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Let the people eat well but still eat well-to consolidate the foundation of food security and secure China's rice bowl
Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, July 27th, title: Let the people eat well but also eat well-to consolidate the foundation of food security and secure China's rice bowl
Xinhua News Agency reporters Chen Jun, Chu Xiaoliang, and Meng Hanqi
Food is the heaven for the people. Solving the problem of feeding a population of one billion people is always the top priority of our party's governance of the country. General Secretary Xi Jinping has emphasized that the Chinese people's job must be firmly in their hands at all times. In recent days, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out during an inspection tour in Jilin Province that Jilin must put food security in a prominent position, and do not relax in grasping food production.
From the black soil in the northeast to the land of the Central Plains, to the land of fish and rice in the south of the Yangtze River, a reporter from Xinhua News Agency found in recent interviews that various localities are focusing on the development of modern seed industries, continuously improving the quality of arable land, and promoting green transformation... Chinese people hold the Chinese bowl with calm and strong hands. Not only eat well, but eat well.
More Chinese food in Chinese bowls
In the midsummer, the soybean fields of the Zixin Agricultural Machinery Farmers Cooperative in Hailun City, Heilongjiang Province have been closed. Fu Zhengwu, chairman of the cooperative, said that this soybean variety is "Dongsheng 17," with a normal annual yield of 400 jin per mu and a protein content of more than 40%. The "Dongsheng Series" is independently developed and cultivated by the Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. It has the characteristics of high yield, high oil, high protein, and lodging resistance, and has become the main variety in many areas in Heilongjiang Province.
In recent years, my country's grain crop breeding technology has continued to make breakthroughs and innovations, and the output of major grain crops such as corn, soybeans, and rice has continued to increase.
The third-generation hybrid rice was first tested in October 2019 and achieved a yield of 1046.3 kilograms per mu. The area for the improvement of saline-alkali-tolerant rice (sea rice) has increased to more than 10,000 mu. In 2020, the super hybrid rice variety "Super With the help of Yuan Longping's scientific research personnel, the cultivation of rice varieties in China has continued to innovate, and the output has repeatedly reached peaks.
Among the three major staple foods in the world, wheat breeding, the most difficult hybrid breeding, is also making new breakthroughs. In Shanxi, after 40 years of research, Feng Shuying, director of the Blue-Red Hybrid Wheat Research Center in Yuncheng City, Shanxi Province, successfully bred the world's unique "F-type male sterile wheat line" variety. The expert group evaluated that the heterosis of this variety is very obvious, which provides important technical support for my country to greatly increase the yield of wheat.
At present, the "F-type wheat male sterile line" has completed key scientific research. At the same time, the team completed the creation of the second generation "F-type wheat male sterile line". "The second-generation product has stronger heterosis and higher seed setting rate." Feng Shuying said.
Not only breeding good seeds, but also teaching farmers good grain. In the farmland of Bianzhao Town, Tongyu County, Baicheng City, Jilin Province, farmer Tang Jinhe’s corn is growing vigorously. Laotang’s farmland was “helped planting” by Professor Cui Jinhu of the School of Plant Science of Jilin University.
Last year, Cui Jinhu selected domestic high-quality varieties to conduct experiments on 90 acres of farmland and taught farmers scientific dense planting techniques, fertilization and irrigation techniques, and integrated pest control techniques. According to the expert team's measurement, the test field has an increase of 80.9% per mu compared with the adjacent best corn field. Under the guidance of Cui Jinhu this year, Tang Jinhe's family adopts a new operation method for production, and high yield and income increase are expected.
Groups of scientific researchers have worked tirelessly to climb, let Chinese grains use Chinese "seeds", let Chinese farmers grow Chinese grains, and continue to consolidate the foundation of food security.
Protect the fertile fields to make the Chinese rice bowl more secure
Increasing food production capacity depends not only on breeding good varieties, but also on growing good fields.
In Lianhuashan Village, Qianguoerluosi Mongolian Autonomous County, Songyuan County, Jilin Province, Liu Xijiang, the head of Shunxin Farmers’ Planting and Breeding Cooperative, said that in the past ten years and nine droughts, coupled with extensive planting methods, the black land at the foot gradually became thinner, and the farming income increased The less come.
Three years ago, the cooperative began to implement conservation tillage, returning corn stalks to the field after autumn harvest, and then directly planting them with no-tillage planters during spring ploughing. "Conservation farming can preserve moisture, reduce wind erosion, and increase the organic matter content of the land." Liu Xijiang said, corn production has increased significantly in just three years.
In order to effectively protect and make good use of the black land, the "giant panda in the cultivated land", in March this year, the "Northeast Black Land Conservational Farming Action Plan (2020-2025)" jointly issued by relevant departments proposed that the central government approved the There are channels to actively support the development of conservation farming in Northeast China, and strive to achieve 140 million mu of conservation farming by 2025.
