish.

If the knights and soldiers had their warlike games, then the children played their own games on the feast, including the fact that they were playing with nuts; According to Ibn Katheer - at the beginning and the end - from the news of the occult ascetic mysterious (d. 253 AH / 867 AD), he said: "I passed on the day of Eid, and if it is known (Al-Karkhi, 200 AH / 816 AD), and with him a small shabby (= shabby) case, I said: What is this? He said: This was standing with two boys playing with nuts while thinking (= worried), so I said to him: What do you not play as they are playing? He said: I am an orphan and I have nothing to buy with a walnut that I can play with. So buy the secret for him and rejoice!

We have already mentioned the news of the two female followers of Ansariyya and their singing of Aisha in the house of the Prophet, peace and blessings of God be upon him on the day of Eid. Perhaps this is what made followers see that singing and hitting the tambourine during the Eid from the Sunnah; Al-Dhahabi narrated - in the 'History of Islam' - on the authority of the great Imam Amer al-Sha`bi (d. 106 AH / 725 CE), that he said: “Ayyam (the Companion) Ibn 'Umar bin Al-Ash'ari (d. 80 AH / 699 AD) passed on the day of Eid and said: I do not see them Eating out of the Sunnah ?! [Imam] Hashim (d. 183 AH / 799 CE) said: “Decadence: beating with a rudder.”

The caliphs expanded after singing and singing and revived the Eid nights with ritual songs. Including what was reported by Ibn Al-Jawzi - in 'Al-Mandhem' - from the news of Harun al-Rashid (d. 193 AH / 809 CE) and his singer Al-Atheer Ibrahim al-Musli (d. 188 AH / 804 CE); He said: "Ibrahim al-Musli came on the day of the feast with the Rashid and sang it and sang it. He said: Oh Ibrahim, ask what you want ..."! Virtue talent his issue and honor him.

One of the manifestations of rejoicing at the feast and considering it a literary occasion in which poets receive the best rewards: throwing poems in the hands of kings, as some kings were keen to honor poets and hear from them on special holidays. The poet, the historian, Al-Yamani (d. 569 AH / 1174 A.D.) - mentioned in the 'History of Yemen' - from the Sultan of Yemen’s news, Muhammed bin Saba (d. 548 AH), said: “And I saw him on the day of Eid and the sun burned him in the chapel on the surface of the city of Goa (= city Departed now), and the poets are racing with the anthem, so he told me: Tell them - raise your voice - do not jostle! I do not until they empty, and they were thirty poets, then reward them all !!

Precious prizes,
and some of the celebrated Eid recitals, what Al-Nasiri mentioned in his book “The Investigation”; He said: "The poets prepared words that they chanted on Eid al-Fitr with a scene of publicity in the Sultan’s Council, and among the first among them in that field was the poet of the state Abu Faris Abdul Aziz Al-Malazwi (d. 697 AH / 1298 CE) .., he came with a long poem ..., in which he mentioned the Sultan's biography and his conquests, And the invasions of his sons and his grandchildren .., and were applauded by the Sultan’s report and the footnote, so he ordered for its originator a thousand dinars (= today approximately 170 thousand US dollars) and a caliphate and a chant of two hundred dinars. It is remarkable that the poetic women had a presence on these literary occasions; The Judge Al-Tanoukhi tells us - in the "Lecture of the Lecture" - saying: "I attended Baghdad in the Council of the King, the upper arm of the state (Al-Buwaihi T 372 AH / 983AD) on the day of Eid Al-Fitr, in the year of sixty-seven and three hundred poets chanting him. "!

The habit of releasing prisoners on holidays has long roots in our history. Ibn al-Jawzi said: “In the month of Rajab, Sha'ban, and Ramadan (402 AH / 1012AD), [Al-Buwaihi Minister] continued the pride of the king (d. 407 AH / 1017AD) alms ... and dispersed clothes, wheat, dates, dirhams and dinars on the day of Eid in the poor and needy, and rode to pray in mosques And the preachers and the muezzin gave clothes and dinars, and the [owners] gave up the imprisonment, and whoever was imprisoned in the judge’s imprisonment for a dinar and ten dinars spent on him, and whoever had the most residence of the sponsor and went out, so he released someone who was in the custody of aid whose crime has been reduced and his repentance has increased. Mosques, mosques and markets ".

Eid's releases were not limited to the garmin and their ilk. Rather, they included political prisoners and sometimes former rebels. Ibn Taghry Bardi states that “On the day of Eid al-Fitr in the year [764 AH / 1363 AD] he drew (= the order) of the Sultan (Al-Ashraf Shaaban d. 778 AH / 1377 AD) to release those who remained in Alexandria from the companions of [the rebel leader] Tabiqa al-Tawil (d. 770 AH / 1371 CE), They were released and attended, and they were taken out to the Levant, separated by unemployed!

If some prisoners were released by the government, then some of their prisoners released their initiative and took away their liberty themselves, taking advantage of the holiday atmosphere; Al-Dhahabi documented - in the "History of Islam" - the story of the flight of "Muhammad ibn al-Qasim ibn Ali ibn Umar ibn Zayn al-Abidin Ali ibn al-Husayn" (d. After 219 AH / 834 AD) who was one of the revolts against the Abbasids; He said: "He was arrested and brought to the [caliph] al-Mu'tasim in the month of Rabi 'al-Akhir of the year, the year nineteen [two hundred] and he was imprisoned with Samarra, then he escaped from his imprisonment on the day of Eid, and God hid him and the country commanded him!"

It is strange that what was included in the holiday releases was the release of the detained bodies. Ibn Katheer mentioned - in the beginning and the end - within the events of 237 AH / 852AD that “in the holiday of Eid al-Fitr, including the order of [the Caliph] al-Mutawakkil (d. 247 AH / 861AD), the removal of the corpse [of the crucified Imam] Ahmed bin Nasr al-Khaza’i (d. 231H / 846AD) , And the combination of his head and his body and to be delivered to his guardians, so people rejoiced with great joy, and at his funeral he met very much creation !!