From small to large, from weak to strong, the number of graduate students in my country in 2020 is expected to exceed 3 million——
Provide a smart engine for high-quality development
Core reading
The realization of the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation is inseparable from the support of talents and technology. From only 629 graduate students in 1949, this number is expected to exceed 3 million by 2020; from the “extremely rare” in the early days of the founding of the People’s Republic of China to the world’s largest graduate education country, China’s postgraduate education has undergone an early childhood The journey from weak to strong to achieve a historic leap.
Postgraduate education is the highest level of national education. It bears the dual mission of high-end talent supply and scientific and technological innovation. It is the main driving force for economic and social development and an important cornerstone for implementing innovation-driven development strategies and building an innovative country. In 1949, the number of graduate students in my country was only 629, and this number is expected to exceed 3 million in 2020.
General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that it is necessary to cultivate a large number of international-level strategic scientific and technological talents, scientific and technological leaders, young scientific and technological talents and high-level innovative teams, and strive to achieve major breakthroughs in forward-looking basic research and leading original results. The majority of educators are taking root in China, creating graduate education with Chinese characteristics and international influence, and promoting my country's graduate education from large to strong.
From "Rare" to "A Million Army"
Towards a postgraduate education powerhouse
For more than 70 years, from the initial "training of high-level specialized talents" to "an important part of the national innovation system", to "talent competition, an important pillar of scientific and technological competition, and the core element of building an innovative country", graduate education has always insisted on serving The national development strategy resonates with the development of the country and nation.
"Father of Hydrogen Bomb" Yu Min, Chief Scientist of the Lunar Exploration Project Ouyang Ziyuan, Chief Scientist of "China Sky Eye" Nan Rendong, and Chen Wei who developed the new coronavirus vaccine... These familiar names have a common identity-China's independence Cultivated graduate students. Their growth experience reflects the development of postgraduate education in my country.
In the early days of the founding of New China, the international and domestic situations were complicated, and the party and people were facing challenges. Under extremely difficult circumstances, the Party Central Committee attaches great importance to postgraduate education and regards the training of teachers and scientific research talents in higher education as the main goal of postgraduate education.
In 1949, 242 graduate students were enrolled; in 1978, the number of enrollment reached 10,700; in 2020, the number of enrollment exceeded 1.1 million... my country's postgraduate education has achieved a leap from "uncommon" to "millions of troops". A relatively complete discipline and professional system and talent training system have been gradually established. Since the founding of New China, more than 10 million graduates have been trained to provide talent support for economic and social development and international exchanges and cooperation.
Standing at a new starting point, graduate education must answer the exam questions of the times——
From the perspective of education reform and development, how to ensure the quality of education and take the path of connotative development while increasing the scale?
From the perspective of national innovation and development needs, how to provide more solid talent support for transforming development methods, optimizing economic structure, and transforming growth drivers?
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has attached great importance to education, prioritized education in a strategic position, and put forward the requirements for connotative development and building a country with higher education. The work of postgraduate education adheres to the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics in the New Era, and has embarked on a new journey of comprehensively deepening reforms and striding forward to a strong country in postgraduate education:
In 2013, a series of documents such as "Opinions on Deepening the Reform of Graduate Education" were released, highlighting the consensus of service demand and improving quality;
In 2014, the “five in one” quality assurance and supervision system was established, and the quality supervision of graduate education was continuously strengthened;
In 2015, the "Overall Plan for Coordinating and Promoting the Construction of World-Class Universities and First-Class Disciplines" was issued, sounding the charge to become a powerful country in graduate education;
In 2017, the "13th Five-Year Plan for Degree and Graduate Education Development" emphasized that graduate education is the main way to cultivate high-level talents and release talent dividends, is an important pillar of national talent competition and technological competition, and is the implementation of innovation-driven development. The core elements of strategy and building an innovative country.
In 2020, a new round of graduate education reform will be launched...
In particular, China has made breakthrough progress in solving some of the problems that have plagued the development of graduate education for a long time: the structure of talent training is optimized day by day; through the promotion of the reform of "delegation, management and service", the development momentum has become more focused on bottom-up and internal pursuit; Through the construction of key disciplines, the "211 Project", the "985 Project", and the "Double First Class" construction, we will accelerate the process of building a high-level university with Chinese characteristics.
At present, my country's graduate education has achieved the strategic goal of independently cultivating high-level talents, and the international influence and attractiveness of graduate education have increased significantly.
From Chang'e flying into the sky to the dragon entering the sea
Facing the country's major needs and the world's technological frontier
Chang'e flying into the sky, aircraft carrier launching, dragon entering the sea...Behind a series of major national projects, there are important contributions to graduate education.
On July 23, accompanied by a deafening roar, the sky drew a golden curve, and the Long March 5 Yaosi carrier rocket was launched at the Wenchang Space Launch Site in Hainan, sending China’s first Mars probe "Tianwen No. 1" Into the scheduled track. Li Dong, who graduated from Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, is the chief designer of the Long March 5 launch vehicle. He led the team to break through 247 key technologies in 12 categories, including large-diameter rocket body structure, new non-toxic and pollution-free low-temperature power, and completed the design, materials, technology, manufacturing equipment and test capabilities of China's rocket body structure from 3.35 meters to 5 meters. The comprehensive upgrade of
Like Li Dong, a large number of high-tech talents with postgraduate qualifications have become the mainstay of all walks of life.
