Parking lot construction needs more effort (in-depth observation)
In recent years, the difficulty of parking has been initially alleviated in some places, but many cities still face huge parking pressures. According to estimates, there are about 80 million parking spaces in the country.
Strengthening the construction of parking lots can not only meet the urgent needs of the people and improve the city's operating order, but also help to boost automobile consumption, provide an important starting point for expanding consumption and unlocking the potential of domestic demand, help to drive other industries to recover through the automobile industry, and help to directly drive Effective investment to form a new market with trillion-scale scale
Since the Central Economic Work Conference held at the end of last year emphasized the strengthening of urban parking lot construction, this year's "Government Work Report" proposed "promoting automobile consumption and vigorously solving parking difficulties", and parking lot construction is expected to renew its efforts.
How fast is the growth of private cars in my country?
In 2003, less than 6 million units; in 2014, more than 100 million units; at the end of 2019, it exceeded 200 million units, reaching 207 million units!
Driving into the automobile society in an instant, many cities have not yet prepared well, space is limited, parking spaces are scarce, "difficult parking, parking chaos" frequently appear-roadside parking spaces are full, parking spaces in hospitals, shopping malls, office buildings, residential areas are difficult to find, in front of shops , Backstreets, alleys and pins under the viaduct, even green spaces, sidewalks, bicycle lanes, fire escapes, and roads are often crowded... parking is difficult, it hurts the owners, disturbs the residents, disrupts the order of the city, and suppresses cars Consumption, domestic demand release. Many residents look forward to: parking lot, refueling!
Since the Central Economic Work Conference held at the end of last year emphasized the strengthening of urban parking lot construction, this year's "Government Work Report" proposed "promoting automobile consumption and vigorously solving the problem of parking difficulty". Parking lot construction is expected to exert force. What is the significance of strengthening the construction of parking lots, what other problems are facing and how to solve them? Recently, reporters conducted investigations and interviews in Beijing, Jiangsu, Guangdong, Chongqing and other places.
Improved
Cars "go upstairs", no parking in Hutong-more and more cities pay attention to parking problems, and some places have initially eased the tension of parking spaces
"Cars go upstairs", Hutong does not stop, spacious and refreshing!" I heard that reporters surveyed and interviewed parking lot construction problems, and residents of Suzhou Hutong praised it.
Suzhou Hutong is a part of Jianguomen Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing. Over the past 20 years, there have been a lot of private cars in the alley. The space is crowded, the traffic is congested, and walking is inconvenient. In April 2018, a fire broke out in a house in the Hutong, and the fire trucks could only "glare" at the mouth of the Hutong, and finally connected multiple fire hoses to extinguish the fire. "It won't work if you don't solve it!" In October of that year, government departments started parking management.
Find out first. The registration of residents of community organizations, excluding those working nearby and working temporarily, requires more than 200 parking spaces.
Think again. The alley is slightly wider and can hold 119 cars. Not enough to "stack" up-use the two municipal land in the east and west of Hutong to build a new steel structured three-dimensional parking building with 3 floors and 87 parking spaces.
At the beginning of 2019, the parking building was completed and all illegal parking was cleared. The vehicles were put in their respective places, and the people commended them.
During the investigation, the reporter found many welcome changes:
In the business district of Three Gorges Square in Chongqing, a company responded to the unit's call to build a parking lot and spent more than RMB 10 million to build a two-story parking lot and open it to the outside. The society benefits, and the unit does not lose money: the average daily profit of one parking space is 40 yuan, and 96 parking spaces return to one million yuan a year. The profit is expected.
In Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, the demolition and resettlement community of Pizhou Binhu Jingyuan, where public spaces were once "divided" by raising chickens, growing vegetables, earthen toilets and parking, ushered in a big "face change"-greening, fitness, leisure, firefighting In addition, 460 parking spaces were allocated to the remaining more than 8,000 square meters to allow vehicles to be parked in an orderly manner.
Overall, in recent years, more and more cities have paid attention to parking issues, and the tension in parking spaces in some areas has been initially relieved. This also benefits from the gradual improvement of the top-level design-in August 2015, the National Development and Reform Commission and other seven departments issued the "Guiding Opinions on Strengthening the Construction of Urban Parking Facilities", which issued a strong signal to all parties and also clarified the ideas, principles and specifics. Plan; one or two years later, relevant departments have introduced policies from the perspectives of planning, construction, land use, fees, equipment, and law enforcement. "The policy framework at the national level has basically taken shape, so that there are rules to follow everywhere, so that the parking lot construction has gradually improved." Zhao Yixin, president of the Transportation Branch of the China Urban Planning Institute.
