China News Service, July 15th, according to the Ministry of Education's website, the person in charge of the Ministry of Education's Textbook Bureau answered the reporter's question on the "Guidelines for Labor Education in Large, Middle and Primary Schools (Trial)" on the 15th. The person in charge said that in accordance with the actual situation of ordinary colleges and universities, the "Guidance Outline" emphasizes strengthening services and strengthening the training of teachers in labor education, and qualified colleges offer labor education-related majors.

The following is the full text of the question and answer:

1. The "Opinions" of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council were issued in late March of this year. Why did the Ministry of Education still issue the "Guidelines"?

  Answer: Labor education is the new requirement of the party for education in the new period, and it is an important content of the socialist education system with Chinese characteristics, which is of great significance. The "Opinions" are geared towards the whole society and comprehensively deploy labor education. The "Guidance Outline" is a supporting document for the "Opinions", which is mainly for the internal education system. Based on the "Opinions", it elaborates the relevant requirements and focuses on solving the problems of what labor education is, what it teaches, and how to teach it. Labor education has its own characteristics and laws, and its professionalism is relatively strong. To improve the quality and level of labor education, professional guidance must be strengthened.

2. There are different understandings of what is labor education in society, how is the "Guidance Outline" prescribed?

  Answer: The current phenomenon of neglecting labor is mainly manifested in the contempt for manual labor, especially for ordinary workers. The "Guidance Outline" reiterates the "mainly manual work, pay attention to the use of both hands and brain" put forward in the "Opinions", and further clarifies the connotation and characteristics of labor education, pointing out that "labor education is to play the educating function of labor for students "Love labor, love the educational activities of working people", it has three basic characteristics: First, it has a distinct ideological character, emphasizing that laborers are the masters of the country, and all labor and laborers should be encouraged and respected, against all unearned gains and advocating violence The wrong ideas of being rich and greedy for pleasure; the second is outstanding sociality, which requires students to be guided to the society, understand the society, strengthen the sense of responsibility, and experience the socialist social equality and harmonious new labor relations; the third is the remarkable practicality Practice is the main way to guide students to learn to build the world on the basis of understanding the world, to shape themselves, and to achieve the purpose of virtue, intelligence, physical fitness, and beauty.

3. What should be taught in labor education? What are the educational requirements? How does the "Guidance Outline" stipulate this?

  Answer: According to the "Opinions", the "Guidance Outline" has refined and specified the content of the target of labor education from the following aspects: One is to clarify the target framework of labor education, which includes establishing a correct concept of labor and having the necessary The four aspects of working ability, cultivating a positive working spirit, and developing good working habits and qualities; the second is to clarify the educational value positioning of the three types of labor education (daily labor education, productive labor education, service labor education); three It is to clarify the main content of labor education in elementary schools, junior high schools, ordinary high schools, vocational colleges, and ordinary higher schools and the specific requirements of the three types of labor education. All localities and schools can formulate a more specific list of labor education based on the requirements of the above three aspects in combination with the actual situation, and effectively solve the problem of what is taught in labor education.

4. To improve the quality of labor education, the problem of how to teach must be solved. How does the "Guidance Outline" strengthen guidance?

  Answer: At present, the problems of education without labor and labor without education in the school exist at the same time. The "Guidance Outline" clarifies the ways of labor education from four aspects: independent mandatory education of labor education, organic penetration of labor education in disciplines, arrangement of labor practice in extracurricular activities, and strengthening of labor culture in the construction of campus culture. The education compulsory courses, extracurricular labor practice time, and the labor week once every academic year have put forward specific requirements to incorporate labor education into the entire process of talent training to effectively solve the problem of education without labor. At the same time, labor education is not simply to allow students to sweep the floor and do housework. The "Guidance Outline" focuses on key links such as explanations, refining operations, project practice, reflection and communication, and example demonstrations. It strengthens specific guidance on labor education methods and methods. Students participate in labor practices, educate students about labor-loving and working people, and effectively solve the problem of labor without education.

5. Evaluation is also a matter of general concern to everyone. How does the "Guidance Outline" detail relevant requirements?

  Answer: The "Guidance Outline" emphasizes three points in the evaluation reform: First, formulate evaluation standards for labor literacy based on the goals of labor education, and focus on the evaluation and analysis of the formation and development of students' labor literacy; Comprehensive evaluation and student labor literacy monitoring are distinguished, and corresponding requirements are put forward; thirdly, modern information technologies such as big data, cloud platforms, and the Internet of Things are used to improve evaluation methods.

6. Since vocational colleges are originally studying labor technology, why should they strengthen labor education? What specific requirements does the "Guidelines" have for labor education in vocational colleges?

