New form of education in epidemic situation
Editor's note
After several months, online teaching has taken root in the minds of teachers and students, and home-school co-education has sprouted in the relationship between teachers and teachers. In the future, how the new education ecology will appear and how the home-school mutual education will develop deserves our continuous attention.
For months of online education, the two main subjects of teaching-teachers and students, have experienced a long baptism. Online teaching has taken root in the minds of teachers and students, which will leave genes for our educational reform And continue into the future teaching.
1. A large-scale online education combat
The sudden new outbreak of pneumonia has shifted the main position of teaching and learning from physical classrooms to online, inadvertently triggering a global large-scale online education combat.
According to UNESCO's data, as of May 9, more than 1.2 billion primary and secondary school students in 177 countries around the world have suspended classes, accounting for 72.4% of the total number of students in the world. In China, there are about 200 million students studying at home.
As the first country in the world to implement the measures of "stop classes and stop teaching", during the epidemic, China's online education experienced various problems at the beginning, and it was correct and correct. Achieved the goal of "no suspension of classes".
During the epidemic, serving the main position of online learning for elementary and middle school students nationwide, the statistics of the national elementary and middle school network cloud platform in early May showed that the platform had reached 2 billion views and more than 1.7 billion visits. From the perspective of colleges and universities, statistics as of early May showed that 1,454 colleges and universities nationwide conducted online teaching, and 1.03 million teachers offered 1.07 million courses online, totaling 12.26 million. A total of 17.75 million college students participated in online learning, a total of 2.3 billion person-times.
2. A real exam
Looking back at this large-scale online education, we had to do it when we set off, but when we arrived soon, we found that it had a deep mark on the future development of education in our country.
From the perspective of teaching concept, it is a big test for the majority of schools and teachers, and also a high-intensity training for the majority of teachers. In this process, the majority of teachers take active actions, change their ideas, develop ideas, innovate teaching models, update teaching methods, innovate teaching methods, and conduct online education in various ways and ways.
From the perspective of infrastructure, it is a big test of my country's informatization infrastructure, the effectiveness of education informatization construction and related supporting mechanisms. During the SARS period, the main way for students to study at home is TV, and the Internet is only a very limited supplement. Nowadays, online courses are the mainstream, and this change is precisely due to the rapid development of information technology and the vigorous construction of my country's information infrastructure, including education information infrastructure.
This time my country's first "non-stop classes" has provided Chinese experience for the subsequent global "non-stop classes". This large-scale "non-stop classes" not only effectively resisted the impact of the epidemic on the education system, but also made a positive contribution to the stability of the epidemic of the war. It will also leave new genes for China's education reform and build new starting point.
3. Problems and deficiencies exposed by online education
However, some problems and deficiencies have also been exposed during the large-scale "no-stops" course:
Some teachers have insufficient online education experience, and many teachers’ education concepts and consciousness still remain in place, and online teaching is just a simple classroom move.
In the early stage of the outbreak, because some teachers were not familiar with online teaching tools and online teaching, the phenomenon of "car overturning" occurred frequently. This is a normal phenomenon, and it will improve after a certain period of time. But compared with the application ability of information technology, more complicated is the improvement of consciousness and concept.
Information technologies such as the Internet provide a broad space for educational reform. We need to make full use of the advantages of information technology to reconstruct the form of education and teaching, and we must never continue online teaching in the original offline manner. This requires the change of teachers' ideas and the change of teaching methods. But we can see that many online teaching is basically the moving of the classroom, and the main focus is on knowledge transfer. Obviously, we are still far away from the step of changing ideas and restructuring the classroom.
Insufficient information technology protection, the construction of informatization infrastructure still needs to be further strengthened.
Insufficient guarantee of information technology conditions is a major bottleneck in the online teaching. Here, the first is the problem of the software system. For example, some of our teaching systems pursue large and comprehensive functions, which are not practical. There is no problem in using them in a small area. However, once we encounter larger-scale visits, we often cannot bear them. During the epidemic, some teaching platforms were disconnected repeatedly, and some simple video conferencing systems showed their talents because they were simpler and more practical. Second, there is the issue of basic network security. Although network coverage has been achieved in most areas of the country, there are still areas where information infrastructure levels are uneven due to geographic location and economic conditions. At the same time, some students whose families are in financial difficulties do not have the terminal learning and network conditions, which we need to pay special attention to.
Compared with traditional classroom teaching, the effect of online teaching still needs to be improved, and home-school co-education has not yet formed a joint force.
Although the overall online teaching progressed smoothly and basically completed our educational teaching tasks, some professional surveys have shown that the effect is still weaker than traditional classroom teaching.