To break through
There are about 80 million parking spaces, and some communities even staged a "parking war"-benefiting people's livelihood, promoting consumption, and stabilizing investment, all of which need to strengthen parking lot construction.
"What time is it? There is no place!" At 7:30 in the morning, when the reporter drove to the "P+R" (transfer) parking lot of the Anheqiao North Station of the Beijing Subway, the administrator waved his hand and refused to enter.
Parking, changing the subway, two yuan a day, convenient and cheap makes the "P+R" parking lot very popular as soon as it hits the ground. But the problem is coming, like the Anheqiao North Station, the four "P+R" parking lots around the park and more than 700 parking spaces are not enough, and many "late arrivals" park illegally. Roughly counted, there are no fewer than 300 vehicles in violation.
Such scenes are not uncommon around us-in Chongqing, the morning rush hour has passed, and there is still a long queue of vehicles in front of a hospital, with an average waiting time of more than half an hour; in Nanjing, an old community has little space, few parking spaces, and no In the property, a "parking space war" is staged every day, and some residents worry, "Want to buy a car, but where can I buy it?"
In the face of the ever-growing automobile "army", some cities lack the power to parry. The reasons behind it are not complicated: there are many historical debts and large gaps in parking spaces.
The historical debts are mainly due to the accumulation of gaps in the allocated parking spaces over the years. Before 2000, there was no standard or extremely low parking space; from 2000 to 2015, the standards in various places were generally raised to 0.6-0.8 parking spaces per household, but they could not meet the demand. There is a serious shortage of parking spaces in many residential areas.
How many parking spaces are we missing? According to international experience, the ideal ratio of parking spaces to car ownership is between 1.1 and 1.3, of which "1" is the basic parking space, and the rest are travel spaces. In 2015, the National Development and Reform Commission once estimated this proportion of my country: about 0.8 for large cities, about 0.5 for small and medium-sized cities, and a total gap of more than 50 million parking spaces. "In the past five years, the number of private cars has doubled, but the pace of parking lot construction is relatively backward." Cheng Shidong, director of the National Transportation and Reform Commission's Urban Transportation Center, made the judgment: the current gap has risen to about 80 million.
During the investigation, many experts said that under the background that the current epidemic has hit the global economy and the downward pressure on my country's economy has increased, it is becoming more urgent and important to strengthen the construction of parking lots.
——Conducive to improve the environment for automobile consumption, break the bottleneck, and then activate the huge potential of domestic demand.
Hedging downward pressure on the economy and expanding consumption are an important part. "The traditional bulk consumption of automobiles can and should be an important starting point for expanding consumption and unlocking the potential of domestic demand." Cui Dongshu, secretary general of the National Passenger Car Federation, analyzed that the proportion of automobile consumption in China's total retail sales of consumer goods has remained at 1 for many years. Around /10, "What is more valuable is that it has a bright future-today, the household penetration rate of color TVs, washing machines, refrigerators and other appliances exceeds 95%, and the urban per capita housing construction area is also close to 40 square meters. The main focus is on upgrading and upgrading. However, the number of thousands of cars in China is only over 180, which is still far from the level of 500-800 cars in developed countries. Two thirds of households do not have private cars, and there is considerable room for growth."
"Different departments across the country have introduced some measures to stabilize and expand car consumption, but parking difficulties have inhibited some residents' willingness to buy cars, and some cities are afraid to let go of restricting purchases and encouraging new car consumption." In Cui Dongshu's view In order to boost car consumption, it is necessary to strengthen the construction of parking lots and break the outstanding bottleneck in the use of vehicles, which is difficult to park.
——It is conducive to driving the recovery of other industries through the “leadership” of the automobile industry, helping to do a good job of “six stability” and implementing the tasks of “six guarantees”.
The automobile industry has a large number of employees, a long industrial chain, and a large tax contribution. It is an important pillar industry of the national economy. Last year, my country's auto industry-related taxes accounted for the total tax revenue, and the number of related employees accounted for about 10% of total urban employment. "The auto industry's "leadership" has risen, which can not only promote the recovery of the upper and middle reaches of machinery manufacturing, iron and steel metallurgy, rubber, glass, textile and other industries, but also pry the sales, maintenance, finance, auto beauty and other service industries to resume development." Cui Dongshu said .