High-standard farmland construction projects are also constantly advancing everywhere. Guangxi has built about 26.6 million mu of high-standard farmland, accounting for 48.45% of the basic farmland area; Anhui will build 46.7 million mu of high-standard farmland this year with concentrated contiguous, drought and flood protection, water-saving, high-efficiency, stable and high-yield, and eco-friendly.
Standing at the head of Luezhi Village, Zhizhi Town, Yongji City, Shanxi Province, a stretch of cornfields stretches across the horizon. Wu Shengkui, the party branch secretary of Luezhi Village, said that the cultivated land in the village is saline-alkali land. Everyone irrigates the land with well water, and the ground is white salt. After the construction of high-standard farmland, the village built canals, used Yellow River water to irrigate the land to improve the soil, and combined with the application of organic fertilizer, the quality of the cultivated land changed significantly.
Wu Shengkui told reporters that the 2,200 mu of arable land in the project area can save 94,600 cubic meters of water every year. The average wheat yield per mu has increased from 350 kg before the transformation to 381.2 kg, and this year the average yield per mu has reached 500 kg. "Watering, planting, fertilizing, and harvesting are all mechanized, with less manpower input and more income," he said.
High-standard farmland is easier to carry out scientific field management. At Baiao Green Farm in Da'an City, Jilin Province, the rice field is divided into neat plots, which are equipped with water level sensors and flow detectors, which can achieve the effects of water-saving irrigation and precise irrigation.
Focusing on the present and looking for the long-term, all localities promote the "hiding of grain in the ground", guard the red line of arable land, protect the fertile soil of fertile land, and add confidence to ensure food security.
Chinese bowls filled with food so that the people can eat well
Not only eat well, but eat well. With the steady increase in the number of grain production in my country, there is more room for improvement in green quality and realization of green production.
The Donghe Rice Farmers Cooperative Association of Qing’an County, Heilongjiang has planted 360,000 mu of rice this year, including 100,000 mu of organic rice and 260,000 mu of green rice. This planting structure is not the result of "braking your head." At the end of 2019, this cooperative association established a planting plan through big data analysis of the sales, transaction volume, and consumer evaluation of all directly-operated stores and online sales platforms across the country.
In order to meet market demand and create green organic agricultural products, "green agriculture" that reduces "fertilizer" and controls drugs is also being developed in various places. In Jixian Village, Baiquan Town, Dongliao County, Liaoyuan City, Jilin Province, Bian Zhenhua, head of the Brilliance Plantation Cooperative, said that in the past, the farming mainly used chemical fertilizers. After switching to organic fertilizers, “it clearly feels that the land is strong,” and the output is also small. improve. In the Minjiang Modern Agricultural Demonstration Park, Dongpo District, Meishan City, Sichuan Province, Li Xiangde, chairman of the Haoweidao Rice Specialty Cooperative, gave priority to adopting green pest control technologies, reducing pesticide use, and establishing a traceability system to make people feel at ease.
In order to grow rice with a better export sense, many farmers took the initiative to "slow down" and "let the land take a breath."
In the past summer harvest season, Xu Fang, a farmer in Shiji Township, Sihong County, Suqian City, Jiangsu Province, had no wheat on more than 3,000 acres of land, but she was not in a hurry. “The traditional planting method is one crop of rice and one crop of wheat. The soil fertility is overdrawn, and the quality of rice is also declining year by year.” After China launched the pilot farmland rotation and fallow system in 2016, Xu Fang tried to plant milk vetch instead of wheat and began to “nourish the land” ".
The flowers and plants have been planted for three years, and the thin fields become fat fields. "Zi Yunying is a green manure. At the end of April, it is the blooming season. Plowing Zi Yunying into the fields can increase soil fertility." Xu Fang said that crop rotation and fallow improved the quality of rice, and the price increased two or three times. With the improvement of soil fertility, the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides has also been reduced when planting the next season of rice. Many farmers in Jiangsu have tasted the sweetness like Xu Fang. The scale and scope of the pilot crop rotation and fallow farming have been continuously expanded, covering an area of more than one million mu.
To build a good brand with green quality as the guide. Wei Binhua, Director of the Market and Information Division of the Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, said that Guangxi started to use green food as the access standard in 2018 to create a "Guangxi Haoqi" agricultural brand catalog. A total of 199 brands were selected, with a total brand value exceeding 150 billion yuan. "Guangxi will expand and strengthen the'Guangxi Haoqi' agricultural product brand, so that the people can eat healthy and eat well."
Fill the bowl with grain, "green" produces "golden". While ensuring the quantity of supply, the effectiveness of deepening the structural reform of the agricultural supply side in various regions has continued to show, and my country's agriculture is developing in a green and high-quality direction. (Reporters involved: Wang Jian, Song Xiaodong, Xue Qinfeng, Wang Feihang, Zhao Jiulong, Chen Jian, Zhou Mian, He Wei, Jiang Gang, Wang Junbao, Wu Huijun, Jia Yunpeng)