(Fighting New Coronary Pneumonia) "Nature" latest research paper: two new coronavirus vaccines undergoing clinical trials
Chinanews.com, Beijing, July 30 (Reporter Sun Zifa) The internationally renowned academic journal "Nature" published online on the 30th in two papers on the latest progress in vaccine research, saying that a single-dose vaccine made from adenovirus and against the new coronavirus ( SARS-CoV-2) ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccines are both undergoing clinical trials. The two have been shown to protect non-human primates from the new crown virus and prevent rhesus monkeys from developing new crown pneumonia (COVID-19). ) Related lung injury.
Safe and effective new coronavirus vaccines have become the world's top priority. One of the papers published in Nature stated that a single-dose vaccine made from adenovirus can protect rhesus monkeys from the new coronavirus. Currently, the best version of the vaccine is being evaluated in clinical trials.
Vector-based vaccines use viruses to express fragments of target pathogens to stimulate the immune response. Adenoviruses are a group of viruses related to diseases such as mild colds and can effectively invade human cells. Vaccines based on adenovirus serotype 26 (Ad26) have been shown to induce immune responses to various pathogens in non-human primates and humans.
The corresponding author of the paper, Harvard Medical School Dan Barouch (Dan Barouch) and colleagues developed a series of Ad26 vectors encoding different variants of the new coronavirus spike protein and demonstrated the test on 52 adult rhesus monkeys result. Their research shows that these vaccines can cause an immune response, and can also provide partial or full protection against infection of the new coronavirus in the respiratory tract. This effect is considered to be necessary to prevent the spread and disease of the virus in humans, and the most effective The good vaccine Ad26-S.PP (vaccine name is Ad26.COV2.S) has now entered clinical trials.
The author of the paper said that a single dose of the vaccine can get a strong response, and a single dose of the new coronavirus vaccine has practical advantages over multiple doses of vaccine. However, they hope that the two-dose injection regimen of the Ad26-S.PP vaccine can produce a stronger immune response.
Another paper published by "Nature" pointed out that the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine against the new coronavirus is currently undergoing human clinical trials in the UK. The vaccine can cause an immune response and reduce the viral load of rhesus monkeys exposed to the new coronavirus. . The vaccine was found to prevent rhesus monkeys from contracting new coronary pneumonia, and the preliminary results of the research were used to promote the initiation of clinical trials of the vaccine in humans.
According to Vincent Munster, the corresponding author of the paper and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (Vincent Munster), ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 is a weakened chimpanzee adenovirus (a group that can cause a series of diseases including the common cold) Virus), which expresses the new coronavirus spike protein (a structure that allows the new coronavirus to enter human cells).
Vincent Munster and his colleagues have studied the efficacy of this vaccine against the new coronavirus in rhesus monkeys. They showed that giving 6 rhesus monkeys a dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 28 days before exposure to the new coronavirus can be Effectively prevent lung damage and greatly reduce viral load (compared with 6 control animals). The other 6 rhesus monkeys were vaccinated with two doses of vaccine 56 days and 28 days before the challenge, showing that their immune response was enhanced.
The author of the paper pointed out that there is no difference between the virus shed from the nose of the vaccinated animals and the control animals. This finding indicates that ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 may not prevent infection or transmission, but may reduce the disease. The research has led to a clinical trial of ChAdOx1 nCov-19 vaccine. As of early July 2020, more than 8,000 volunteers have participated in it. (Finish)