——It is conducive to directly driving effective investment and forming a trillion-scale new market.
"The more complicated the situation, the more important it is to play a key role in investment. The construction of a parking lot is a precise, effective, and considerable investment in transportation infrastructure." Cheng Shidong calculated the book: filling the gap of 80 million parking spaces, roadside parking, shared parking The simple increase of parking spaces in the community can only solve a small amount, and most of them need to be built. "Even if most mechanical parking garages with lower unit prices and around 30,000 yuan are used, direct investment can reach trillions or even trillions of yuan. ."
Who will build
It will take more than 30 years for some companies to recover their costs, and some companies will only have a small profit for 10 years-they should adhere to market operations, optimize the development environment, and give play to their strength
Who will build the parking lot? "Parking spaces are similar to commercial houses. They are for personal use and strong exclusivity. It is difficult for government departments to meet demand alone. They should insist on market operation and give play to their strength." Liu Ju, deputy director of the China Urban Public Transport Association, said.
How motivated is the company? During the investigation, the reporter found that although many state-owned enterprises have been involved in the construction of parking lots in recent years, some social capital is watching. Even if they invest in the parking industry, they are mostly smart parking, service management, etc., and they are not very enthusiastic about the construction link. In a word, industrialization is not ideal.
What's the problem? The reporter asked the company to talk about -
Chen Xiaofeng, the person in charge of a public parking lot in Pengyuan Scenic Area in Xuzhou, showed his family: the underground garage had a large investment, 410 parking spaces, and the cost was about 100 million yuan; it was close to the scenic area and the hospital, and the parking turnover rate was high, but due to the low local charges, 5 yuan/2 hours, the annual net income is less than 3 million yuan. "Without interest, it takes more than 30 years to recover the construction cost statically, and many small and medium-sized enterprises may not be able to bear it."
Zhai Kaihong, the chief engineer of Jingneng Wisdom Co., Ltd., also took out the "details" of the Suzhou Hutong parking building: total investment, parking spaces, construction, line drawing, barriers, signposts, etc., about 5.8 million yuan; income, 1.5 million yuan in the first year, Going upwards year after year, it is expected to reach 3.2 million yuan in the tenth year; expenditures, electricity, maintenance, wages, financial expenses, etc., are 1.4 million to 1.75 million yuan per year. "By the end of the tenth contract period, the loan can be repaid and recovered Investment, profit is more than 1 million yuan, not much?"
It is not difficult to see that low profits, high costs, and long profit cycles are the main factors that affect the investment enthusiasm of enterprises. The key to solving this problem is to start with investment, financing, law enforcement, and prices, and to further create a market-oriented development environment under the rule of law.
——Innovate investment and financing models to make investment “turn well”.
"Our car park projects in Fujian, Jiangxi and other places are all co-built with government departments. The government departments provide resources and are planned, constructed and operated by the project company." Liu Longbao, director of Jiangsu Wuyang Parking Industry Group Corporation, said.
In the early stage of market growth, government guidance is indispensable-in practice, some cities adopt "integrated packaging" and other profitable projects to feed investors back, and some tax relief, targeted subsidies, etc. for enterprises to "burden", There are also many cities that have “hooked up” with enterprises in terms of investment and financing models.
"Scientific investment and financing model will enable government departments and enterprises to achieve a win-win situation." Pang Bo, Secretary of the Party Committee of Ada Parking Company, a subsidiary of China Railway Construction, introduced to reporters two main models: one is the PPP (government and social capital cooperation) model, the government Departments go out, companies pay money, and risk and benefits are shared. "For example, we invested in 19 parking lots in Xi'an, the land is allocated and used, and the return is the parking space franchise and construction subsidies." The other is BOT (construction-operation- Handover) model, "We set up a project company in Huangshan, Anhui with a local urban investment company to create 10,000 parking spaces. The government department granted the roadside toll operation right to the project company. After 30 years of operation, we withdrew and the assets belonged to the local government. department."
Apart from "packaging" and "holding up groups", the project can also "make blood" on its own. Jingneng Wisdom recently built a parking building in Beijing, and has finalized two large orders before it is operated: the first floor is for the automobile 4S store as a warehouse, and the first floor is claimed by the charging pile enterprise. The profit channel has been expanded, and the return period is expected to be shortened to 8 years.