Online teaching is not as effective as traditional classroom teaching. First of all, we need to review teachers’ problems. In fact, compared with traditional teaching methods, informatized teaching has the advantages of intuitiveness, vividness and image. If the traditional teaching is likened to a "stage play", then the informatized teaching is equivalent to a "blockbuster" with sound and photoelectric means, which should bring a better learning experience. However, the current transformation of teachers from starring to director is not complete, and the actual effect of online teaching is still far from the expectations of teachers, students and parents, and needs to be further improved.
From a global perspective, the transition from traditional classrooms to online learning models also involves changes in learning scenarios, education and teaching methods, and adaptation and cooperation between students and parents. It turned out that during the school learning process, some of the teachers' responsibilities were forced to be transferred to parents. What role should parents play? How should students manage? These are all challenging new problems that deserve to be studied, and new methods and new laws need to be found in running-in.
Network security still needs to be improved.
200 million primary and secondary school students have been online for a long time. Students and parents often encounter games, bad information harassment and temptation, and some even encounter frauds such as fraudulent collection of learning fees due to lack of identity authentication. In addition, individual teachers and students' information was leaked due to weak protection, which caused teachers and students to have greater opinions. The emergence of the problem has pointed us to the next direction of education informatization, which is an informatization re-education of all educators.
4. Seize the opportunity to push education to a new form
Combining the experience and lessons of online education during the epidemic, the author believes that there are several key tasks that need to be promoted:
First, strengthen the ability of teachers to improve training and change the concept of awareness, as soon as possible to improve the quality and effectiveness of online teaching. Online teaching is actually a kind of pressure, which forces teachers to change the long-established teaching model, actively embrace "Internet +" and "artificial intelligence +", and give students a sense of gain with a new thinking and method. Not simply moving the classroom.
Second, strengthen the construction of informatization infrastructure, provide network guarantee for high-quality online education and strengthen safety guarantee. To fully guarantee the stable operation of online education, we must strengthen network construction in this area, especially the construction of a dedicated education network. In 1994, with the support of the state, we built the Chinese education and scientific research computer network CERNET, also known as the education network. In the test of the epidemic, the education network took the initiative to use the advantages of the network and technology to effectively guarantee the operation of online education and scientific research in colleges and universities. Unfortunately, CERNET currently mainly serves colleges and universities, lagging behind the majority of basic education schools. In the next step, based on CERNET's experience in construction and operation, we will combine resources from all sectors of society to build a true system-wide education network as soon as possible to serve all types of schools across the country. While strengthening the guarantee of network resources, build a fast, stable, green and safe educational special network, to the greatest extent to prevent all kinds of games and bad information from harassing teachers and students.
Third, gradually build a new model of education governance adapted to the development of online education. The current various evaluation and management measures are actually based on offline education and physical campus models. Online education needs to go down, it is necessary to strengthen teachers' information technology application ability and awareness concept, but it also needs to solve the problem of baton. A complete set of education governance systems including teaching management, teacher management, student evaluation, and teaching management Need to match the new teaching model. Teachers’ assessment management and students’ evaluation mode should be systematically adjusted according to the mode and characteristics of online education to stimulate teachers’ transformational power, fundamentally improve teachers’ ideas and consciousness, and truly integrate information technology and education.
Fourth, while reconstructing the new model of education, reconstruct the new model of homeschooling and society to educate people together. This problem is more complicated and involves many professional education issues, network sociology and psychology issues. It is also part of our new model of education and education in the Internet era. It requires teachers, students and parents to explore together, and it also requires deep participation of professional researchers. Find a practical and appropriate model and path.
Fifth, ensure a fair starting point in information technology. How to provide basic terminal facilities and network security for students from poor families is an unavoidable problem. Even if the number is small and the investment is large, it needs to be completely resolved.
Sixth, mobilize the enthusiasm of all parties to create a good ecological environment for education and information. At present, the Ministry of Education is preparing the "Middle- and Long-Term Development Plan for Educational Informatization (2021-2035)" and the "Fourteenth Five-Year Plan for Educational Informatization", and will issue guidelines to promote the development of "Internet + Education". Further standardize the guidance and incentives to promote the healthy and sustainable development of online education, give full play to the positive role of online education in education reform and innovation, and strive to promote the integration and development of "Internet + education". At the same time, education informatization 2.0 will continue to be promoted. Teaching applications should cover all teachers, learning applications should cover all school-age students, and digital campus construction should cover all schools. The level of informatization applications and the general literacy of teachers and students should be generally improved. Large platform.
The school is not just a physical space for imparting knowledge, but also a growing environment for students' comprehensive development. No matter how online education develops, schools cannot be replaced by the Internet. The author believes that in the future online education will be integrated into physical education, thereby urging the birth of education to a new form.
(Author: Lei towards AIDS, Ministry of Education, Department of Science and Technology Division)