  Answer: A lot of labor is inseparable from technology and tools. Modern labor tools and equipment have high technical content. Labor education must strengthen technical learning guidance, but only technical learning is not a complete labor education. Labor education should use technology as an important carrier, cultivate students' labor emotion, labor capacity and labor quality, and work hard on the cultivation of labor quality.

  The "Guideline" clearly states that the focus of labor education in vocational colleges is to combine professional characteristics, enhance students' sense of professional honor and responsibility, improve the level of vocational labor skills, cultivate a positive work spirit and a serious and responsible labor attitude; The compulsory course for labor special education, no less than 16 hours, is mainly designed around the spirit of labor, the spirit of model workers, the spirit of craftsmen, labor organization, labor safety and labor regulations; at the same time, labor education is fully integrated into public basic courses and professional courses, focusing on training The professionalism of students, hard work, solidarity and cooperation, and rigorous and meticulous work attitude; also require vocational colleges to actively open training internship places, facilities and equipment to provide the services needed for ordinary primary and secondary schools and ordinary colleges.

7. What are the provisions of the "Guidance Outline" regarding labor education in ordinary colleges and universities?

  Answer: Combined with the actual situation of ordinary colleges and universities, the "Guidance Outline" emphasizes three requirements: first, to clarify the focus, strengthen the education of Marxist labor concept, focus on innovation and entrepreneurship, and carry out production and service labor in combination with disciplines and disciplines, accumulate Professional experience, cultivate creative labor ability and honest and trustworthy legal labor consciousness; the second is to stipulate the carrier, require to clarify the main courses, of which the undergraduate labor education compulsory course is not less than 32 hours, to clarify the labor matters and time in students' daily life , Organize labor week or labor month; The third is to strengthen services, strengthen the training of labor education teachers, qualified colleges and universities to open labor education related majors.

8. The primary and secondary schools are extensive and involve thousands of families. What does the "Guidance Outline" emphasize on labor education in primary and secondary schools?

  Answer: Compared with vocational colleges and universities, primary and secondary schools have their own characteristics. The "Guidance Outline" emphasizes five points in strengthening labor education in primary and secondary schools: First, lay a good foundation. Lay a solid foundation in labor concept, labor capacity, quality of labor habits, etc., pay attention to the development of labor habits in daily life, in terms of productive labor and service labor, mainly use labor using traditional tools and traditional crafts to guide students to experience The hardship and wisdom of the working people inherit the excellent traditional Chinese culture. The second is moderate safety. According to the age characteristics of students, the content of labor education should be arranged in an orderly manner, and safety and scientific operation standards should be formulated in the selection of venues and facilities, the selection of materials, the use of tools, equipment and protective equipment, and activity processes, and the education of labor safety should be strengthened. The third is to open the course. Have a week of mandatory labor education classes, and arrange necessary extra-curricular labor hours and labor week activities. The fourth is to pay attention to methods. Focus on stimulating students' initiative, enthusiasm and creativity in participating in labor practice. Fifth, home-school cooperation. Establish a school-led, family-based and community-based collaborative implementation mechanism, especially through parent meetings, parent schools and other channels to guide parents to establish a correct outlook on labor, clarify their parent’s labor education responsibilities, and allow parents to actively guide and supervise Children complete family and community labor tasks.

9. The "Guidance Outline" is truly inseparable from practical resource support and condition guarantee. What are the requirements of the Ministry of Education?

  Answer: Labor education is of great significance. All localities and schools should place labor education in a prominent position and effectively strengthen it.

  One is to strengthen organizational management. All localities and schools should clearly define the implementation agencies and personnel, and be specifically responsible for the planning and design of labor education, organization and coordination, resource integration, teacher training, process management, and summary evaluation.

  The second is to strengthen support and guarantee. All localities and schools should make reasonable planning and overall arrangements for the teachers, venues, facilities, and funding required for labor education to create the necessary conditions for the implementation of labor education. Establish and improve mechanisms for family-school social cooperation, teacher and student safety guarantee, labor education supervision, and assessment incentives to mobilize enthusiasm in all aspects.

  The third is to strengthen professional research and guidance. Establish labor education research projects, carry out special research and practical exploration. Organize labor education teaching and research activities, carry out research and development of labor education curriculum resources, promote the sharing and use of high-quality resources, and continuously improve the quality and level of labor education.

  Taking into account the large differences in various regions and the different types of education at all levels, the "Guidance Outline" has a process of gradual improvement through practical testing. Therefore, the "Guidance Outline" was first promulgated and implemented in a "trial" manner. I hope that all regions and schools will create more and better experiences during the trial period to help us revise and improve.