"It is difficult to obtain property rights certificates for parking spaces, and it is difficult to obtain financing from banks by operating rights alone." "Rather than renting, parking spaces are'ownerless', and the shared parking industry is blocked." Many interviewees expressed the expectation that relevant property rights policies could be improved. "Clear property rights are the foundation of industrialization." Cheng Shidong believes that property rights of various parking spaces should be determined as soon as possible. "Financing and transactions will be smoother before industries can survive."
—— Scientifically and reasonably guide the demand and let the investment "return quickly".
"With the construction standard, we will definitely implement it, but it will often lose when it is built." In the survey, Sheng Yufei, vice president of Zhongnan Land Subei Company, said that it takes about 120,000 yuan to build a residential parking space in the northern Jiangsu area, but it can only be sold. To 60,000 to 70,000 yuan, "There are a few real estates, people are full, and there are still 30% of the parking spaces. The owners feel that it is convenient and convenient to park on the roadside. Who will buy parking spaces?"
If demand does not rise, investment will slow down. The legal parking spaces are idle, to a certain extent, because low prices and even free parking divert away the demand. Liu Ju believes that in order to break the strange circle of "illegal parking-weak demand-low income, slow construction-widening gap", it is necessary to increase law enforcement, increase the cost of illegal parking, and tighten the scale of on-street parking. Stable and effective demand, attract social investment, and promote a virtuous circle.
Leading demand depends on law enforcement and price. At present, in addition to the parking spaces on city roads and public parking lots invested by government departments, the price of fully invested parking lots by social capital has fully implemented market pricing. "Some places do not dare to raise the price of parking lots built by government departments, and the'market price' can not go up; some small and medium-sized cities think that free parking is'huimin', and the market is even worse." Many companies said After the market matures, the relevant support can be withdrawn gradually, so that the price can reflect the cost reasonably.
How to build
The construction standard has been increased to 1 to 1.5 parking spaces per household, and the three-dimensional parking allows a parking space to be at least 1.3 square meters-many cities have explored effective technical paths to ensure that they do not owe new accounts and return old accounts.
How to build a parking lot?
"Moderately satisfy basic parking spaces, tightly control travel spaces" "mainly with the construction of parking facilities, supplemented by public parking, supplemented by on-street parking"-"Guidelines for Urban Parking Facility Planning" specify the construction focus: off-road, Residential area, basic parking spaces. In recent years, many cities have explored many effective technical paths and solved the "how to build" problem.
On the one hand, we will raise the standards for construction and distribution to ensure that "new debts are not owed."
In recent years, cities such as Beijing and Shanghai have raised parking space allocation standards for houses of different sizes and types, roughly ranging from 1 to 1.5 parking spaces per household. "It doesn't meet the allocation standards, developers can't get approval, it's easy to check, and the implementation is good." Zhao Jie, director of the Academic Committee of the Transportation Branch of China Academy of Urban Planning, believes that the construction of parking spaces can be synchronized with the building and integrated. It is convenient for residents and evenly distributed. "Persevere, you can avoid increasing the gap."
On the other hand, aim at old communities and gradually "repay old accounts".
Space is cluttered and parking spaces are most in short supply. The 170,000 old communities reported by various regions are both a focus and a construction difficulty.
——Exploit potential and make full use of existing resources.
In Hangzhou, the Tanghe Xincun community has developed more than 470 parking spaces through measures such as widening roads, optimizing traffic organization, and occupying a small amount of green space. Some internal roads are 7 meters wide before reconstruction. If parking on both sides, the middle passage is less than 4 meters, which does not meet the fire protection requirements. After the renovation, the sidewalks on both sides retreated half a meter, the road was widened to 8 meters, and parking on both sides was possible. "Old residential space is precious and must be carefully calculated." Zhao Jie said that there are many similar tricks, such as compressing the size of a single parking space, paving parking spaces with green bricks, and dismantling storage rooms.
——Look around and coordinate parking space sharing.
"300 yuan per month, no worry about parking. It's convenient to get home in a few minutes' walk." Relying on the street to coordinate, Zhang Chunlin, a Beijing citizen, finally settled down for a car in a mall basement near his home. Shopping malls, hospitals, office buildings, government agencies, public institutions, state-owned enterprises... In recent years, many cities have promoted parking space sharing and parking at the wrong time, which has improved turnover efficiency and reduced pressure on new construction.
