World Weekly 丨Where will the Iraq-US relations in the five-year swing of the Iranian nuclear agreement go?

  Five years ago, on July 14, 2015, the space probe New Horizons historically leapt to Pluto.

  At the same time that the New Horizon was passing through the solar system from space, a more important thing happened on Earth, that is, an agreement was signed to comprehensively solve the Iranian nuclear issue.

  It has been 5 years since the Iranian nuclear agreement.

Data map: Iranian President Ruhani.

  On July 15, 2020, Iranian President Rouhani said in a cabinet meeting that Iran urged all parties concerned to end the arms embargo on Iran in order to save the Iranian nuclear agreement and multilateralism.

  On July 14, 2015, China, Russia, France, Germany, the United Kingdom, the United States and the European Union signed a "Joint Comprehensive Action Plan" with Iran in Vienna, referred to as the "Iranian Nuclear Agreement".

  Mehrini, head of EU foreign policy: Today is a historic day, and we are very honored to announce that we have reached an agreement on the Iranian nuclear issue. We have demonstrated courage, political will, mutual respect and leadership, and we have brought the common commitment to peace that the world hopes to make our world safer.

  The UN Security Council subsequently adopted Resolution 2231, which confirmed the important achievements of this multilateral diplomacy.

  But three years later, in May 2018, the United States announced its unilateral withdrawal from the Iran nuclear agreement, reinstated and added sanctions, and imposed "extreme pressure" on Iran.

  Iranian government spokesman Rabiere: The impact of the US withdrawal from the Iran nuclear agreement is incomparable with the impact of other (international) agreements that the US has abandoned. The US withdrawal from the Iran nuclear agreement isolates itself and humiliates itself!

  According to the statistics of the Ministry of Health of Iran, as of the 14th local time, the cumulative number of new coronary pneumonia diagnoses in Iran has exceeded 260,000. Iran is still the country with the most serious epidemic in the Middle East.

  Under the dual pressure of US sanctions and the spread of the epidemic, Iran is facing economic difficulties.

  On July 15th, the Iranian Ministry of Foreign Affairs issued a statement on the fifth anniversary of the signing of the Iranian nuclear agreement, saying that there are no other options besides the Iranian nuclear agreement to resolve the Iranian nuclear issue.

  Researcher at Baknina Russian Strategic Research Institute: The current UN arms embargo against Iran will expire on October 18, 2020, as part of UN Security Council Resolution 2231. This resolution confirmed the Iran nuclear agreement. Therefore, if the arms embargo on Iraq cannot be automatically lifted by then, it means that the Iranian nuclear agreement will be completely dead.

  On the 5th anniversary of the signing of the Iranian nuclear agreement, Iran’s Nataz nuclear power plant once again attracted attention.

  The Natanz nuclear power plant, about 300 kilometers south of Tehran, covers an area of ​​100,000 square meters. The power plant is 15 meters deep underground and is made of reinforced concrete. According to the 2015 Iran nuclear agreement, within 15 years after the entry into force of the agreement, the abundance of enriched uranium produced by Iran shall not be higher than 3.67%, and the relevant activities can only be carried out at the Natanz nuclear facility and subject to verification.

  But on July 2, 2020, a fire broke out in a plant inside the Natanz nuclear power plant.

  Satellite images released by the Middlebury International Institute of Monterey in the United States show that the building is likely to have exploded.

  The New York Times quoted an unnamed Middle Eastern intelligence official as saying, "The explosion was caused by an explosive device placed in the base." The Persian channel of the British Broadcasting Corporation announced that it received a self-proclaimed "motherland cheetah" The organization's email claimed that Natanz was attacked.

  In response to various speculations in the West, Iran said that "for security reasons," the cause of the accident will be announced at a convenient time.

  Mousavi’s spokesperson for the Iranian Ministry of Foreign Affairs: There is nothing there, it is a warehouse for storing items. Natanz’s main work has not stalled, the incidents have not had a significant impact on the activities there, and they will immediately rebuild and replace it.

  Reuters noted that since July, in just two and a half weeks, nine unexplained fires or explosions have occurred in Iran.

  Earlier on June 26, the arsenal of the Parchin military base near the Iranian capital Tehran exploded.

  A few hours later, there was a power outage in a small town in Shiraz, Iran’s sixth largest city. On July 3, a fire broke out in the town. On July 4, a power station in Ahwaz, the capital of Khuzestan Province in southwestern Iran, occurred. Fire; in the early morning of July 10, an explosion occurred in western Tehran.

  On the afternoon of July 15, a fire broke out in a shipyard called Delva near the Bushehr nuclear power plant in Iran. Seven ships were destroyed.

  Witnesses: Sunlight produced a small fire on one of the old ships. When I went to get the fire extinguisher to extinguish it, a flame burst out.

  Israel’s “Jerusalem Post” claimed that Israel’s F-35 stealth fighters had made long-distance attacks and carried out late-night sneak attacks on northern Tehran, while Iran’s air defense radar did not issue early warnings.

  Mousavi’s spokesperson for Iran’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs: If it is found that in addition to the “Motherland Cheetah” organization, there are external powers playing a role in this incident, then the Islamic Republic of Iran will definitely make a decisive and important response to this. They will see that the era of accident and escape has ended.

  Although Israeli officials did not express their views, Reuters noted that on May 13, US Secretary of State Pompeo ignored the pandemic and conducted a lightning visit to Israel. He also wore a mask printed with the flags of the United States and Israel.