In the construction of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, "Tongji wisdom" has been condensed behind the technical difficulties in the core technology of building artificial islands, the anti-seismic scheme of the tunnel, and the anti-wind scheme of the three large-span navigation bridges. Peking University described the immune microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma from the single-cell level for the first time, Northwest A&F University participated in the completion of the world’s first hexaploid wheat genome map, and the experimental team of Tsinghua University and the Institute of Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences discovered the quantum abnormal Hall effect for the first time, Xi’an, Chinese Academy of Sciences The femtosecond laser processing equipment of the Institute of Optics and Mechanics has solved the problem of high-quality processing of ultra-fine micro-holes in the core material of medical masks...Every major scientific research breakthrough has condensed the wisdom and efforts of a large number of graduate students.
In the prevention and control of the epidemic, more than 10,000 clinical medical doctors and master's degree postgraduates have adhered to clinical work positions; more than 60% of clinical medical degree postgraduates from Peking University, Fudan University, Fujian Medical University and other schools stayed behind to work in hospitals; Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Medical graduate students in Hubei universities such as Wuhan University and Hubei College of Medicine have adhered to the front line, effectively alleviating the shortage of medical staff...They have used practical actions to demonstrate the achievements of China's graduate student training and the spiritual outlook of high-level graduate talents.
A set of figures is shining: As the main body of postgraduate training, Chinese universities have undertaken more than 60% of the country’s basic research work and major national scientific research tasks such as the "973 Project", and produced more than 80% of the country’s high-level papers and social sciences Significant results. In recent years, colleges and universities have won more than 2/3 of the National Science and Technology Awards, and they have undertaken more than 80% of the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
A set of data is exciting: In 2019, more than 90% of the 139 new academicians across the country received postgraduate education in China, and nearly 80% were awarded the final doctorate or master degree by universities and research institutes in China; in 2018 Among the 224 general-purpose projects of the Three Science and Technology Awards, two-thirds of the first completers are PhDs independently cultivated by China. In 2018, among the staff of the National Natural Science Foundation of China, more than 50% of the postgraduate students accounted for graduate students. Graduate students have become important participants and contributors to my country's scientific research and innovation activities.
Adhering to facing the main battlefield of the national economy, facing the major needs of the country, and facing the frontiers of science and technology in the world, since the founding of New China, my country's graduate education has built a high ground for training top-notch innovative talents, and has provided more than 10 million high-level talents for the country. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, postgraduate education has played an increasingly prominent role in primitive innovation, basic research, and technological change, and has become a key force supporting and leading economic and social development.
"Graduate education bears the important mission of cultivating high-level talents and promoting scientific research and innovation. It is an important symbol of a country's development level and development potential. After more than 70 years of development, China's graduate education has become a powerful intelligent engine of the'China Speed'." The relevant person in charge of the Graduate Department of the Ministry of Education talked.
From Chinese characteristics to international recognition
Persist in establishing morality and fostering people while enhancing international influence
Science knows no borders, and scientists have a motherland. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized: "Having a strong patriotism is the first requirement for our country's scientific and technological personnel." As a fresh force and reserve force for the scientific and technological cause, graduate students "must be fastened from the beginning."
There is faith in the heart, responsibility on the shoulders, and strength under the feet. Wang Caizhong, a 2020 master's degree student in oil and gas well engineering at China University of Petroleum, will go to the western grassroots for employment after graduation.
"Persistence to the frontier is not necessarily about being vigorous every day, but more about perseverance in the ordinary. Not giving up, not wavering, not slack, is the best adherence to the ambition." Tsinghua University graduate Zhao Jiangtao has grown up He is a grassroots cadre in Hutubi County, Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, rooted in the frontier and made contributions.
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of my country, postgraduate education in our country has actively implemented the fundamental task of establishing morality, strengthening and improving postgraduate ideological and political education, and integrating ideological and political work into all links of postgraduate training. At the same time, the mentor team's awareness and ability to foster people have been continuously strengthened, and they have played a demonstrative and guiding role in the ideological and moral, scientific ethics, and academic integrity of graduate students. A large number of outstanding mentors such as Huang Danian and Zhong Yang have emerged.
Walking with the motherland, while completing the rapid development from small to large, the quality of postgraduate education in my country has also been significantly improved, international exchanges have become increasingly extensive, and the influence has continued to expand. As of 2019, 52 countries and regions, including major developed countries in the world such as Britain, France, and Germany, have signed agreements with my country for mutual recognition of degrees and qualifications.
Today, China has become the world’s largest source country for international students, the largest destination country in Asia, and the Asia-Pacific regional graduate education center. 91,000 graduate students from 203 countries and regions around the world are studying for master’s and doctoral degrees in China. China’s graduate education is on the international stage. Play an increasingly important role.
Only when you believe in your heart can you go far. The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China described the grand blueprint of "building a prosperous, strong, democratic, civilized, harmonious and beautiful modern socialist country", calling for higher-quality graduate education. Facing the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, and the acceleration of domestic economic transformation and upgrading, Chinese graduate education in the new era will embark on a new journey to achieve the "two centenary" goals and realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. The Chinese Dream makes new and greater contributions!
Our reporter Zhao Grace Zhang Shuo Wu Yue