——Three-dimensional parking to achieve "going to heaven".
"Three-dimensional parking has been developed in China for more than 30 years, and the technology has been very mature. In addition to mechanical equipment such as lifting and traversing, the "pure garage" for separation of people and vehicles and automatic access is also being pushed out." Director of Jiangsu Zhongtai Parking Company Chang He Yujiang introduced the "power" of the three-dimensional garage: "dig a circular well with a diameter of 12 meters, which can be drilled into the ground 56 meters. Each well parks 100 cars, and each berth only needs an average of 1.3 square meters."
"Stereoscopic parking is helpful to solve the problem of less land and more cars." In Zhao Jie's view, even if there are few empty spaces in the old community, there will always be some leftovers. "Other roads can't work.'Going to the ground' is a guarantee scheme. Underground spaces such as squares, green spaces, and school playgrounds can be fully utilized."
Fast forward
In some urban parking facilities, it is difficult to "settle down", and the construction of parking spaces in old communities tests the ability of grassroots governance-building parking lots, government departments must come forward to "escort"
The construction of the parking lot is in the right place. How to solve the problem?
"The problem is complicated and it is not easy to advance. Government departments must come forward to "escort"" "The top-level design is available, and the "last mile" still needs to be dredged"... The interviewees' suggestions provide important references for city managers.
——Improve the degree of attention and dare to overcome difficulties.
"Some places believe that even if the parking lot is vigorously built, the short-term effect is not obvious, and the yield is low, so it is not willing to allocate the plot." He Yujiang believes that this requires the government department to start from the long-term and overall situation. Recognize the importance of parking lot construction.
"Relevant departments require all regions to do parking surveys and planning, but at present some places have not yet carried out, and land stratification transfer policies, property rights policies and implementation rules have not been introduced, and should be stepped up." Cheng Shidong believes.
"In some places, funds are mainly invested in public parking lots, but inadequate investment in residential parking spaces, and some are'avoidance is light'." Zhao Jie said. Some companies admit: "Old communities involve many subjects and coordination is difficult, and some departments will be afraid."
——Improve the efficiency of examination and approval and optimize the supervision service.
"It has been completed for more than a year, and it is useless for one day. Anxious!" Ms. Ou, the person in charge of an office property in a city, said that the company built a three-dimensional parking facility usefully behind the building last year, but it has been disabled by the relevant departments. Before the completion, she rushed to the urban management, planning, transportation and other departments to get the construction project planning license, and the reply was "no such business." After the reflection, I finally got the list of materials, but some of the 19 necessary materials are difficult to provide, such as geological survey data for a long time, architectural design schemes that cannot be declared, etc., "it is a little difficult to'set up the parking equipment' for parking equipment!" "
"Construction of parking lots involves planning, construction, transportation, public security, environmental protection and other departments, and approvals are no less complicated than real estate development." Cheng Shidong suggested that flowcharts and guides should be issued everywhere to allow investors to see at a glance, while reducing approvals, Simplify the process, "For example, the parking facilities for self-use can be exempted from the licensing procedures for land use, environmental assessment, and construction."
——Focus on fine management and improve governance efficiency.
Urban management is a delicate task, and the construction of parking spaces in old communities especially tests grassroots governance capabilities. "For example, in a new parking building, residents' demands are different: some parking is difficult, and they have long been looking forward to building; some do not drive, which is troublesome for construction, shading of equipment, and noise. According to relevant regulations, the construction must be approved by many owners. In Cheng Shidong's view, to obtain the "maximum common divisor" depends on the patience of the cadres and the elaborate design of the mechanism. "After it is built, some operating income can be given back to compensate the owners and increase the enthusiasm of different groups." No A few experts said that the renovation of old communities is a key task this year, and the construction of parking lots should be included in all areas to attract social capital and promote problem solving.
"The construction of parking lots is urgent and the burden is long." In the survey, everyone said that as long as they are really placed in an important position, work hard, and work hard for a long time, the situation will gradually change, relying on the expectations of the people and related to the overall economic situation. The car will get along with our city more harmoniously.
(Reporters Zhao Zhanhui, He Yong, Yao Xueqing, Liu Xinwu and Hong Qiuting participated in the writing)
Our reporter Liu Zhiqiang
Our reporter Liu Zhiqiang