(Fighting against New Coronary Pneumonia) The latest research: The difference of plasma neutralization ability of the recovered person is big
China News Service, Beijing, July 13th (Reporter Sun Zifa) Springer Nature's international professional academic journals "Nature-Medical" and "Nature-Structure and Molecular Biology", published on the 13th about the new coronary pneumonia (COVID- 19) The latest research paper of the epidemic said that the neutralization capacity of the plasma of the recovered patients is very different; two small and stable nanobodies derived from llamas can neutralize the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2).
A study published in "Nature-Medical" by Adam Wheatley, University of Melbourne, Australia, collaborators and colleagues found that the plasma of 41 adult patients with new coronary pneumonia in Australia contains a large amount of "spike" against the new crown virus Antibodies, memory B cells (a class of white blood cells that produce antibodies) and circulating follicular helper T cells (cTFH cells, a class of white blood cells that regulate B cell immunity), but these antibodies neutralize and block viral binding The capabilities are uneven. The study also found that although all patients with new coronary pneumonia have shown multiple features of immune recognition of the new crown virus spike glycoprotein (this protein can promote the virus and cells to merge into the cell), but the plasma neutralization ability of each patient is different Far away.
They believe that the results of these studies indicate that B cells and cTFH cells with specific surface and functional characteristics may not be useful targets for future vaccine research and development, and further large-scale cohort studies are needed to understand the neutralization of cTFH cells and different vaccines. Interactions between antibodies.
According to a paper published in "Nature-Structure and Molecular Biology" by James Naismith and colleagues of the Rosalin Franklin Institute in the United Kingdom, human antibodies have the same heavy and light chains as most mammalian antibodies. Chains, and camelids such as llamas, there is also a variant of an antibody with only a single heavy chain, also known as Nanobody. Nanobodies are small and stable, and are easy to prepare. Therefore, they are often used to replace traditional antibodies for diagnosis and imaging. Nanobodies are currently being developed as new coronavirus research tools and potential therapeutic drugs.
They reported two closely related Nanobodies (H11-H4 and H11-D4) in the paper, which can block the binding of the new crown virus "spike" and ACE2 in cell culture. Both of these Nanobodies show the ability to neutralize live neocoronavirus, of which H11-H4 has particularly high titers, and the combination with human antibodies can also enhance the neutralizing ability.
The researchers believe that these Nanobodies can be used alone or in combination with other antibodies to help patients with severe new pneumonia achieve passive immunity. They also reminded that since camelids-derived antibodies are highly conservative to human-derived antibodies, they may only produce a low immune response in the human body, but they can use well-developed humanization strategies. (Finish)