Focus interview: How to prevent poverty and return to poverty? These help measures solve big problems
CCTV News (Focus Interview): A decisive battle to get rid of poverty, a half-ninety person who walks a hundred miles will retreat if he does not advance. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that it is necessary to speed up the establishment of a monitoring and assistance mechanism to prevent poverty, to strengthen the monitoring of poverty-stricken households, households at risk of poverty, and households whose income or expenditure has suddenly increased due to epidemics or other reasons. Support measures. In some places, some poor households have already got rid of poverty and embarked on the road to prosperity. However, due to various reasons, a slight disturbance may return to poverty. How to stabilize their poverty alleviation effect and continue to move forward is related to whether poverty alleviation can be achieved as scheduled. Let's go to Handan City in Hebei Province and Lu's County in Henan Province now.
Fang Xiangkui, 40, is a native of Wei County, Handan, Hebei. Over the years, a family of four has been living on sheep. At the end of 2017, Fang Xiangkui's family finally got rid of poverty, but when he was planning to expand the scale of breeding to improve his life, his wife suffered from malignant tumors and spent most of his family's savings. The burden of the whole family was on Fang Xiangkui's shoulders on. In order to cure the disease, Fang Xiangkui spent 150,000 yuan before and after. In addition to medical insurance reimbursement and serious illness assistance, individuals also have to pay 50,000 yuan, which can ruin their family.
In Wei County, families like Fang Xiangkui are not a minority. They have little income and just crossed the poverty line. They are called marginal households. There is also a category of people whose income is above the poverty line, but their income is also very low, within 1.5 times the poverty line standard, according to the 2018 standard, which is less than 4,800 yuan, they cannot enjoy the poverty alleviation policy, which is called Unstable households. What these two types of people have in common is that they are hovering around the poverty line. Once there is a change in life, they can easily fall below the poverty line. Taking Handan City, which belongs to Wei County, for example, 200,000 people got rid of poverty in 2016, but at the same time, nearly 50,000 people became poor and returned to poverty.
Gao Hongzhi, secretary of the Handan Municipal Party Committee in Hebei, said: "Poverty and return to poverty are mainly caused by two major reasons, one is a sudden increase in expenditure, and the other is a sudden decrease in income. For the sudden increase in expenditure, we found through work that there are three main reasons for illness. , As a result of learning and disasters, we have established a poverty prevention fund."
In order to help these two types of people wandering around the poverty line, Handan City set up a precision poverty prevention fund in Wei County in 2017. There are 800,000 rural population in Wei County, and about 80,000 poor households and low-income households most likely to return to poverty. According to the standard of 50 yuan per person, the county finance will provide a precision poverty prevention fund of 4 million yuan each year as insurance money, which is handed over to the insurance company for management. As long as the annual per capita disposable income of the family is below the rural minimum living security line, or if the expenditure due to illness, school, accident or industrial risk exceeds a certain amount, insurance claims can be applied for.
The biggest feature of this mechanism is that it protects not the individual, but the 800,000 rural population of the county. Every month, the medical insurance, education, civil affairs and other departments will screen out qualified personnel and submit them to the insurance company to check in, and then submit them to the public security, banking, housing management and other departments for review. This is how the Fang Xiangkui family was accurately identified. . Because of medical insurance and anti-poverty insurance compensation, Fang Xiangkui's wife's medical expenses of 150,000 yuan ended up being only about 10,000 yuan.
Fang Xiangkui said: "The microloan granted me 50,000 yuan. I used the money to start raising sheep. Step by step today, my life is getting better. If this continues, it is expected that there will be more than 100,000 yuan a year. income."
So far, Handan City has helped 3,305 eligible poor and low-income households through the Anti-Poverty Fund and distributed more than 37 million yuan in anti-poverty funds. Reducing expenditures and increasing incomes is the key to preventing poverty in Handan City. There is an anti-poverty fund to reduce expenditures, so how can we increase income? In Handan, there are many unstable households and poverty-stricken households who are vulnerable to poverty because they need to take care of the elderly and children and cannot go out to work, so what should they do? Handan's answer is to build a "micro-factory for poverty alleviation" in rural areas. The so-called "poverty alleviation micro-factory" is funded by the government, using the idle land of each village, constructing micro-factories ranging from 800-2000 square meters, and then leased to enterprises on preferential conditions.
For enterprises, the biggest benefit is a significant reduction in rents; for villagers, the biggest benefit is that they can work at home and earn money. Cheng Moqing is a poor household in Guo Village, Daming County. Because her husband died and her mother-in-law was paralyzed, she alone had two children and could not go out to work. Now she is looking for a job in a micro-factory at her doorstep.
At present, Handan City has established 590 village-level "poverty alleviation micro-factories", driving 40,000 people to work at their doorsteps, including more than 10,000 poor people, with an increase of 20,000 yuan per capita. Handan solved the problems of poverty-stricken households and marginal households that are prone to poverty and return to poverty through poverty prevention funds and “poverty alleviation micro-factories”.