  Researcher of Baknina Russian Institute of Strategic Studies: US Secretary of State Pompeo and US Special Representative for Iranian Hook visited the Middle East to gain the support of all Iranian opponents in the region, including Israel, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain and the UAE, but the United States The plan did not receive the support of all its allies.

  According to US "Defense News" disclosure, in March this year, the US Air Force successfully conducted a test flight of the new B61-12 tactical nuclear bomb thrown by the F-15E fighter jet produced by Boeing at the Nopa Proving Ground in Nevada.

  The minimum equivalent of B61-12 is only 300 tons, equivalent to one-fifth of the Hiroshima atomic bomb. More importantly, B61-12 already has ground-drilling capabilities, can carry out nuclear strikes on underground targets, and can be carried by light fighters such as F35 and F-15E without relying on bombers.

  "Defense News" believes that this greatly reduces the technical threshold for throwing "nuclear bombs."

  On July 13, the US Air Force and Boeing reached a $1.2 billion contract to purchase eight newly improved F-15EX fighter jets as a supplement to the F-35 fighter jets.

  The Israeli "Jerusalem Post" noted that another big buyer of F-15EX is Israel. At present, Israel is still applying for the purchase of eight KC-46 tankers produced by Boeing. This tanker is the perfect match for the shorter-range F-35 and F15.

  This series of fighter aircraft purchase operations could not help but remind people of the Babylonian operation on June 7, 1981. At that time, Israel dispatched 14 aircraft and refueled through the air, blowing up the nuclear facilities in Iraq.

  It took 13 years from the preparation of the Iran nuclear agreement to its final signing, and it is regarded as a model of the international community's cooperation after the Cold War.

  However, the United States, the most important party to the Iranian nuclear agreement, unilaterally tore up the Iranian nuclear agreement.

  A recently published new book by former Presidential National Security Assistant Bolton reveals the inside story.

  On June 23, the new book "House of Events: A Memoir of the White House" by former Presidential National Security Assistant Bolton was officially launched in the United States.

  In 2015, Bolton advocated the use of force against Iran in the New York Times. He also repeatedly called on the United States to withdraw from the Iran nuclear agreement.

  In 2018, Bolton served as the assistant to the President’s National Security Affairs without requiring a vote from Congress. Unlike Trump's "retreat group + dumping hawks", Bolton is seen as a tough "war hawks" against Iran.

  Bolton was Assistant White House Security Affairs: We will continue to increase pressure on the Iranian regime until Iran abandons its nuclear weapons program and ends its violent activities throughout the Middle East, including conducting and supporting terrorism around the world.

  In a recently published new book, Bolton wrote that when Trump asked for his views on the Iranian nuclear issue, Bolton focused on recommending a paper he published in the Chicago Journal of International Law in 2000, "We should take global governance seriously "?", which is hostile to the Global Governance Commission report "Our Global Partnership."

  Bolton emphasized that as globalists tried to restrict the use of force by the United States,

  "The next picture will be the battle between Americans and globalists."-Bolton

  "Using Americanism against globalism" also became the core idea of ​​Bannon, Bolton, Kushner and others in the White House policy circle.

  The withdrawal of the United States from the Iranian nuclear agreement has become an important step in the "American first" concept.

  Trump: Thank you very much! (Withdrawal agreement) will make the United States more secure, thank you very much!

  In the book, Bolton disclosed that when the leaders of France and Germany visited the United States in April 2018, they persuaded Trump not to withdraw from the agreement, and Macron also proposed a "new agreement" containing "four pillars." To retain the United States, the then British Foreign Minister Johnson made similar suggestions, but Trump was unimpressed.

  Johnson, British Prime Minister: We still believe that the "Joint Comprehensive Action Plan" ("Iran Nuclear Agreement") is the best way to prevent Iran's nuclear proliferation and to encourage Iranians.

  Bolton also believes that there is no consistency in US foreign policy, and diplomats can only follow Trump's feelings.

  Bolton: The fact is that the president does not like to listen to reports, he thinks he has everything he should know.

  However, in the eyes of the American media, Bolton and Trump have similar ideas. During 17 months as Trump's national security adviser, Bolton urged the United States to withdraw from international organizations and international agreements that he considers to be "defective", such as the "Iranian Nuclear Agreement" and the "Guidelines on Interim Guidance."

  Cambridge University professor Yi Si: The key is that the current US government unilaterally violates Security Council Resolution 2231, which is a very serious problem. In fact, almost no country has such a practice before, which shows that the US government has changed from multilateralism to unilateralism. The United States is committed to doing things in many international affairs, not only the Iran nuclear agreement, but also other fields. I think this approach is very irresponsible. In addition, what is more important is that we should not heed the United States, we need to continue to maintain the "Iranian Nuclear Agreement."

  Entering 2020, as the United States assassinated the commander of the Holy City Brigade in Iran and the spread of the new crown epidemic, Iraq-US relations have become more and more volatile.

  On June 29, Iran issued an arrest warrant to US President Trump and dozens of others, saying it involved the assassination of the Iranian "Holy City Brigade" commander Sulaymani and requested the assistance of Interpol.

  Looking back at history, we have been thinking about a question, why was the Iran nuclear agreement reached 5 years ago?

  There are two backgrounds worth noting. One is the financial crisis and the European debt crisis, which has made countries aware of the importance of international cooperation. The other is the crisis at the Fukushima nuclear power plant, which has made people aware of the severity of global nuclear safety issues.

  Nowadays, at a time when the global epidemic is threatened, international cooperation is even more needed. As a multilateral security framework established by the coordination of major powers, the Iran nuclear agreement is even more precious.