In the same way, in order to prevent poverty-stricken households and marginal households that are vulnerable to poverty from returning to poverty, poverty-stricken households have also worked out a way. Tian Manxing and his wife are villagers of Lushigou Village in Lushi County. They used to go out to work to earn money. They grow Chinese herbs at home and take care of two children. Their lives are still decent. However, in February of this year, Tian Manxing suddenly suffered facial paralysis. Not only did he spend many years of savings in treating the disease, but he also basically lost his ability to do heavy physical work.
Lushigou Village is located in the Qinba mountainous area. The climate and environment are very suitable for the cultivation of Chinese medicinal materials, and the income is also good, but the disadvantage is that the investment is large and the cycle is long. Tian Manxing couldn't go out to work, so he wanted to have a variety of Chinese herbal medicines at home with his wife, but the funds became a "blocker."
Tian Yinxing's wife Zhen Yinhong said: "I have to pay for three years, and I have some financial difficulties. If I invest 1 mu of land, I will get six or seven thousand yuan. If I plant 10 mu of land, it will cost six or seven thousand yuan."
As far as Tian Manhang is concerned, as long as there is some start-up capital for them to plant Chinese medicine, they will not fall below the poverty line, but they have no funds. At the time of trouble, the turnaround suddenly appeared. In May this year, in order to consolidate the effectiveness of poverty alleviation, Henan Province included non-poor households with annual per capita net income lower than 1.5 times the poverty line standard into the scope of protection, and marginal households like Tian Manxing near the poverty line can enjoy In the past, only poverty-stricken households could enjoy such policies as financial poverty alleviation, industrial support, employment support, and bottom-up security.
In the past, the Tian Manxing couple also considered bank loans in the past, but they needed collateral or a guarantor, and it was difficult for them to provide. However, after the introduction of the new policy, Tian Manxing can borrow on his own credit.
Chen Zhanle, deputy secretary of the party committee of Panhe Township, Lu County, Henan Province, said: "Just go to the financial service department in the village and bring your own account book, ID card and other relevant documents. What we take is that we only need to run once and get the loan within 4 days. ."
This seemingly simple loan process is supported by a huge system. In the past, there have always been problems with poverty alleviation loans such as banks daring to lend, poor households unwilling to lend, or having trouble getting loans. In order to solve these problems, since 2017, Lu's County has established four systems of financial services, credit evaluation, risk prevention and control, and industrial support, and has established three levels of financial service networks at county, township, and village levels, with service outlets covering all administrative villages. . Now, as long as all farmers in the county meet the conditions, they can borrow money at their doorstep with their own credit.
Feng Haipeng, director of the Financial Services and Big Data Center of Lu County, Henan, said: "If you are rated A or above, this meets the conditions of our credit reporting, and you can start lending."
Tian Manxing and his wife were rated as A-level letter users. They applied for loans and after verification by the financial poverty alleviation service department, only two days later, 50,000 yuan arrived. The husband and wife quickly took advantage of the season and planted 5 acres of atractylodes.
This 50,000-dollar credit loan can be said to be a "just-in-time rain." It brought back the Tian Manxing family who were swinging on the edge of the poverty line, and their future life was also guaranteed.
Song Yunting in Shiziping Township, Lu County is just like Tian Manxing, a beneficiary of financial poverty alleviation, but his situation is more difficult. His wife was identified as a poor household in 2015 because of a physical disability. But at that time, Song Song was in good health, and he quickly got rid of poverty by working and making bag mushrooms. However, in 2018, the old Song underwent surgery and it was very difficult to make money.
It takes a lot of energy to grow shiitake mushrooms, and it is difficult for the old Song family to do it. Although the local government solved the minimum living allowance for the old Song couples and provided a public welfare position as an ecological forest ranger, their income has always just exceeded the poverty line a little, and they may return to poverty at any time. The county believes that a family like Laosong who is incapable of working can hardly achieve poverty alleviation by relying on his own efforts, and can only rely on outside help. To this end, the county has designed six types of cooperation methods including "farmers + cooperatives" and "farmers + leading enterprises".
Lao Song chose the "farmers + leading enterprises" cooperation model, using a 50,000 yuan poverty alleviation micro-credit loan to buy more than 20,000 bags of mushroom sticks from leading enterprises, and managed under the technical guidance of the enterprise. When the mushrooms matured, Enterprises will also come to buy.
Driven by financial poverty alleviation, the poverty population in Lu's County has rapidly decreased. On February 28 this year, Henan Province officially announced that the last batch of 14 counties, including Lu's County, had all been lifted out of poverty. As of the end of May of this year, there were 586 marginal poverty-prone households and 2,166 households in poverty-stricken households. Focusing on these two types of people, Lushi County continues to play the role of financial poverty alleviation, and devotes itself to this last hard bone.
General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that it is necessary to maintain the stability of the poverty alleviation policy, and to the poor counties, poor villages, and poor people who withdrew, it is necessary to maintain the overall stability of the existing assistance policies and give them a ride. Judging from the practices of Wei County and Lu's County, first of all, there should be a set of accurate and efficient monitoring system, which can be found in time for people who are prone to return to poverty; People and people at risk of returning to poverty can get timely support. With the help of the government, coupled with the efforts of the villagers, the cornerstone of the decisive battle against poverty will definitely be stronger.